Grammar parses for passage 6.9.5
Open translation for this passage
Γέλων δὲ ὁ Σικελίας τυραννήσας Συρακούσας ἔσχεν Ὑβριλίδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς δευτέρας καὶ ἑβδομηκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Τισικράτης ἐνίκα Κροτωνιάτης στάδιον.
The main syntactic difficulty is the sequence of historical genitives and the genitive absolute (Ὑβριλίδου ... ἄρχοντος), plus the relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Σικελίας | det | medium | Likely article with Σικελίας as a genitive proper noun phrase. |
| 4 | Σικελίας | Σικελία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Γέλων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Γέλων. |
| 5 | τυραννήσας | τυραννέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Γέλων | acl | high | Participial modifier of Γέλων. |
| 6 | Συρακούσας | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἔσχεν | obj | medium | Likely object of ἔσχεν in the sense 'held Syracuse'. |
| 7 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | Ὑβριλίδου | Ὑβριλίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of ἄρχοντος. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἄρχοντος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθήνησι | PROPN | _ | Case=Loc|Number=Plur | 11 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Locative adverbial proper name; governs/relates to ἄρχοντος. |
| 11 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχων | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ὑβριλίδου and Ἀθήνῃσιν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔτει | amod | high | Modifies ἔτει. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἔτει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 15 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Dative temporal adjunct. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | Article with Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 17 | δευτέρας | δεύτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Modifies Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἑβδομηκοστῆς | cc | high | Connects numerals/adjectives. |
| 19 | ἑβδομηκοστῆς | ἑβδομηκοστός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Conjoined with δευτέρας. |
| 20 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔτει. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 23 | Τισικράτης | Τισικράτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 24 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 Ὀλυμπιάδος | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 25 | Κροτωνιάτης | Κροτωνιάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Τισικράτης | amod | medium | Appositive or attributive ethnic adjective modifying Τισικράτης. |
| 26 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Object of ἐνίκα. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δῆλα οὖν ὡς Συρακούσιον ἤδη καὶ οὐ Γελῷον ἀναγορεύειν αὑτὸν ἔμελλεν·
The clause after ὡς is best analyzed as content dependent on the evaluative δῆλα; the infinitive phrase depends on ἔμελλεν, with the coordinated adjectives functioning as object/predicative complement of ἀναγορεύειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective in neuter plural, dependent on ἔμελλεν via the infinitival content. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 1 δῆλα | discourse | high | Inferential particle modifying the clause. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 1 δῆλα | mark | high | Introduces the complement/content clause. |
| 4 | Συρακούσιον | Συρακούσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | xcomp | high | Attributive/predicative adjective with implied self-designation. |
| 5 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | advmod | high | Modifies ἀναγορεύειν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Συρακούσιον | cc | medium | Coordinates Συρακούσιον with Γελῷον. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 8 Γελῷον | advmod | high | Negates the second coordinated adjective. |
| 8 | Γελῷον | Γελῷος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Συρακούσιον | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate adjective. |
| 9 | ἀναγορεύειν | ἀναγορεύω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἔμελλεν. |
| 10 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 ἀναγορεύειν | obj | high | Reflexive object of ἀναγορεύειν. |
| 11 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἰδιώτης εἴη ἄν τις ὁ Γέλων οὗτος, πατρός τε ὁμωνύμου τῷ τυράννῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁμώνυμος.
The sentence is an equative statement with an optative potential predicate (εἴη ἄν); the genitive/dative phrase is elliptical and syntactically compressed, so attachment of πατρός τε ὁμωνύμου τῷ τυράννῳ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | discourse | high | Adversative connective introducing the clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀλλὰ | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἰδιώτης | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἴη | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun with εἴη; could be analyzed as predicative nominal. |
| 4 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-3S-POI- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predication in potential/optative construction. |
| 5 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | advmod | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 6 | τις | τις | PRON | Px-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 εἴη | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject of εἴη. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Γέλων | det | high | Article introducing the name. |
| 8 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τις | appos | high | Appositive naming of τις. |
| 9 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 Γέλων | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Γέλων. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τυράννῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ὁμωνύμου; relation to the sentence is slightly elliptical. |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 11 πατρός | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 13 | ὁμωνύμου | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τυράννῳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τυράννῳ in the genitive phrase. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τυράννῳ | det | high | Article with τυράννῳ. |
| 15 | τυράννῳ | τύραννος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πατρός | nmod | medium | Dative in appositional/possessive relation; exact dependency in the ellipsis is uncertain. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ὁμώνυμος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ὁμώνυμος | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun with equative adjective. |
| 18 | ὁμώνυμος | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἴη | conj | high | Coordinated predicate adjective parallel to ἰδιώτης. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἴη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Γλαυκίας δὲ Αἰγινήτης τό τε ἅρμα καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι ἐποίησε τὴν εἰκόνα.
The syntax is straightforward: Γλαυκίας is the subject, with a coordinated pair of objects (ἅρμα and εἰκόνα); αὐτῷ τῷ Γέλωνι is a dative phrase indicating reference/beneficiary, though the exact nuance is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γλαυκίας | Γλαυκίας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Αἰγινήτης | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Γλαυκίας | nmod | high | Ethnic identifier in apposition/modifying Γλαυκίας. |
| 4 | τό | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἅρμα | det | high | Correlative article with ἅρμα. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 τό | cc | medium | Enclitic connective within paired construction. |
| 6 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησε. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Coordinates ἅρμα with εἰκόνα as objects. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 Γέλωνι | det | medium | Likely emphatic/possessive modifier with article in apposition phrase. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Γέλωνι | det | high | Article with Γέλωνι. |
| 10 | Γέλωνι | Γέλων | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | iobj | high | Dative of reference/beneficiary: 'for Gelon himself'. |
| 11 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκόνα | det | high | Article with εἰκόνα. |
| 13 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἐποίησε. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |