Grammar parses for passage 6.4.3
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τὸν Σώστρατον παλαιστὴς ἀνὴρ πεποίηται Λεοντίσκος, ἐκ Σικελίας τε ὢν γένος καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ πορθμῷ Μεσσήνης·
The perfect middle/passive πεποίηται is construed with Leontiscus as the depicted subject; ὢν is a circumstantial participle with coordinated origin phrases.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Σώστρατον | case | high | With accusative, meaning 'beside/after'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Σώστρατον | det | high | |
| 4 | Σώστρατον | Σώστρατος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 5 | παλαιστὴς | παλαιστής | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Appositional predicate noun. |
| 6 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive, with a statue-making/depiction sense. |
| 8 | Λεοντίσκος | Λεοντίσκος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | nsubj | medium | Named subject; the construction may be understood as 'Leontiscus has been made/depicted'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 11 Σικελίας | case | high | |
| 11 | Σικελίας | Σικελία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὢν | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ὢν. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ὢν | cc | high | Coordinates the two origin phrases. |
| 13 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, 'being by origin'. |
| 14 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὢν | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ὢν: 'in origin'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀπὸ | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 21 Μεσσήνης | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Μεσσήνης | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 πορθμῷ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 πορθμῷ | det | high | |
| 20 | πορθμῷ | πορθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Μεσσήνης | nmod | high | Embedded ἐν-phrase modifying Μεσσήνης. |
| 21 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὢν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό; place-name, 'Messene in the strait'. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | punct | high |
στεφανωθῆναι δὲ ὑπό τε Ἀμφικτυόνων καὶ δὶς ὑπὸ Ἠλείων, εἶναι δὲ αὐτῷ λέγεται τὴν πάλην καθὰ δὴ καὶ τὸ παγκράτιον τῷ Σικυωνίῳ Σωστράτῳ·
The sentence reports that he was crowned by the Amphictyons and twice by the Eleans, and that wrestling and pankration were said to be his equal to those of Sostratus of Sicyon; the infinitival coordination and comparison are syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στεφανωθῆναι | στεφανόω | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 14 λέγεται | xcomp | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 στεφανωθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Ἀμφικτυόνων | case | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 5 | Ἀμφικτυόνων | Ἀμφικτύονες | PROPN | Nb--gen-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 στεφανωθῆναι | obl:agent | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Ἀμφικτυόνων | cc | high | |
| 7 | δὶς | δίς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 στεφανωθῆναι | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἠλείων | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖοι | PROPN | Nb--gen-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 1 στεφανωθῆναι | obl:agent | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN--- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 14 λέγεται | ccomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated/associated with preceding reported infinitive. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3ms---d | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Personal | 11 εἶναι | iobj | high | |
| 14 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3SPI---- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--afn--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 16 πάλην | det | high | |
| 16 | πάλην | πάλη | NOUN | Nb---an-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 11 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 17 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 παγκράτιον | mark | medium | Comparative/relative conjunction introducing an accompanying comparison. |
| 18 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 21 παγκράτιον | discourse | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 παγκράτιον | cc | high | |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--nna--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 21 παγκράτιον | det | high | |
| 21 | παγκράτιον | παγκράτιον | NOUN | Nb---an-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 16 πάλην | conj | high | Coordinated accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--dmd--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Article | 24 Σωστράτῳ | det | high | |
| 23 | Σικυωνίῳ | Σικυώνιος | ADJ | A--dm---- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 24 Σωστράτῳ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used with the personal name. |
| 24 | Σωστράτῳ | Σώστρατος | PROPN | Nb--dat-- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 21 παγκράτιον | obl | high | Dative of comparison/association with the athletic abilities. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 λέγεται | punct | high |
καὶ γὰρ τὸν Λεοντίσκον καταβαλεῖν μὲν οὐκ ἐπίστασθαι τοὺς παλαίοντας, νικᾶν δὲ αὐτὸν κλῶντα τοὺς δακτύλους.
Infinitival construction after an implied/reporting predicate: the subject τοὺς παλαίοντας controls καταβαλεῖν and ἐπίστασθαι; the second coordinated infinitive νικᾶν has αὐτόν as object and κλῶντα as a predicative/depictive participle. The exact attachment of γάρ and the infinitives is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Λεοντίσκον | det | high | |
| 4 | Λεοντίσκον | Λεοντίσκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καταβαλεῖν | obj | high | |
| 5 | καταβαλεῖν | καταβάλλω | VERB | V--AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | xcomp | medium | Coordinated infinitive in an elliptical construction. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 5 καταβαλεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐπίστασθαι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V--PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Elliptical infinitival construction; syntactic root chosen for the finite-less sentence. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 παλαίοντας | det | high | |
| 10 | παλαίοντας | παλαίω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | nsubj | medium | Substantival participle, subject of the infinitival predication. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | νικᾶν | νικάω | VERB | V--PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | conj | medium | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 νικᾶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---AM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 νικᾶν | obj | high | |
| 15 | κλῶντα | κλάω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 νικᾶν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with αὐτόν; depictive/circumstantial sense, ‘while breaking/cracking’. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 δακτύλους | det | high | |
| 17 | δακτύλους | δάκτυλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 κλῶντα | obj | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἐπίστασθαι | punct | high |