Grammar parses for passage 7.1.2
Open translation for this passage
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἀποθανόντος Ἕλληνος Ξοῦθον οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἕλληνος παῖδες διώκουσιν ἐκ Θεσσαλίας, ἐπενεγκόντες αἰτίαν ὡς ἰδίᾳ χρήματα ὑφελόμενος ἔχοι τῶν πατρῴων·
The main syntactic difficulty is the nested genitive absolute plus the ὡς-clause with an optative, where ὑφελόμενος most naturally attaches as a participial circumstance to ἔχοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποθανόντος | obl | high | Temporal dative modifying the participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 διώκουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D--------- | _ | 4 ἀποθανόντος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀποθανόντος. |
| 4 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 12 διώκουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἕλληνος and χρόνῳ. |
| 5 | Ἕλληνος | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 6 | Ξοῦθον | Ξοῦθος | PROPN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 12 διώκουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of διώκουσιν. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-3---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 παῖδες | det | high | Article with λοιποὶ παῖδες. |
| 8 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur | 11 παῖδες | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying παῖδες. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-3---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἕλληνος | det | high | Article with Ἕλληνος. |
| 10 | Ἕλληνος | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 11 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παῖδες. |
| 11 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur | 12 διώκουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of διώκουσιν. |
| 12 | διώκουσιν | διώκω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Θεσσαλίας | case | high | Preposition governing Θεσσαλίας. |
| 14 | Θεσσαλίας | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 12 διώκουσιν | obl | high | Source/origin complement with ἐκ. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 διώκουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐπενεγκόντες | ἐπενέγκω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 12 διώκουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause subject. |
| 17 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπενεγκόντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπενεγκόντες. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 22 ἔχοι | mark | high | Introduces reported explanation/clause. |
| 19 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ὑφελόμενος | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial use: 'privately/by himself'. |
| 20 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plur | 21 ὑφελόμενος | obj | high | Object of ὑφελόμενος. |
| 21 | ὑφελόμενος | ὑφαιρέω | VERB | V-AMP-NSM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 22 ἔχοι | advcl | medium | Participial clause dependent on ἔχοι. |
| 22 | ἔχοι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAO-3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Optative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 18 ὡς | ccomp | high | Verb within the ὡς-clause. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-3---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 πατρῴων | det | high | Article with πατρῴων. |
| 24 | πατρῴων | πατρῷος | ADJ | A-P---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plur | 22 ἔχοι | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, dependent on ἔχοι; sense 'of his paternal possessions'. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 διώκουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ ἐς Ἀθήνας φυγὼν θυγατέρα Ἐρεχθέως ἠξιώθη λαβεῖν καὶ παῖδας Ἀχαιὸν καὶ Ἴωνα ἔσχεν ἐξ αὐτῆς.
The syntax is centered on a participial subject phrase (ὁ … φυγών) with two coordinated finite verbs; the object of λαβεῖν is understood as θυγατέρα Ἐρεχθέως, and παῖδας Ἀχαιὸν καὶ Ἴωνα is the object of ἔσχεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 φυγὼν | nsubj | high | Article used substantivally with participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 φυγὼν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Governed by place name. |
| 4 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 φυγὼν | obl | high | Accusative of motion with preposition. |
| 5 | φυγὼν | φεύγω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἠξιώθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main subject. |
| 6 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἠξιώθη | obj | medium | Object of infinitive λαβεῖν. |
| 7 | