Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 6.8.4

← 6.8.3 6.8.5 →

Passage 6.8.4

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

121Greek tokens

3,505input tokens

8,604output tokens

Sentence 1

6.8.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 29
Input: 886
Output: 2,196
Total: 3,082

Κλεωναίῳ δὲ Τιμάνθει παγκρατίου λαβόντι ἐν ἀνδράσι στέφανον καὶ Τροιζηνίῳ Βαύκιδι παλαιστὰς καταβαλόντι ἄνδρας, τῷ μὲν τοῦ Ἀθηναίου Μύρωνος , Βαύκιδι δὲ Ναυκύδους ἐστὶν ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἔργον.

The dative participial phrases Τιμάνθει ... λαβόντι and Βαύκιδι ... καταβαλόντι introduce the two athletes; the main clause identifies the statue as the work of Myron for the first and Naucydes for Baucis.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Κλεωναίῳ	Κλεωναῖος	PROPN	Nbmsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 λαβόντι	obl	medium	Dative personal name, coordinated with Τροιζηνίῳ Βαύκιδι; dependent on λαβόντι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	5 λαβόντι	cc	high
3	Τιμάνθει	Τιμάνθης	PROPN	Nbmsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 λαβόντι	nsubj	medium	Dative subject of the participle λαβόντι.
4	παγκρατίου	παγκράτιον	NOUN	Nnsg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 λαβόντι	obl	high	Genitive of the athletic event.
5	λαβόντι	λαμβάνω	VERB	Vpapdm-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	25 ἐστὶν	advcl	medium	Aorist participle in a dative absolute-like descriptive construction.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	7 ἀνδράσι	case	high
7	ἀνδράσι	ἀνήρ	NOUN	Npd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 λαβόντι	obl	high	ἔν ἀνδράσι, among men/competitors.
8	στέφανον	στέφανος	NOUN	Nasm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 λαβόντι	obj	high
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 καταβαλόντι	cc	high
10	Τροιζηνίῳ	Τροιζήνιος	PROPN	Nbmsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 καταβαλόντι	obl	medium	Dative personal name, coordinated semantically with Κλεωναίῳ.
11	Βαύκιδι	Βαῦκις	PROPN	Nbmsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 καταβαλόντι	nsubj	medium	Dative subject of καταβαλόντι.
12	παλαιστὰς	παλαιστής	NOUN	Npam	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἄνδρας	amod	low	Likely adjective-like/elliptical athletic term; form may be intended as παλαιστάς, agreeing with ἄνδρας.
13	καταβαλόντι	καταβάλλω	VERB	Vpapdm-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	25 ἐστὶν	advcl	high	Aorist participle coordinated with λαβόντι.
14	ἄνδρας	ἀνήρ	NOUN	Npam	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 καταβαλόντι	obj	high
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐστὶν	punct	high
16	τῷ	ὁ	DET	R---dm-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 Μύρωνος	det	high	Article in the dative phrase τῷ ... Μύρωνος.
17	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	25 ἐστὶν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 23.
18	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	R---gm-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 Μύρωνος	det	high
19	Ἀθηναίου	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	Nbmg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 Μύρωνος	amod	high	Ethnic name modifying Μύρωνος.
20	Μύρωνος	Μύρων	PROPN	Nbmg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἔργον	nmod	medium	Genitive of the sculptor; phrase τῷ ... Μύρωνος describes the statue.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐστὶν	punct	high
22	Βαύκιδι	Βαῦκις	PROPN	Nbmsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἔργον	obl	high	Dative possessor/beneficiary: the statue for Baucis.
23	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 ἐστὶν	cc	high	Correlative with μέν.
24	Ναυκύδους	Ναυκύδης	PROPN	Nbmg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἔργον	nmod	high	Genitive of the sculptor.
25	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V3spia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
26	ὁ	ὁ	DET	R---nm-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	27 ἀνδριὰς	det	high
27	ἀνδριὰς	ἀνδριάς	NOUN	Nnsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστίν.
28	ἔργον	ἔργον	NOUN	Nasn	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ἐστὶν	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative with εἰμί; ὁ ἀνδριάς ἔργον means the statue is the work of the named sculptor.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐστὶν	punct	high

Sentence 2

6.8.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 47
Input: 1,058
Output: 3,074
Total: 4,132

τῷ δὲ Τιμάνθει τὸ τέλος τοῦ βίου συμβῆναί φασιν ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τοιᾷδε. πεπαῦσθαι μὲν ἀθλοῦντα, ἀποπειρᾶσθαι δὲ ὅμως αὐτὸν ἔτι τῆς ἰσχύος, τόξον μέγα ἐπὶ ἑκάστης τείνοντα τῆς ἡμέρας, ἀποδημῆσαί τε δὴ αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ τόξῳ τηνικαῦτα ἐκλειφθῆναί οἱ τὴν μελέτην·

The passage contains coordinated accusative-and-infinitive/reporting structures with elliptical continuation; attachments of πεπαῦσθαι/ἀποπειρᾶσθαι and the later infinitives are therefore somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-d--------	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Τιμάνθει	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 συμβῆναί	cc	high
3	Τιμάνθει	Τιμάνθης	PROPN	Ne-d----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 συμβῆναί	obl	high
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-snn----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 τέλος	det	high
5	τέλος	τέλος	NOUN	N-snn----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 συμβῆναί	nsubj	high
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-sgg----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 βίου	det	high
7	βίου	βίος	NOUN	N-sgm----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 τέλος	nmod	high
8	συμβῆναί	συμβαίνω	VERB	V--ana---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	9 φασιν	ccomp	high
9	φασιν	φημί	VERB	V-ipaia--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
10	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	11 αἰτίᾳ	case	high
11	αἰτίᾳ	αἰτία	NOUN	N-sfd----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 συμβῆναί	obl	high
12	τοιᾷδε	τοιόσδε	ADJ	A-sfd----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 αἰτίᾳ	amod	high
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 φασιν	punct	high
14	πεπαῦσθαι	παύω	VERB	V--rna---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	xcomp	medium	Infinitive in reported explanation; exact attachment is elliptical.
15	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	14 πεπαῦσθαι	advmod	high
16	ἀθλοῦντα	ἀθλέω	VERB	V-sppama-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	14 πεπαῦσθαι	advcl	high	Accusative participle with understood subject.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 πεπαῦσθαι	punct	high
18	ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	ἀποπειράομαι	VERB	V--pnma---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	34 ἀποδημῆσαί	xcomp	medium	Coordinated reported infinitive; larger attachment is syntactically elliptical.
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	cc	high
20	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	D--------	_	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	advmod	high
21	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	obj	high
22	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	advmod	high
23	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 ἰσχύος	det	high
24	ἰσχύος	ἰσχύς	NOUN	N-sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	obl	high	Genitive governed by ἀποπειρᾶσθαι.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	punct	high
26	τόξον	τόξον	NOUN	N-san----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 τείνοντα	obj	high
27	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	A-san----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 τόξον	amod	high
28	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	29 ἑκάστης	case	high
29	ἑκάστης	ἕκαστος	ADJ	A-sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἡμέρας	det	high
30	τείνοντα	τείνω	VERB	V-sppama-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	advcl	high	Accusative participle sharing subject with αὐτόν.
31	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἡμέρας	det	high
32	ἡμέρας	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	30 τείνοντα	obl	high	Temporal genitive with ἐπί.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀποπειρᾶσθαι	punct	high
34	ἀποδημῆσαί	ἀποδημέω	VERB	V--ana---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	9 φασιν	ccomp	medium	Further infinitive in the reported sequence.
35	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	34 ἀποδημῆσαί	cc	high
36	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	34 ἀποδημῆσαί	advmod	high
37	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	34 ἀποδημῆσαί	obj	high
38	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	43 ἐκλειφθῆναί	cc	high
39	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	41 τόξῳ	case	high
40	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-snd----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	41 τόξῳ	det	high
41	τόξῳ	τόξον	NOUN	N-snd----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 ἐκλειφθῆναί	obl	high
42	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	D--------	_	43 ἐκλειφθῆναί	advmod	high
43	ἐκλειφθῆναί	ἐκλείπω	VERB	V--app---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	34 ἀποδημῆσαί	conj	medium	Coordinated infinitive after τε καί.
44	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	43 ἐκλειφθῆναί	iobj	medium	Dative of possession/affected person; form homographic with article.
45	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-saf----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	46 μελέτην	det	high
46	μελέτην	μελέτη	NOUN	N-saf----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	43 ἐκλειφθῆναί	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐκλειφθῆναι.
47	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	9 φασιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

6.8.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 21
Input: 767
Output: 1,593
Total: 2,360

ὡς δὲ ἐπανήκων οὐχ οἷός τε ἔτι τεῖναι τὸ τόξον ἐγίνετο, πῦρ ἀνακαύσας ἀφίησι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν πυρὰν αὑτόν.

