Grammar parses for passage 6.21.3
Open translation for this passage
διαβάντων δὲ τὸν Κλάδεον τάφος τε Οἰνομάου γῆς χῶμα περιῳκοδομημένον λίθοις ἐστὶ καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ μνήματος ἐρείπια οἰκοδομημάτων, ἔνθα τῷ Οἰνομάῳ τὰς ἵππους αὐλίζεσθαι λέγουσιν.
The sentence has a genitive absolute (διαβάντων ... τὸν Κλάδεον), coordinated nominative subjects/predications with ἐστὶ, and an ἔνθα relative-locative clause governing λέγουσιν with a complementary infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαβάντων | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 τάφος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δέ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 διαβάντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 Κλάδεον | det | high | |
| 4 | Κλάδεον | Κλάδεος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 διαβάντων | obj | high | River name. |
| 5 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τάφος | cc | high | Coordinates the two predicates/nominal descriptions. |
| 7 | Οἰνομάου | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 τάφος | nmod | high | |
| 8 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 χῶμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on χῶμα: an earthen mound. |
| 9 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ἐστὶ | nsubj | medium | Appositional/predicative nominative alongside τάφος. |
| 10 | περιῳκοδομημένον | περιοικοδομέω | VERB | V-RPP-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Passive | 9 χῶμα | acl | high | Agrees with χῶμα. |
| 11 | λίθοις | λίθος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 περιῳκοδομημένον | obl | high | Material/instrument dative. |
| 12 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐρείπια | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ἐρείπια | case | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 16 μνήματος | det | high | |
| 16 | μνήματος | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 14 ὑπὲρ | obl | high | |
| 17 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 12 ἐστὶ | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 18 | οἰκοδομημάτων | οἰκοδόμημα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 17 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 26 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing a locative clause. |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 Οἰνομάῳ | det | high | |
| 22 | Οἰνομάῳ | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 αὐλίζεσθαι | obl | high | Dative of possession/association with αὐλίζεσθαι. |
| 23 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 24 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 24 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 25 αὐλίζεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 25 | αὐλίζεσθαι | αὐλίζω | VERB | V-PNP | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 26 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 26 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 20 ἔνθα | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the ἔνθα clause; subject is implicit they. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
ὅροι δὲ πρὸς Ἀρκάδας τῆς χώρας τὰ μὲν παρόντα Ἠλείοις, τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἱ αὐτοὶ Πισαίοις καθεστήκεσαν.
The sentence has an elliptical copular predicate: ὅροι ... [εἰσί], with τὰ μὲν παρόντα Ἠλείοις contrasted with τὰ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἱ αὐτοὶ Πισαίοις καθεστήκεσαν; καθεστήκεσαν is perfect active of καθίστημι, ‘have stood/been established’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | Noun-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of the coordinated/elliptical predication. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 ὅροι | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative conjunction. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | Introduces the neighboring Arcadians as a boundary reference. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Propn-Acc.Masc.Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅροι | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen.Fem.Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 6 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | Noun-Gen.Fem.Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι: ‘boundaries of the land’. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc.Neut.Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 παρόντα | det | high | Substantivizing article for the first contrasted substantive phrase. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 7 τὰ | advmod | high | First member of μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 9 | παρόντα | πάρειμι | VERB | Verb-Part.Pres.Act.Acc.Neut.Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized participle, ‘the present/current [ones]’; case is accusative in form but functions in an elliptical nominal predication. |
| 10 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | Propn-Dat.Masc.Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρόντα | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association: ‘belonging to the Eleans’; syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παρόντα | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc.Neut.Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | medium | Substantivizing article for the second contrasted phrase. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 τὰ | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 14 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 15 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Introduces the source/time phrase. |
| 15 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | Noun-Gen.Fem.Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | obl | high | With ἐξ, ‘from the beginning/originally’. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 αὐτοὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying αὐτοί. |
| 17 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of καθεστήκεσαν, referring to the boundaries. |
| 18 | Πισαίοις | Πισαῖος | PROPN | Propn-Dat.Masc.Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association: ‘for the Pisatans’. |
| 19 | καθεστήκεσαν | καθίστημι | VERB | Verb-Ind.Perf.Act.3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active, ‘have stood/been established’; predicate for the boundary subject. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 καθεστήκεσαν | punct | high |
ἀνέχοντες κατὰ τάδε.
The excerpt is a fragment; ἀνέχοντες is analyzed as the root participle provisionally, while κατά τάδε is an attached prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέχοντες | ἀνέχω | VERB | V- Pใน | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present active nominative masculine plural participle; syntactic attachment is unclear in this excerpt. |
| 2 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 τάδε | case | high | Preposition governing the demonstrative. |
| 3 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | D- PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀνέχοντες | obl | medium | Neuter plural accusative demonstrative, functioning as the object of κατά in the phrase κατά τάδε. |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέχοντες | punct | high |
διαβάντων δὲ ποταμὸν Ἐρύμανθον κατὰ τὴν Σαύρου καλουμένην δειράδα τοῦ Σαύρου τε μνῆμα καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἡρακλέους, ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν.
The sentence has a difficult postposed ἐρείπια ἐφʼ ἡμῶν after the copular clause; token 19 is annotated as a separate verbless continuation, while the main clause is μνῆμα τε καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἡρακλέους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαβάντων | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-PAAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 19 ἐρείπια | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δέ understood as temporal/conditional context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 διαβάντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 διαβάντων | obj | high | |
| 4 | Ἐρύμανθον | Ἐρύμανθος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 ποταμὸν | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to ποταμόν. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 δειράδα | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 δειράδα | det | high | |
| 7 | Σαύρου | Σαῦρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 καλουμένην | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on καλουμένην: the ridge called Sauros; syntactically associated with the participle. |
| 8 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPP-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Passive | 9 δειράδα | acl | high | |
| 9 | δειράδα | δειράς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 ἐρείπια | obl | high | Object of κατά, with article and attributive participle. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 11 Σαύρου | det | high | |
| 11 | Σαύρου | Σαῦρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνῆμα. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 μνῆμα | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 13 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 16 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with ἱερόν. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates ἱερόν with μνῆμα. |
| 15 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 μνῆμα | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with μνῆμα. |
| 16 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate; predicate nominative follows. |
| 17 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possessive/objective genitive with ἱερόν, and semantically also with μνῆμα. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐρείπια | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Postposed/extraposed nominal clause or verbless continuation; likely appositional to the preceding site description. The finite ἐστιν is treated as the root of the preceding clause, while this plural noun is a difficult editorial/syntactic continuation. |
| 20 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἐρείπια | case | high | |
| 21 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GP | Case=Genitive|Number=Plural|Person=1 | 20 ἐφʼ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί; idiomatic temporal/locative phrase, 'in our time/presence'. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐρείπια | punct | high |
λέγουσι δὲ ὡς ὁδοιπόρους τε καὶ τοὺς προσοικοῦντας ὁ Σαῦρος ἐκακούργει, πρὶν ἢ παρὰ Ἡρακλέους τὴν δίκην ἔσχε.
The infinitive-like temporal construction πρὶν ἢ ... ἔσχε is analyzed as a subordinate temporal clause; παρὰ Ἡρακλέους is a source/agent phrase with the object τὴν δίκην. The object of ἐκακούργει is coordinated ὁδοιπόρους and τοὺς προσοικοῦντας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 4 | ὁδοιπόρους | ὁδοιπόρος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐκακούργει | obj | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὁδοιπόρους | cc | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 προσοικοῦντας | cc | high | Coordinates the two object conjuncts. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 προσοικοῦντας | det | high | |
| 8 | προσοικοῦντας | προσοικέω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ὁδοιπόρους | conj | high | Substantivized participle, coordinated with ὁδοιπόρους. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Σαῦρος | det | high | |
| 10 | Σαῦρος | Σαῦρος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκακούργει | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἐκακούργει | κακουργέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 3 ὡς | ccomp | high | Finite verb in the ὡς-reported clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκακούργει | punct | high | |
| 13 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔσχε | mark | high | Temporal subordinator in πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 πρὶν | cc | medium | Correlative particle completing πρὶν ἤ. |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δίκην | obl | high | Genitive with παρά, indicating source/agent. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 δίκην | det | high | |
| 18 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 19 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκακούργει | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate predicate; subject is understood as Σαῦρος. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγουσι | punct | high |