Grammar parses for passage 6.3.12
Open translation for this passage
Καυλωνία δὲ ἀπῳκίσθη μὲν ἐς Ἰταλίαν ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν, οἰκιστὴς δὲ ἐγένετο αὐτῆς Τύφων Αἰγιεύς·
Καυλωνία is the subject of ἀπῳκίσθη; the second coordinated clause has Τύφων as subject and οἰκιστής as predicate nominative, with αὐτῆς dependent genitive. The passive agent ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν is explicit; μὲν...δέ coordinates the two clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καυλωνία | Καυλωνία | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 12 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Correlative δέ corresponding to μὲν. |
| 3 | ἀπῳκίσθη | ἀποικίζω | VERB | V3SAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G---- | _ | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | advmod | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Agent marker with passive verb. |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἰκιστὴς | οἰκιστής | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γίγνομαι. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 12 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 12 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | conj | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P----GF3- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 οἰκιστὴς | nmod:poss | high | Genitive of the city/person concerned: 'its/her founder'. |
| 14 | Τύφων | Τύφων | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | Αἰγιεύς | Αἰγιεύς | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Τύφων | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition identifying Typhon. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπῳκίσθη | punct | high |
Πύρρου δὲ τοῦ Αἰακίδου καὶ Ταραντίνων ἐς τὸν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον καταστάντων ἄλλαι τε τῶν ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ πόλεων ἐγένοντο αἱ μὲν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αἱ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἠπειρωτῶν ἀνάστατοι, κατέλαβε δὲ ἐς ἅπαν ἐρημωθῆναι καὶ τὴν Καυλωνίαν ἁλοῦσαν ὑπὸ Καμπανῶν, οἳ Ῥωμαίοις μεγίστη τοῦ συμμαχικοῦ μοῖρα ἦσαν.
The genitive absolute at 1–12 sets the circumstance; 13–30 is the coordinated subject/predicate of ἐγένοντο, while 32 takes the accusative-infinitive 35–36. In 40, ἁλοῦσαν is an accusative participle agreeing with Καυλωνίαν; 44–50 is a relative clause with μοῖρα as predicate nominative and Ῥωμαίοις as dative of relation/possession.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταστάντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 32 κατέλαβε | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Αἰακίδου | det | high | |
| 4 | Αἰακίδου | Αἰακίδης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πύρρου | appos | high | Patronymic apposition to Πύρρου. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 Ταραντίνων | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ταραντίνων | Ταραντῖνος | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 καταστάντων | nsubj | high | Coordinated genitive-absolute subject. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | R----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 10 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πρὸς | obl | high | Object of πρός in the phrase πρὸς Ῥωμαίους. |
| 11 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καταστάντων | obl | medium | Goal/context of καταστάντων: entering war. |
| 12 | καταστάντων | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἐγένοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; subject 1 and 6. |
| 13 | ἄλλαι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἄλλαι | cc | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | R----GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἰταλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 17 | Ἰταλίᾳ | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλεων | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 18 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N--GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἄλλαι | nmod | high | Partitive/relational genitive with ἄλλαι. |
| 19 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | R---NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ἀνάστατοι | det | high | Article substantivizing the first μέν phrase. |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 30 ἀνάστατοι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at 26. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 23 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἀνάστατοι | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἀνάστατοι understood. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἀνάστατοι | punct | high | |
| 25 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | R---NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ἀνάστατοι | det | high | Article substantivizing the second δέ phrase. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 30 ἀνάστατοι | cc | high | Correlative with μέν at 21. |
| 27 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 Ἠπειρωτῶν | case | high | |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | R----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 Ἠπειρωτῶν | det | high | |
| 29 | Ἠπειρωτῶν | Ἠπειρώτης | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ἀνάστατοι | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἀνάστατοι understood. |
| 30 | ἀνάστατοι | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A--NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἐγένοντο | conj | medium | Predicate adjective, with ἐγένοντο understood; coordinated μέν/δέ alternatives. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 κατέλαβε | punct | high | |
| 32 | κατέλαβε | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Independent verb; syntactically coordinated with ἐγένοντο, yielding a second clause. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 32 κατέλαβε | cc | high | |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 35 ἅπαν | case | high | |
| 35 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ἐρημωθῆναι | obl | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘altogether/in all’. |
| 36 | ἐρημωθῆναι | ἐρημόω | VERB | V-APP-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 32 κατέλαβε | xcomp | high | Accusative-infinitive complement of κατέλαβε; subject is Καυλωνίαν at 39. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 40 ἁλοῦσαν | cc | high | Coordinates participial modifiers of Καυλωνίαν. |
| 38 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | R----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 Καυλωνίαν | det | high | |
| 39 | Καυλωνίαν | Καυλωνία | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐρημωθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 40 | ἁλοῦσαν | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 Καυλωνίαν | acl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Καυλωνίαν; passive in sense (‘having been captured’). |
| 41 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 42 Καμπανῶν | case | high | |
| 42 | Καμπανῶν | Καμπανός | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἁλοῦσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἁλοῦσαν, with ὑπό. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 44 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 50 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Καμπανοί. |
| 45 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 μοῖρα | iobj | high | Dative of relation/possession with μοῖρα. |
| 46 | μεγίστη | μέγας | ADJ | A--NSF-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 49 μοῖρα | amod | high | Superlative modifying μοῖρα. |
| 47 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 48 συμμαχικοῦ | det | high | |
| 48 | συμμαχικοῦ | συμμαχικός | ADJ | A----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 49 μοῖρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μοῖρα: the allied contingent. |
| 49 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 50 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦσαν; subject is οἳ. |
| 50 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin | 32 κατέλαβε | advcl | medium | Relative-clause predicate; clause describes the Campanians. |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 κατέλαβε | punct | high |