Grammar parses for passage 6.4.9
Open translation for this passage
Σωδάμας δὲ ἐξ Ἀσσοῦ τῆς ἐν τῇ Τρῳάδι, κειμένης δὲ ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ, πρῶτος Αἰολέων τῶν ταύτῃ στάδιον Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν.
The participial description of Τρῳάδι is syntactically somewhat compressed: κειμένης is treated as an attributive clause-like participle, with ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ as its locative complement; πρῶτος is predicative to the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σωδάμας | Σωδάμας | PROPN | Neut? Nom.Sg. | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | medium | Personal name; surface ending is unusual, conventionally treated as masculine nominative singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 22 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Ἀσσοῦ | case | high | Before a vowel, ἐκ appears as ἐξ. |
| 4 | Ἀσσοῦ | Ἄσσος | PROPN | Noun/Prop Gen.Sg. | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | Place of origin. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Τρῳάδι | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 Τρῳάδι | case | high | |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Τρῳάδι | det | high | |
| 8 | Τρῳάδι | Τρῳάς | PROPN | Noun/Prop Dat.Sg. | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀσσοῦ | nmod | high | Appositional geographic specification of Assos. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κειμένης | punct | high | |
| 10 | κειμένης | κεῖμαι | VERB | Pres.Med.Pass.Ptcp Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 Τρῳάδι | acl | high | Genitive absolute-like descriptive participle agreeing with Τρῳάδι by attraction/ellipsis; semantically 'situated'. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 κειμένης | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 14 Ἴδῃ | case | high | Locative 'under/below' with dative. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἴδῃ | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἴδῃ | Ἴδη | PROPN | Noun/Prop Dat.Sg. | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κειμένης | obl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 πρῶτος | punct | high | |
| 16 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | Superlative Adj Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective: first. |
| 17 | Αἰολέων | Αἰολεύς | NOUN | Noun Gen.Pl.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 πρῶτος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πρῶτος. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art Gen.Pl.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Αἰολέων | det | high | |
| 19 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Demonstrative Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 στάδιον | nmod | medium | Adverbial/local dative, 'in this region'; syntactically associated with στάδιον/its context. |
| 20 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | Noun Acc.Sg.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obj | medium | Accusative of the athletic event, 'the stadion race'; exact attachment of ταύτῃ is uncertain. |
| 21 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλύμπια | PROPN | Noun/Prop Dat.Pl.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | At the Olympic games. |
| 22 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | Aor.Act.Ind.3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 24 παισίν | case | high | |
| 24 | παισίν | παῖς | NOUN | Noun Dat.Pl. | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 22 ἐνίκησεν | obl | high | In the boys' event/category; grammatical gender is underspecified in this form. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high |
παρὰ δὲ Σωδάμαν Ἀρχίδαμος ἕστηκεν ὁ Ἀγησιλάου, Λακεδαιμονίων βασιλεύς.
Ἀρχίδαμος is the subject of stative ἕστηκεν; βασιλεύς is an appositive, with Λακεδαιμονίων as its genitive complement. The proper name Σωδάμαν is treated as the accusative object of παρά, though its exact declensional analysis is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | Case=ACC | 3 Σωδάμαν | case | high | With accusative, indicating position beside/near. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | cc | high | |
| 3 | Σωδάμαν | Σωδάμας | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | obl | medium | Proper name, accusative after παρά; declension/lemma form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Ἀρχίδαμος | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | Noun- nom sg masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V- perf act ind 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active with stative meaning, 'stands/is standing'. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-nom sg masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀγησιλάου | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀγησιλάου | Ἀγησίλαος | PROPN | Noun-gen sg masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | nmod | high | Patronymic/relational genitive modifying Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 βασιλεύς | punct | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A- gen pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 βασιλεύς | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, 'of the Lacedaemonians'. |
| 10 | βασιλεύς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-nom sg masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχίδαμος | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἕστηκεν | punct | high |
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου τούτου βασιλέως εἰκόνα οὐδενὸς ἔν γε τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ Λακεδαιμονίους ἀναθέντας εὕρισκον·
The accusative Λακεδαιμονίους ἀναθέντας is analyzed as the subject-plus-participle complement of εὕρισκον; πρὸ τοῦ Ἀρχιδάμου τούτου βασιλέως modifies the temporal frame, with βασιλέως appositional to Ἀρχιδάμου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 εὕρισκον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εὕρισκον | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλέως | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | medium | Demonstrative agreeing with the proper name; UD treats it as a determiner. |
| 6 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀναθέντας | obj | high | |
| 8 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | PX-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 7 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκόνα: an image of no one. |
| 9 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ὑπερορίᾳ | case | high | |
| 10 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 12 ὑπερορίᾳ | advmod | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὑπερορίᾳ | det | high | |
| 12 | ὑπερορίᾳ | ὑπερορία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀναθέντας | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀναθέντας | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἀναθέντας. |
| 14 | ἀναθέντας | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εὕρισκον | ccomp | high | Accusative participle functioning in an infinitival/complement construction with εὕρισκον. |
| 15 | εὕρισκον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-IAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εὕρισκον | punct | high |
Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ ἄλλων τε καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἕνεκα ἀνδριάντα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀπέστειλαν, ὅτι ἐν βαρβάρῳ τε ἐπέλαβεν αὐτὸν τὸ χρεὼν καὶ βασιλέων μόνος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ δῆλός ἐστιν ἁμαρτὼν τάφου.
The main clause is reconstructed as Ἀρχιδάμου ... ἀνδριάντα ... ἀπέστειλαν, with Ἀρχιδάμου a genitive of the person commemorated and ἄλλων τε καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς ἕνεκα coordinated grounds. In the ὅτι-clause, τὸ χρεών is the subject of ἐπέλαβεν, while αὐτόν is its accusative; δῆλός ἐστιν ἁμαρτὼν τάφου is predicated of the understood subject Ἀρχίδαμος. The attachment of ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν is parenthetical and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | Neut-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνδριάντα | nmod | medium | Genitive of the person commemorated; alternatively dependent on an understood notion of statue. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἕνεκα | nmod | medium | Substantivized genitive, coordinated with τῆς τελευτῆς. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἄλλων | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 τελευτῆς | cc | high | Second coordinator. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τελευτῆς | det | high | |
| 7 | τελευτῆς | τελευτή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄλλων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive of cause or occasion. |
| 8 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 9 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative with δοκεῖν, parenthetical 'to me'. |
| 9 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | parataxis | low | Parenthetical infinitive; its exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 10 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | Adp | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | case | high | Postposition governing coordinated genitives ἄλλων ... τῆς τελευτῆς. |
| 11 | ἀνδριάντα | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀπέστειλαν. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Adp | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | high | Destination. |
| 14 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; subject is understood plural. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 30 δῆλός | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Adp | _ | 18 βαρβάρῳ | case | high | |
| 18 | βαρβάρῳ | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-NSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter dative, probably 'in foreign land'; precise sense is context-dependent. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | cc | medium | Connective particle within the causal clause. |
| 20 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 30 δῆλός | advcl | medium | Finite verb of the ὅτι-clause; subject τὸ χρεών. |
| 21 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 χρεὼν | det | high | |
| 23 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Articular substantive 'the inevitable/death'; spelling and lexical categorization vary. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 30 δῆλός | cc | high | Coordinates the two explanatory predicates. |
| 25 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 μόνος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with μόνος. |
| 26 | μόνος | μόνος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 δῆλός | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective, with Ἀρχίδαμος as understood subject. |
| 27 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Adp | _ | 29 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 29 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βασιλέων | nmod | high | Locative phrase modifying βασιλέων. |
| 30 | δῆλός | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπέλαβεν | conj | medium | Predicative adjective coordinated with the preceding causal clause; understood subject is Ἀρχίδαμος. |
| 31 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 δῆλός | cop | high | |
| 32 | ἁμαρτὼν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-NSAAP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 30 δῆλός | acl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, predicated of the understood subject. |
| 33 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἁμαρτὼν | obj | high | Genitive object of ἁμαρτών. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀπέστειλαν | punct | high |