Grammar parses for passage 6.4.9
Open translation for this passage
Σωδάμας δὲ ἐξ Ἀσσοῦ τῆς ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι, κειμένης δὲ ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ, πρῶτος Αἰολέων τῶν ταύτῃ στάδιον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the opening geographical apposition and participial phrase are attached to the main clause with ἐνίκησεν, and πρῶτος functions adverbially.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σωδάμας | Σωδάμας | PROPN | N--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ἐνίκησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ἀσσοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀσσοῦ. |
| 4 | Ἀσσοῦ | Ἄσσος | PROPN | N--GFS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Source/origin phrase with ἐξ. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Τρῳάδι | det | high | Article with ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι phrase. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Τρῳάδι | case | high | Preposition governing Τρῳάδι. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Τρῳάδι | det | high | Article with Τρῳάδι. |
| 8 | Τρῳάδι | Τρωάς | PROPN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀσσοῦ | nmod | medium | Likely dependent of Ἀσσοῦ as part of the geographical apposition 'in the Troad'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἀσσοῦ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | κειμένης | κεῖμαι | VERB | V--PPP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐνίκησεν | advcl | medium | Genitive participial clause, probably circumstantial and agreeing with Τρῳάδι/Ἀσσοῦ contextually. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 κειμένης | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ἴδῃ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἴδῃ. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἴδῃ | det | high | Article with Ἴδῃ. |
| 14 | Ἴδῃ | Ἴδη | PROPN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κειμένης | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in the participial phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κειμένης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial/adjectival modifier meaning 'first'. |
| 17 | Αἰολέων | Αἰολεύς | PROPN | N-PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 στάδιον | nmod | high | Partitive genitive modifying στάδιον. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 στάδιον | det | high | Article with ταύτῃ. |
| 19 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 στάδιον | amod | medium | Attributive/demonstrative modifier of στάδιον; context suggests 'the stadium here'. |
| 20 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 21 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DPF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Dative of place/occasion with ἐνίκησεν. |
| 22 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 παισίν | case | high | Preposition governing παισίν. |
| 24 | παισίν | παῖς | NOUN | N-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
παρὰ δὲ Σωδάμαν Ἀρχίδαμος ἕστηκεν ὁ Ἀγησιλάου, Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεύς.
The syntax is straightforward except for the prepositional phrase with παρὰ Σωδάμαν, where the proper-name form is somewhat irregular/uncertain, and the title phrase βασιλεύς is appositive to Ἀρχίδαμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκεν | case | high | Introduces the locative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | Σωδάμαν | Σωδάμας | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκεν | obl | medium | Likely object of παρά with improper-name form; case assignment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Ἀρχίδαμος | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἕστηκεν. |
| 5 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βασιλεύς | det | high | Article modifying Ἀγησιλάου in apposition to Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 7 | Ἀγησιλάου | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 βασιλεύς | punct | high | Comma. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 βασιλεύς | amod | medium | Taken as adjectival ethnic modifying βασιλεύς; form is ambiguous and could reflect genitive plural in other contexts. |
| 10 | βασιλεύς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ ἄλλων τε καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕνεκα ἀνδριάντα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀπέστειλαν, ὅτι ἐν βαρβάρῳ τε ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν τὸ χρεὼν καὶ βασιλέων μόνος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ δῆλός ἐστιν ἁμαρτὼν τάφου.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἕνεκα governs two genitives, and the ὅτι-clause contains a coordinated pair of predications with an indirect-discourse flavor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | nsubj | medium | Genitive with ἕνεκα; syntactic attachment somewhat loose. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἄλλων | cc | high | Correlative enclitic. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τελευτῆς | det | high | Article modifying τελευτῆς. |
| 7 | τελευτῆς | τελευτή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 8 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 δοκεῖν | nsubj | medium | Dative with δοκεῖν; personal subject in indirect statement. |
| 9 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAINF-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in indirect discourse. |
| 10 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | high | Postposition governing genitives. |
| 11 | ἀνδριάντα | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέστειλαν. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 14 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 βαρβάρῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | βαρβάρῳ | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | obl | high | Locative/instrumental dative with ἐν. |
| 19 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 βαρβάρῳ | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective modifying the oblique phrase. |
| 20 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Causal subordinate clause within ὅτι. |
| 21 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | obj | high | Object of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 χρεὼν | det | high | Article with χρεὼν. |
| 23 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 δῆλός | cc | high | Coordinates ἐπέλαβεν-clause with ἀνδριάντα clause/reasoning. |
| 25 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 μόνος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μόνος. |
| 26 | μόνος | μόνος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 27 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | Article with Σπάρτῃ phrase. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 29 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 μόνος | nmod | high | Genitive/partitive phrase qualifying βασιλέων. |
| 30 | δῆλός | δῆλος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἐστιν. |
| 31 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | conj | high | Copula in coordinated clause under ὅτι. |
| 32 | ἁμαρτὼν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the predicative clause. |
| 33 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἁμαρτὼν | obj | medium | Genitive object/complement with ἁμαρτάνω; unusual government. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |