Grammar parses for passage 6.8.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ πύκτην ἄνδρα, γένος μὲν Ἀρκάδα ἐκ Παρρασίων, Δάμαρχον δὲ ὄνομα, οὔ μοι πιστὰ ἦν πέρα γε τῆς ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ νίκης ὁπόσα ἄλλα ἀνδρῶν ἀλαζόνων ἐστὶν εἰρημένα, ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπου μεταβάλοι τὸ εἶδος ἐς λύκον ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τοῦ Λυκαίου Διός, καὶ ὡς ὕστερον τούτων ἔτει δεκάτῳ γένοιτο αὖθις ἄνθρωπος.
The opening accusatives (πύκτην ἄνδρα) identify the boxer as the discourse topic; γένος, Ἀρκάδα, and Δάμαρχον ὄνομα are appositional specification. The two ὡς-clauses report claims rejected as incredible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 πύκτην | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 πύκτην | cc | high | |
| 3 | πύκτην | πύκτης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πιστὰ | obl | medium | With ἄνδρα, identifying the boxer under discussion. |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πύκτην | appos | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 πύκτην | punct | high | |
| 6 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πύκτην | parataxis | medium | Accusative explanatory/appositional phrase is formally nominative neuter. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδα | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένος | appos | high | |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Παρρασίων | case | high | |
| 10 | Παρρασίων | Παράσιος | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀρκάδα | nmod | medium | Ethnic/place name; form is genitive plural. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γένος | punct | high | |
| 12 | Δάμαρχον | Δάμαρχος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πύκτην | appos | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Δάμαρχον | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Δάμαρχον | appos | high | Accusative of specification: named Damarchus. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Δάμαρχον | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 19 ἦν | iobj | high | |
| 18 | πιστὰ | πιστός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject with εἰμί, ‘credible things’. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | πέρα | πέρα | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 τῆς | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘beyond’; with γε and genitive. |
| 21 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 20 πέρα | discourse | high | |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 νίκης | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 νίκης | nmod | high | |
| 25 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πέρα | obl | medium | Genitive complement of πέρα. |
| 26 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 εἰρημένα | nsubj | medium | Relative/interrogative-like neuter plural subject of εἰρημένα. |
| 27 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ὁπόσα | amod | high | |
| 28 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἀλαζόνων | nmod | high | |
| 29 | ἀλαζόνων | ἀλαζών | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ὁπόσα | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying ἀνδρῶν. |
| 30 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 εἰρημένα | cop | high | |
| 31 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V-RMP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἦν | ccomp | high | Perfect passive participle, with εἰσίν understood/expressed. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 εἰρημένα | punct | high | |
| 33 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 μεταβάλοι | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 34 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 35 ἀνθρώπου | case | high | |
| 35 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 μεταβάλοι | obl | high | |
| 36 | μεταβάλοι | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V-2AAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 εἰρημένα | ccomp | high | Optative in reported assertion. |
| 37 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 εἶδος | det | high | |
| 38 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 μεταβάλοι | obj | high | |
| 39 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 λύκον | case | high | |
| 40 | λύκον | λύκος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 μεταβάλοι | obl | high | |
| 41 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 43 θυσίᾳ | case | high | |
| 42 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 θυσίᾳ | det | high | |
| 43 | θυσίᾳ | θυσία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 μεταβάλοι | obl | high | |
| 44 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 Διός | det | high | |
| 45 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 Διός | amod | high | Divine epithet agreeing with Διός. |
| 46 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 θυσίᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 μεταβάλοι | punct | high | |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 54 γένοιτο | cc | high | |
| 49 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 54 γένοιτο | mark | high | Introduces coordinated reported content. |
| 50 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 54 γένοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 51 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 52 ἔτει | nmod | medium | Genitive of reference/time: after these events. |
| 52 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 54 γένοιτο | obl | high | |
| 53 | δεκάτῳ | δέκατος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 52 ἔτει | amod | high | Agrees with ἔτει. |
| 54 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 31 εἰρημένα | conj | high | Coordinated reported optative. |
| 55 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 54 γένοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 56 | ἄνθρωπος | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 54 γένοιτο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γένοιτο. |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high |
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρκάδων λέγεσθαί μοι τοῦτο ἐφαίνετο ἐς αὐτόν, ἐλέγετο γὰρ ἂν καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐπιγράμματος τοῦ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ· ἔχει γὰρ δὴ οὕτως·
The passage contains two coordinated/root-level clauses after punctuation: ἐφαίνετο with infinitival subject λέγεσθαι, followed by explanatory ἐλέγετο ἄν; ἔχει begins a separate clause. The form τοῦτο is parsed as nominative subject of the infinitive, though an accusative-subject analysis is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ̓ | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὴν | μέν | PART | μέν | _ | 10 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Adversative/discourse particle. |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | οὐδέ | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | Negative additive connective. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 Ἀρκάδων | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λέγεσθαί | obl:agent | high | |
| 7 | λέγεσθαί | λέγω | VERB | V--PMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐφαίνετο | csubj | high | Articular-free infinitival subject of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 8 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1-S---D- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of experiencer. |
| 9 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-DNS---A | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 λέγεσθαί | nsubj | medium | Neuter subject of λέγεσθαι; alternatively may be parsed as its accusative subject in an infinitival construction. |
| 10 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-3IIM-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking middle: ‘it seemed/appeared’. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 αὐτόν | case | high | |
| 12 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἐφαίνετο | obl | high | Directional/relational εἰς phrase. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐλέγετο | λέγω | VERB | V-3IIM-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐφαίνετο | parataxis | high | Impersonal passive/middle ‘it would have been said’; modal ἄν is separated. |
| 15 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | γάρ | _ | 14 ἐλέγετο | mark | high | |
| 16 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | ἄν | _ | 14 ἐλέγετο | aux | high | Modal particle with imperfect ἐλέγετο. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | καί | _ | 18 ὑπὸ | cc | medium | Connective/additive particle; scope is the following ὑπό phrase. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 20 ἐπιγράμματος | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἐπιγράμματος | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐπιγράμματος | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐλέγετο | obl:agent | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἐπιγράμματος | det | high | Article introducing a postposed attributive phrase. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 23 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 23 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπιγράμματος | nmod | high | Locative phrase modifying ἐπιγράμματος. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐλέγετο | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-3PIA-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New clause after punctuation; understood subject is the epigram/text. |
| 26 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | γάρ | _ | 25 ἔχει | mark | high | |
| 27 | δὴ | δή | PART | δή | _ | 25 ἔχει | discourse | high | |
| 28 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἔχει | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate/complement: ‘thus/as follows’. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἔχει | punct | high |
υἱὸς Δινύτα Δάμαρχος τάνδʼ ἀνέθηκεν εἰκόνʼ ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας Παρράσιος γενεάν.
Inscriptional-style dedication: Δάμαρχος is the nominative subject of ἀνέθηκεν; υἱὸς Δινύτα and Παρράσιος γενεάν identify him by father and lineage. τάνδʼ εἰκόνʼ is the feminine accusative demonstrative+noun object; ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας marks provenance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Δάμαρχος | appos | high | Patronymic apposition to Δάμαρχος. |
| 2 | Δινύτα | Δινύτας | PROPN | N--MSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 υἱὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive patronymic name; form is compatible with a first-declension masculine genitive. |
| 3 | Δάμαρχος | Δάμαρχος | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | nsubj | high | Personal name and agent of ἀνέθηκεν. |
| 4 | τάνδʼ | ὅδε | DET | P--FAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἰκόνʼ | det | high | Elided form of τήνδε, agreeing with εἰκόνʼ. |
| 5 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative. |
| 6 | εἰκόνʼ | εἰκών | NOUN | N--FAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέθηκεν; elided final vowel. |
| 7 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 8 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | Elided preposition governing Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 8 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N--FSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Παρράσιος | nmod | high | Genitive of origin with ἀπʼ. |
| 9 | Παρράσιος | Παρράσιος | ADJ | A--FSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 γενεάν | amod | medium | Feminine genitive adjective agreeing with γενεάν; means Parrhasian. |
| 10 | γενεάν | γενεά | NOUN | N--FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | obl | medium | Accusative of lineage/description, coordinated semantically with the identifying phrase. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐς τοσοῦτο πεποίηται·
τοῦτο is a neuter nominative subject of πεποίηται; ἐς τοσοῦτο is an extent adjunct. The perfect middle πεποίηται is morphologically ambiguous between middle and passive, with middle preferred by context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NAN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Correlative particle; the expected δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 πεποίηται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τοσοῦτο | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 5 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | PD--SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 πεποίηται | obl | high | Accusative of extent ('to this point/extent'). |
| 6 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive form; middle sense is syntactically plausible here. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πεποίηται | punct | high |