Grammar parses for passage 6.5.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐς ἀγέλην ἐσελθὼν βοῶν τὸν μέγιστον καὶ ἀγριώτατον ταῦρον λαβὼν τοῦ ἑτέρου τῶν ὄπισθεν ποδῶν τὰς χηλὰς κατεῖχεν ἄκρας, καὶ πηδῶντα καὶ ἐπειγόμενον οὐκ ἀνίει, πρίν γε δὴ ὁ ταῦρος ὀψέ ποτε καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἀφικόμενος βίας ἀπέφυγεν ἀφεὶς ταύτῃ τῷ Πουλυδάμαντι τὰς χηλάς.
Πολυδάμαντος is the understood subject of the participles and finite verbs; πρίν introduces a delayed temporal clause, with ἀφικόμενος agreeing with ὁ ταῦρος and ἀφεὶς bearing an understood bull subject. The phrase τοῦ ἑτέρου τῶν ὄπισθεν ποδῶν means ‘of one of the hind feet,’ with χηλάς as the object of κατεῖχεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἀγέλην | case | high | |
| 2 | ἀγέλην | ἀγέλη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσελθὼν | obl | high | |
| 3 | ἐσελθὼν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατεῖχεν | advcl | high | Subject is the understood Πολυδάμας. |
| 4 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ταῦρον | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 μέγιστον | det | high | |
| 6 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A-SMS | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ταῦρον | amod | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 8 ἀγριώτατον | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἀγριώτατον | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-SMS | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ταῦρον | conj | high | |
| 9 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λαβὼν | obj | high | |
| 10 | λαβὼν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατεῖχεν | advcl | high | Subject is the understood Πολυδάμας. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἑτέρου | det | high | |
| 12 | ἑτέρου | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ποδῶν | amod | high | Substantivized: ‘one of the feet’. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ποδῶν | det | high | |
| 14 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | D—— | AdvType=Loc | 15 ποδῶν | advmod | high | Postpositive adverb modifying ποδῶν: ‘hind/back’. |
| 15 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἑτέρου | nmod | high | |
| 16 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 χηλὰς | det | high | |
| 17 | χηλὰς | χηλή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 κατεῖχεν | obj | high | |
| 18 | κατεῖχεν | κατέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb; subject is understood Πολυδάμας. |
| 19 | ἄκρας | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 χηλὰς | amod | high | Predicative/qualifying: holding the hooves at their tips. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κατεῖχεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 26 ἀνίει | cc | high | |
| 22 | πηδῶντα | πηδάω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἀνίει | advcl | high | Accusative predicative participle with understood ταῦρον. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 24 ἐπειγόμενον | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐπειγόμενον | ἐπείγω | VERB | V-PPP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 πηδῶντα | conj | medium | Middle/passive morphology; coordinated with πηδῶντα. |
| 25 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D—— | Polarity=Neg | 26 ἀνίει | advmod | high | |
| 26 | ἀνίει | ἀνίημι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 κατεῖχεν | conj | high | Subject remains the understood Πολυδάμας; object is understood ταῦρον. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀνίει | punct | high | |
| 28 | πρίν | πρίν | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | mark | high | Introduces the delayed temporal clause. |
| 29 | γε | γε | PART | X—— | _ | 28 πρίν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 30 | δὴ | δή | PART | X—— | _ | 28 πρίν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 31 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 ταῦρος | det | high | |
| 32 | ταῦρος | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 33 | ὀψέ | ὀψέ | ADV | D—— | _ | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | advmod | high | |
| 34 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D—— | _ | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | advmod | high | Indefinite/time particle: ‘at last/ever’. |
| 35 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 38 ἀφικόμενος | cc | high | |
| 36 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 37 ἅπαν | case | high | |
| 37 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Substantivized/neuter adverbial accusative: ‘completely’. |
| 38 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | advcl | high | Agrees with ὁ ταῦρος. |
| 39 | βίας | βία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | obl | high | Genitive of means/manner: ‘by force’. |
| 40 | ἀπέφυγεν | ἀποφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ἀνίει | advcl | high | Temporal clause governed by πρίν. |
| 41 | ἀφεὶς | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | advcl | medium | Subject is understood ταῦρος; releases the hooves. |
| 42 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 44 Πουλυδάμαντι | iobj | high | Dative recipient, modifying Πουλυδάμαντι. |
| 43 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 Πουλυδάμαντι | det | high | |
| 44 | Πουλυδάμαντι | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἀφεὶς | obl | high | Recipient of ἀφείς; lemma given in nominative. |
| 45 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 χηλάς | det | high | |
| 46 | χηλάς | χηλή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 41 ἀφεὶς | obj | high | |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέφυγεν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς ἄνδρα ἡνίοχον ἐλαύνοντα σπουδῇ τὸ ἅρμα ἐπέσχε τοῦ πρόσω·
The clause is impersonal λέγεται with ὡς introducing reported content; ἄνδρα ἡνίοχον ἐλαύνοντα is the accusative subject of the infinitival/accusative reported construction understood after λέγεται, while ἐπέσχε takes τὸ ἅρμα as object and τοῦ πρόσω as a genitive of separation or adverbial direction (‘forward’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-P-I/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive ‘it is said’; governs the reported ὡς-clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Additive particle. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐπέσχε | mark | medium | Introduces the reported content; dependency attachment to the embedded predicate is conventionalized here. |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ACC-SG-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐλαύνοντα | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the embedded participial/event clause. |
| 6 | ἡνίοχον | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | N-ACC-SG-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄνδρα | appos | high | Appositional noun, ‘charioteer’, agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 7 | ἐλαύνοντα | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-PAP-ACC-SG-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπέσχε | advcl | medium | Accusative present participle agreeing with ἄνδρα; denotes the concurrent action. |
| 8 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N-DAT-SG-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐλαύνοντα | obl | high | Dative of manner, ‘with haste/eagerness’. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-SG-N | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-ACC-SG-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπέσχε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέσχε. |
| 11 | ἐπέσχε | ἐπέχω | VERB | V-2A3S-A-I | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Aorist active; embedded predicate under ὡς, with understood subject related to ἄνδρα. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-SG-N | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πρόσω | det | high | |
| 13 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 ἐπέσχε | obl | low | Adverbial πρόσω with τόυ/τοῦ in the transmitted phrase; syntax is uncertain, possibly a genitival complement expressing direction or separation. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπέσχε | punct | high |
λαβόμενος γὰρ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν ὄπισθε τοῦ ἅρματος, ὁμοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἵππους πεδήσας καὶ τὸν ἡνίοχον εἶχε.
λαβόμενος is a circumstantial aorist middle participle with implicit subject; ὄπισθε τοῦ ἅρματος is an adverbial postpositional phrase, and the coordinated participles πεδήσας ... εἶχε describe simultaneous actions. The construction τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν is instrumental, 'with one of his hands'; τῶν χειρῶν is partitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λαβόμενος | λαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 19 εἶχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist middle participle, subject coreferential with εἶχε. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 εἶχε | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 4 ἑτέρᾳ | det | high | |
| 4 | ἑτέρᾳ | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 1 λαβόμενος | obl | high | Instrumental dative with λαβόμενος. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 6 χειρῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 4 ἑτέρᾳ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive dependent on ἑτέρᾳ. |
| 7 | ὄπισθε | ὄπισθε | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἅρματος | case | medium | Postposition governing τοῦ ἅρματος; analyzed as adverbial adposition. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 9 ἅρματος | det | high | |
| 9 | ἅρματος | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 1 λαβόμενος | obl | medium | Genitive complement of postposition ὄπισθε; phrase modifies the participial circumstance. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 εἶχε | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 πεδήσας | advmod | high | Adverb meaning simultaneously/together. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 πεδήσας | cc | high | Coordinates πεδήσας with the following predicate. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 14 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 14 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 15 πεδήσας | obj | high | Direct object of πεδήσας. |
| 15 | πεδήσας | πεδάω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 19 εἶχε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle coordinated with καί and predicated of the subject of εἶχε. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 εἶχε | cc | high | Coordinates the participial action with εἶχε. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 18 ἡνίοχον | det | high | |
| 18 | ἡνίοχον | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 19 εἶχε | obj | high | Direct object of εἶχε. |
| 19 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 εἶχε | punct | high |