Temporal ὡς-clause: after returning, he became no longer able to draw the bow; the main clause has circumstantial participle ἀνακαύσας and object αὑτόν with ζῶντα agreeing predicatively.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἐγίνετο	mark	high	Temporal subordinator.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἐγίνετο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐπανήκων	ἐπανήκω	VERB	V-PAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἐγίνετο	advcl	high	Circumstantial/temporal participle, subject understood with ἐγίνετο.
4	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	Qあ	Polarity=Neg	5 οἷός	advmod	high	Negates the οἷός τε predicate.
5	οἷός	οἷος	ADJ	A-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐγίνετο	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective in the οἷός τε construction.
6	τε	τε	PART	PART	_	5 οἷός	advmod	high	Fixed particle with οἷος, expressing ability/capacity.
7	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	5 οἷός	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the ability predicate.
8	τεῖναι	τείνω	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	5 οἷός	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of οἷός τε.
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ANS	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 τόξον	det	high	Article with τόξον.
10	τόξον	τόξον	NOUN	N-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 τεῖναι	obj	high	Object of τεῖναι.
11	ἐγίνετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the temporal clause.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἀφίησι	punct	high
13	πῦρ	πῦρ	NOUN	N-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἀνακαύσας	obj	high	Object of ἀνακαύσας: having kindled a fire.
14	ἀνακαύσας	ἀνακαίω	VERB	V-AAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	15 ἀφίησι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb.
15	ἀφίησι	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main narrative verb; coordinated with the preceding clause by asyndeton.
16	ζῶντα	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	20 αὑτόν	xcomp	high	Predicative participle agreeing with αὑτόν: alive.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	19 πυρὰν	case	high	Preposition governing πυράν.
18	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AFS	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 πυρὰν	det	high	Article with πυράν.
19	πυρὰν	πυρά	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἀφίησι	obl	high	Goal complement of ἀφίησι.
20	αὑτόν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-3AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	15 ἀφίησι	obj	high	Reflexive direct object of ἀφίησι.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἀφίησι	punct	high

Sentence 4

6.8.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 24
Input: 794
Output: 1,741
Total: 2,535

ὁπόσα δὲ ἤδη τοιαῦτα ἐγένετο ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἢ καὶ ὕστερόν ποτε ἔσται, μανία μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνδρία νομίζοιτο ἂν κατά γε ἐμὴν γνώμην.

Relative ὁπόσα τοιαῦτα ... ἔσται is the topical subject of the modal main clause; μανία and ἀνδρία are predicate nominatives with μᾶλλον ἢ comparative coordination. The plural neuter relative is understood as ‘however many such cases/things’; νομίζοιτο ἂν is potential optative.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁπόσα	ὁπόσος	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high	Substantivized relative adjective; subject of ἐγένετο/ἔσται and topic of the main clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	5 ἐγένετο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D---------	_	5 ἐγένετο	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
4	τοιαῦτα	τοιοῦτος	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἐγένετο	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with γίγνομαι, agreeing with ὁπόσα.
5	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-3AAI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	18 νομίζοιτο	csubj	medium	Relative-clause predicate; singular by attraction or because the neuter plural subject is construed collectively.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R---------	_	7 ἀνθρώποις	case	high	Preposition governing dative.
7	ἀνθρώποις	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ἐγένετο	obl	high	Locative/social domain with ἐν.
8	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C---------	_	12 ἔσται	cc	high	Coordinates the alternative future clause.
9	καὶ	καί	ADV	D---------	_	12 ἔσται	advmod	high	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
10	ὕστερόν	ὕστερον	ADV	D---------	_	12 ἔσται	advmod	high	Temporal adverb, ‘later’.
11	ποτε	ποτε	ADV	D---------	_	12 ἔσται	advmod	high	Indefinite temporal adverb.
12	ἔσται	εἰμί	AUX	V-3FMI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	5 ἐγένετο	conj	medium	Alternative coordinated predicate; singular with collective/neuter plural subject.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 νομίζοιτο	punct	high
14	μανία	μανία	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 νομίζοιτο	nsubj	medium	Predicate nominative or subject complement in the impersonal/elliptical main construction.
15	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	D---------	_	18 νομίζοιτο	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying the predicate classification.
16	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C---------	_	17 ἀνδρία	cc	high	Introduces the second term of the comparison.
17	ἀνδρία	ἀνδρεία	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 μανία	conj	high	Second predicate nominative in μανία μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνδρία.
18	νομίζοιτο	νομίζω	VERB	V-3PMO-S--	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Potential optative with ἄν; passive ‘be considered/judged’.
19	ἂν	ἄν	PART	G---------	_	18 νομίζοιτο	aux	high	Modal particle licensing potential optative.
20	κατά	κατά	ADP	R---------	_	23 γνώμην	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
21	γε	γε	PART	G---------	_	20 κατά	advmod	high	Emphatic restrictive particle.
22	ἐμὴν	ἐμός	DET	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Poss=Yes	23 γνώμην	amod	high	Possessive adjective modifying γνώμην.
23	γνώμην	γνώμη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 νομίζοιτο	obl	high	Accusative object of κατά in the idiom ‘in my opinion’.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	18 νομίζοιτο	punct	high

← 6.8.3 6.8.5 →