Grammar parses for passage 6.9.5
Open translation for this passage
Γέλων δὲ ὁ Σικελίας τυραννήσας Συρακούσας ἔσχεν Ὑβριλίδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς δευτέρας καὶ ἑβδομηκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Τισικράτης ἐνίκα Κροτωνιάτης στάδιον.
Γέλων is the subject of ἔσχεν, with τυραννήσας as a temporal/preceding participle and ὁ Σικελίας as an appositional or descriptive phrase. Ὑβριλίδου ... ἄρχοντος is a genitive absolute; the date phrase is instrumental/temporal, and ἣν introduces an explanatory relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τυραννήσας | det | medium | Article with the participial/descriptive phrase; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Σικελίας | Σικελία | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τυραννήσας | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the participial phrase, likely ‘of Sicily’. |
| 5 | τυραννήσας | τυραννέω | VERB | V-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, anterior to ἔσχεν. |
| 6 | Συρακούσας | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | Ne-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔσχεν; plural form used for Syracuse. |
| 7 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ὑβριλίδου | Ὑβριλίδης | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Q-------- | _ | 11 ἄρχοντος | advmod | high | Correlative particle, paired loosely with δέ at token 14. |
| 10 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Ne-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative dative, ‘at Athens’. |
| 11 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-sppamg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ὑβριλίδου. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-s---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἔτει | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Temporal/instrumental dative. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 δευτέρας | det | high | |
| 17 | δευτέρας | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἑβδομηκοστῆς | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἑβδομηκοστῆς | ἑβδομηκοστός | ADJ | A-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 20 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔτει: ‘in the second year of the ... Olympiad’. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 15 ἔτει | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Pr-saf--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐνίκα | obj | medium | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάδα understood from Ὀλυμπιάδος; object of ἐνίκα. |
| 23 | Τισικράτης | Τισικράτης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 25 | Κροτωνιάτης | Κροτωνιάτης | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Τισικράτης | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Τισικράτης. |
| 26 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Event object, ‘the stadion race’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high |
δῆλα οὖν ὡς Συρακούσιον ἤδη καὶ οὐ Γελῷον ἀναγορεύειν αὑτὸν ἔμελλεν·
Impersonal δῆλα is predicated of the following ὡς-clause; ἀναγορεύειν takes αὑτόν with coordinated predicate accusatives Συρακούσιον and Γελῷον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A- -NN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Neuter plural predicative adjective in an impersonal construction. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause with infinitive. |
| 4 | Συρακούσιον | Συρακούσιος | ADJ | A- -ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative adjective with ἀναγορεύειν, agreeing with αὑτόν. |
| 5 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Γελῷον | cc | high | Coordinates the two predicate accusatives. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 Γελῷον | advmod | high | Negates the second predicate. |
| 8 | Γελῷον | Γελῷος | ADJ | A- -ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 Συρακούσιον | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate accusative, contrasted with Συρακούσιον. |
| 9 | ἀναγορεύειν | ἀναγορεύω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 11 ἔμελλεν | ccomp | high | Infinitival content complement of ἔμελλεν. |
| 10 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3ASM---- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Reflexive | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | obj | high | Reflexive object of ἀναγορεύειν; also understood with the predicate accusatives. |
| 11 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI3S--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb governing the infinitival clause. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἰδιώτης εἴη ἄν τις ὁ Γέλων οὗτος, πατρός τε ὁμωνύμου τῷ τυράννῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁμώνυμος.
The sentence has an elliptical coordinated nominal description: πατρός ... ὁμωνύμου τῷ τυράννῳ and αὐτὸς ὁμώνυμος are parallel predicates/qualifications of Γέλων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἴη | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἴη | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἰδιώτης | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἴη | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative with εἴη. |
| 4 | εἴη | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν. |
| 5 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 4 εἴη | aux | high | Modal particle. |
| 6 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 Γέλων | det | high | Indefinite modifier of the proper name. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Γέλων | det | high | Article with Γέλων. |
| 8 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἰδιώτης | appos | high | Appositional identification of ἰδιώτης. |
| 9 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 Γέλων | det | high | Demonstrative accompanying the name. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | punct | high | |
| 11 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὁμώνυμος | obl | medium | Genitive in an elliptical nominal description; dependent on the following ὁμώνυμος. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πατρός | cc | high | Coordinates the two parallel descriptions. |
| 13 | ὁμωνύμου | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πατρός | amod | medium | Genitive adjective agreeing with πατρός; elliptical relation to Γέλων. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τυράννῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | τυράννῳ | τύραννος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὁμωνύμου | obl | high | Dative of reference with ὁμώνυμος. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὁμώνυμος | cc | high | Coordinates the second parallel description. |
| 17 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 18 ὁμώνυμος | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, ‘he himself’; formally nominative. |
| 18 | ὁμώνυμος | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἴη | conj | medium | Second coordinated nominal predicate, with an elliptical copula. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | punct | high |
Γλαυκίας δὲ Αἰγινήτης τό τε ἅρμα καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι ἐποίησε τὴν εἰκόνα.
Γλαυκίας is the agent/subject; Αἰγινήτης is an appositional ethnonym. The coordinated objects are τό τε ἅρμα and αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι τὴν εἰκόνα, with αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι likely an ethical/dative adjunct or closely associated dative; its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γλαυκίας | Γλαυκίας | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | nsubj | medium | Personal name functioning as agent/subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 11 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Αἰγινήτης | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Γλαυκίας | appos | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally, apposed to the personal name. |
| 4 | τό | ὁ | DET | S---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G | _ | 6 ἅρμα | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 6 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | Nbna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | obj | high | First coordinated accusative object of ἐποίησε. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 13 εἰκόνα | cc | high | Second coordinator of τε ... καί. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---mds | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 εἰκόνα | obl | medium | Dative referring to Gelon; interpreted as an associated/ethical dative, though attachment is uncertain. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Γέλωνι | det | high | |
| 10 | Γέλωνι | Γέλων | PROPN | Nbmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | iobj | high | Dative personal name, recipient/associated person of the making. |
| 11 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V3saa | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκόνα | det | high | |
| 13 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | Nfsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Second coordinated accusative object; τὴν εἰκόνα is associated with Gelon. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησε | punct | high |