Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 6.9.3

← 6.9.2 6.9.4 →

Passage 6.9.3

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5sentences parsed

104Greek tokens

3,887input tokens

7,640output tokens

Sentence 1

6.9.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 17
Input: 731
Output: 1,300
Total: 2,031

Ἀριστεὺς δὲ Ἀργεῖος δολίχου μὲν νίκην ἔσχεν αὐτός, πάλης δὲ ὁ πατὴρ τοῦ Ἀριστέως Χείμων·

The sentence coordinates two clauses: Ἀριστεύς is subject of ἔσχεν, with δολίχου and πάλης as genitives of the contests; the second clause is verbless, with Χείμων as nominative subject/predicate of an understood ἔσχεν and πατὴρ as its appositional description. The attachment of αὐτός is interpreted as emphatic subject modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀριστεὺς	Ἀριστεύς	PROPN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἔσχεν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἔσχεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἀργεῖος	Ἀργεῖος	ADJ	A----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Ἀριστεὺς	amod	high	Ethnic adjective used attributively.
4	δολίχου	δόλιχος	NOUN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 νίκην	nmod	high	Genitive of the race/event in which victory was won.
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	T--------	_	4 δολίχου	advmod	high	Correlative particle paired with the later δέ.
6	νίκην	νίκη	NOUN	N----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἔσχεν	obj	high
7	ἔσχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V--IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	αὐτός	αὐτός	PRON	P-----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	1 Ἀριστεὺς	appos	medium	Emphatic nominative, appositional to the subject; could alternatively be analyzed as a detached emphatic pronoun.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἔσχεν	punct	high
10	πάλης	πάλη	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 Χείμων	nmod	high	Genitive of the athletic event; scope is the elliptical second clause.
11	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 Χείμων	cc	high	Coordinates the elliptical second clause.
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	L----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 πατὴρ	det	high
13	πατὴρ	πατήρ	NOUN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 Χείμων	appos	high	Appositional description of Χείμων.
14	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 Ἀριστέως	det	high
15	Ἀριστέως	Ἀριστεύς	PROPN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 πατὴρ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πατήρ.
16	Χείμων	Χείμων	PROPN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἔσχεν	conj	medium	Subject/predicate of an elliptical coordinated clause, with ἔσχεν understood; attached as a coordinated nominal clause head.
17	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἔσχεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

6.9.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 6
Input: 621
Output: 456
Total: 1,077

ἑστήκασι μὲν δὴ ἐγγὺς ἀλλήλων,

The finite verb ἑστήκασι is the root; μὲν δή are discourse particles, and ἐγγύς governs the genitive reciprocal ἀλλήλων.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἑστήκασι	ἵστημι	VERB	V-3PPA	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect active, intransitive: ‘they stand’.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	粒	_	1 ἑστήκασι	discourse	high	Correlative/discourse particle; counterpart may occur outside this sentence.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	粒	_	1 ἑστήκασι	discourse	high	Emphatic discourse particle.
4	ἐγγὺς	ἐγγύς	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἑστήκασι	advmod	high	Adverbial predicate modifier meaning ‘near’; governs the following genitive.
5	ἀλλήλων	ἀλλήλων	PRON	P-3GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐγγὺς	obl	high	Genitive reciprocal complement of ἐγγύς.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἑστήκασι	punct	high

Sentence 3

6.9.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 43
Input: 993
Output: 2,950
Total: 3,943

ἐποίησε δὲ τὸν μὲν Παντίας Χῖος παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ δεδιδαγμένος Σωστράτῳ, αἱ δὲ εἰκόνες τοῦ Χείμωνος ἔργον ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν δοκιμωτάτων Ναυκύδους , ἥ τε ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ ἡ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Εἰρήνης τὸ ἐν Ῥώμῃ κομισθεῖσα ἐξ Ἄργους.

The sentence contrasts the making of Παντίας with the attribution of Χείμωνος’s images to Ναυκύδης; ἥ τε ... καὶ ἡ ... form a relative coordination, with the second member expressed by the substantivized participle κομισθεῖσα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐποίησε	ποιέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐποίησε	cc	high
3	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Παντίας	det	high
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	5 Παντίας	discourse	high
5	Παντίας	Παντίας	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐποίησε	obj	high	Object of ποιέω; paired with δέ and the following subject clause.
6	Χῖος	Χῖος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Παντίας	appos	high	Ethnic/name apposition identifying Παντίας.
7	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	9 πατρὶ	case	high
8	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 πατρὶ	det	high
9	πατρὶ	πατήρ	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 δεδιδαγμένος	obl	high
10	δεδιδαγμένος	διδάσκω	VERB	V-RMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	5 Παντίας	acl	high	Perfect passive participle, predicated of Παντίας.
11	Σωστράτῳ	Σώστρατος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 δεδιδαγμένος	obl	medium	Dative identifying the father/teacher; exact semantic role is compressed.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐποίησε	punct	high
13	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	15 εἰκόνες	det	high
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἔργον	cc	high	Coordinates the second major predication with the μὲν phrase.
15	εἰκόνες	εἰκών	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ἔργον	nsubj	high
16	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Χείμωνος	det	high
17	Χείμωνος	Χείμων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 εἰκόνες	nmod	high
18	ἔργον	ἔργον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Predicate nominal of ἐστίν; analyzed as a coordinated/paratactic second predication after the first clause.
19	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ἔργον	cop	high
20	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	21 δοκεῖν	iobj	medium	Dative with δοκεῖν, ‘as it seems to me’.
21	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ἔργον	advcl	medium	Infinitival parenthetical construction, ‘to my judgment/as I think’.
22	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 δοκιμωτάτων	det	high
23	δοκιμωτάτων	δόκιμος	ADJ	A-GPM-S	Case=Gen\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 Ναυκύδους	amod	high	Substantival superlative, modifying Ναυκύδους.
24	Ναυκύδους	Ναυκύδης	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἔργον	nmod	medium	Genitive of author/attribution: work of the highly esteemed Naucy̆des; form is morphologically ambiguous in isolation.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἔργον	punct	high
26	ἥ	ὅς	PRON	P-RNF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἔργον	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun referring to an individual image, with τε continuing the coordination.
27	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	26 ἥ	cc	high
28	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	29 Ὀλυμπίᾳ	case	high
29	Ὀλυμπίᾳ	Ὀλυμπία	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ἥ	obl	high
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 ἡ	cc	high
31	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	40 κομισθεῖσα	nsubj	high	Article substantivizing κομισθεῖσα.
32	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	34 ἱερὸν	case	high
33	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 ἱερὸν	det	high
34	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 κομισθεῖσα	obl	high	Destination of κομισθεῖσα.
35	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 Εἰρήνης	det	high
36	Εἰρήνης	Εἰρήνη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἱερὸν	nmod	high
37	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 ἱερὸν	appos	high	Appositional article introducing the locative specification.
38	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	39 Ῥώμῃ	case	high
39	Ῥώμῃ	Ῥώμη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 τὸ	nmod	high
40	κομισθεῖσα	κομίζω	VERB	V-APP-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	26 ἥ	conj	high	Aorist passive participle, coordinated with ἥ and sharing the copular predicate.
41	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	42 Ἄργους	case	high
42	Ἄργους	Ἄργος	PROPN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 κομισθεῖσα	obl	high	Source of transport.
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἔργον	punct	high

Sentence 4

6.9.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 22
Input: 804
Output: 1,639
Total: 2,443

λέγεται δὲ ὡς Ταυροσθένην καταπαλαίσειεν ὁ Χείμων τὸν Αἰγινήτην καὶ ὡς Ταυροσθένης τῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι τῇ ἐφεξῆς καταβάλοι τοὺς ἐσελθόντας ἐς τὴν πάλην

Two coordinated ὡς-clauses depend on λέγεται. The optatives καταπαλαίσειεν and καταβάλοι are oblique optatives in reported speech; ἐφεξῆς is an adverb modifying τῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι. The first clause has Χείμων as subject and Ταυροσθένην as object; the second has Ταυροσθένης as subject and τοὺς ἐσελθόντας as object.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	λέγεται	λέγω	VERB	V3SPI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	1 λέγεται	cc	high
3	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C---------	_	5 καταπαλαίσειεν	mark	high	Introduces the first reported clause.
4	Ταυροσθένην	Ταυροσθένης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 καταπαλαίσειεν	obj	high
5	καταπαλαίσειεν	καταπαλαίω	VERB	V3SAO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 λέγεται	ccomp	medium	Oblique optative in reported speech.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	L-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Χείμων	det	high
7	Χείμων	Χείμων	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 καταπαλαίσειεν	nsubj	high
8	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Αἰγινήτην	det	high
9	Αἰγινήτην	Αἰγινήτης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ταυροσθένην	appos	medium	Appositional epithet/name for Ταυροσθένην.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	5 καταπαλαίσειεν	cc	high
11	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C---------	_	17 καταβάλοι	mark	high	Introduces the coordinated second reported clause.
12	Ταυροσθένης	Ταυροσθένης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 καταβάλοι	nsubj	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 Ὀλυμπιάδι	det	high
14	Ὀλυμπιάδι	Ὀλυμπιάς	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 καταβάλοι	obl	high	Dative of time/occasion.
15	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἐφεξῆς	det	high
16	ἐφεξῆς	ἐφεξῆς	ADV	D---------	_	14 Ὀλυμπιάδι	amod	medium	Adverb used attributively with τῇ Ὀλυμπιάδι.
17	καταβάλοι	καταβάλλω	VERB	V3S-AO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 λέγεται	conj	medium	Oblique optative in the second coordinated reported clause.
18	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	L-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐσελθόντας	det	high
19	ἐσελθόντας	εἰσέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	17 καταβάλοι	obj	high	Substantivized aorist participle.
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R---------	_	22 πάλην	case	high
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 πάλην	det	high
22	πάλην	πάλη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐσελθόντας	obl	high	Object of εἰς with the participle ἐσελθόντας.

Sentence 5

6.9.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 16
Input: 738
Output: 1,295
Total: 2,033

καὶ ὡς ἐοικὸς Ταυροσθένει φάσμα ἐπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐν Αἰγίνῃ φανὲν ἀπαγγείλειε τὴν νίκην.

Optative ἀπαγγείλειε is the finite verb, with ὡς ἐοικὸς introducing an idiomatic inferential/parenthetic qualification; φάσμα is its subject and φανὲν a circumstantial participle. Ταυροσθένει is a dative of reference, while ἐπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας and ἐν Αἰγίνῃ modify the apparition/event.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	13 ἀπαγγείλειε	cc	high
2	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	Adv	_	3 ἐοικὸς	mark	medium	Idiomatic ὡς with ἐοικὸς; classification as subordinator is approximate.
3	ἐοικὸς	ἔοικα	VERB	VPRAP-SNA	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Perfect\|Voice=Active	13 ἀπαγγείλειε	advcl	medium	Perfect participle used impersonally/parenthetically, ‘as is fitting/likely’.
4	Ταυροσθένει	Ταυροσθένης	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	3 ἐοικὸς	iobj	medium	Dative of reference with ἐοικὸς.
5	φάσμα	φάσμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	13 ἀπαγγείλειε	nsubj	high
6	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	9 ἡμέρας	case	high	Elided form of ἐπί.
7	ἐκείνης	ἐκεῖνος	DET	A-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	9 ἡμέρας	det	high
8	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	9 ἡμέρας	det	high
9	ἡμέρας	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	12 φανὲν	obl	high	Temporal genitive within the ἐπί phrase.
10	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	11 Αἰγίνῃ	case	high
11	Αἰγίνῃ	Αἴγινα	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	12 φανὲν	obl	high	Locative dative governed by ἐν.
12	φανὲν	φαίνω	VERB	VPAAN-SNN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	5 φάσμα	acl	high	Agrees with φάσμα; ‘having appeared/been seen’.
13	ἀπαγγείλειε	ἀπαγγέλλω	VERB	V2AAO3S	Mood=Optative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	medium	Third-singular aorist active optative; exact irrealis/reportative force depends on wider context.
14	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	15 νίκην	det	high
15	νίκην	νίκη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	13 ἀπαγγείλειε	obj	high
16	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	13 ἀπαγγείλειε	punct	high

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