Grammar parses for passage 6.9.4
Open translation for this passage
Φίλλην δὲ Ἠλεῖον κρατήσαντα παῖδας πάλῃ Σπαρτιάτης Κρατῖνος ἐποίησε.
The sentence has compressed/elliptical syntax: κρατήσαντα is an accusative participle linked to the accusative phrase around Φίλλην and Ἠλεῖον, while παῖδας is treated as a second object/result complement of ἐποίησε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φίλλην | Φίλλη | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησε | obj | medium | Female personal name, accusative singular; object of ἐποίησε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἠλεῖον | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κρατήσαντα | obj | medium | Accusative masculine singular, substantivized or predicative with κρατήσαντα; denotes an Elean man. |
| 4 | κρατήσαντα | κρατέω | VERB | v-sapmna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 1 Φίλλην | acl | medium | Aorist active participle, agreeing with an understood masculine referent associated with Φίλλην; syntactically awkward/elliptical. |
| 5 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίησε | obj | medium | Accusative plural; second object or result complement of ἐποίησε. |
| 6 | πάλῃ | πάλη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κρατήσαντα | obl | high | Dative of means: in wrestling. |
| 7 | Σπαρτιάτης | Σπαρτιάτης | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κρατῖνος | appos | high | Nominative ethnic noun in apposition to Κρατῖνος. |
| 8 | Κρατῖνος | Κρατῖνος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative singular; subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 9 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | v-saa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἅρμα τὸ Γέλωνος οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ δοξάζειν ἐμοί τε παρίστατο καὶ τοῖς πρότερον ἢ ἐγὼ τὰ ἐς αὐτὸ εἰρηκόσιν, οἳ Γέλωνος τοῦ ἐν Σικελίᾳ τυραννήσαντός φασιν ἀνάθημα εἶναι τὸ ἅρμα.
The sentence contrasts Pausanias’ view with earlier writers’ view; τοῖς πρότερον ἢ ἐγὼ ... εἰρηκόσιν is a substantivized dative participial phrase, while Γέλωνος τοῦ ... τυραννήσαντος is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 δοξάζειν | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article, object of δοξάζειν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 14 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 5 ἅρμα | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 τὰ | nmod | high | Object/topic complement within τὰ ἐς τὸ ἅρμα. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Γέλωνος | det | high | |
| 7 | Γέλωνος | Γέλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἅρμα | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/association. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D---- | Polarity=Neg | 11 δοξάζειν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R---- | _ | 10 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 10 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 δοξάζειν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘in the same way’; κατά governs the accusative. |
| 11 | δοξάζειν | δοξάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 παρίστατο | csubj | high | Articular/topic infinitive functioning as subject of παρίστατο. |
| 12 | ἐμοί | ἐγώ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 14 παρίστατο | iobj | high | Dative experiencer. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 12 ἐμοί | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 14 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal middle, ‘it seemed/occurred’. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 16 τοῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative experiencers. |
| 16 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 εἰρηκόσιν | det | high | Article substantivizing πρότερον εἰρηκόσιν. |
| 17 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A----- | Degree=Cmp | 23 εἰρηκόσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘earlier/formerly’. |
| 18 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | C---- | _ | 17 πρότερον | mark | medium | Comparative/subordinator introducing the temporal comparison. |
| 19 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 23 εἰρηκόσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰρηκόσιν in the understood comparative clause. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 εἰρηκόσιν | obj | high | Substantivized article, object/topic of εἰρηκόσιν. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 22 αὐτὸ | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 22 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 20 τὰ | nmod | high | Object of ἐς, referring to the chariot. |
| 23 | εἰρηκόσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-RAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 16 τοῖς | acl | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with substantivized τοῖς. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 25 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 φασιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the earlier writers. |
| 26 | Γέλωνος | Γέλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 τυραννήσαντός | nmod | high | Subject genitive with the participle τυραννήσαντος. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 τυραννήσαντός | det | high | Article with the genitive absolute participial phrase. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R---- | _ | 29 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 29 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 τυραννήσαντός | obl | high | Locative complement of τυραννήσαντος. |
| 30 | τυραννήσαντός | τυραννέω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 φασιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Γέλωνος; accent reflects phrase context. |
| 31 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Predicate of the relative clause. |
| 32 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative in the infinitival complement. |
| 33 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 31 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασιν. |
| 34 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 35 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject accusative is not used because the copular infinitive has nominative subject in this construction. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 παρίστατο | punct | high |
ἐπίγραμμα μὲν δή ἐστιν αὐτῷ Γέλωνα Δεινομένους ἀναθεῖναι Γελῷον, καὶ ὁ χρόνος τούτῳ τῷ Γέλωνί ἐστι τῆς νίκης τρίτη πρὸς τὰς ἑβδομήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδας·
The first clause is an epigrammatic infinitival construction: ἐπίγραμμα ... ἐστιν with αὐτῷ as dative of possession/reference and ἀναθεῖναι as its infinitive complement; the second ἐστι links χρόνος with τρίτη, while τῆς νίκης is a genitive of relation and πρὸς τὰς ... Ὀλυμπιάδας gives the ordinal's comparison/counting frame. The exact construction of Γελῷον is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pt | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δή | δή | PART | Pt | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference with ἐστίν. |
| 6 | Γέλωνα | Γέλων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀναθεῖναι | obj | high | |
| 7 | Δεινομένους | Δεινομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Γέλωνα | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Γέλωνα. |
| 8 | ἀναθεῖναι | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement in the predicate ἐπίγραμμα ... ἐστίν. |
| 9 | Γελῷον | Γελῷος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀναθεῖναι | obj | low | Elliptical/uncertain accusative; likely an object or epithet associated with ἀναθεῖναι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 χρόνος | det | high | |
| 13 | χρόνος | χρόνος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 Γέλωνί | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with Γέλωνί. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Γέλωνί | det | high | |
| 16 | Γέλωνί | Γέλων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/association with the dating statement. |
| 17 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | conj | high | |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 νίκης | det | high | |
| 19 | νίκης | νίκη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 τρίτη | nmod | high | Genitive of relation: third in relation to the victory. |
| 20 | τρίτη | τρίτος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστι | attr | high | Predicate adjective with χρόνος understood as feminine χρόνος/ἡμέρα-like temporal reckoning. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδας | case | high | |
| 22 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | D-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδας | det | high | |
| 23 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | M-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδας | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying Ὀλυμπιάδας. |
| 24 | Ὀλυμπιάδας | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 τρίτη | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in the temporal/counting expression. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |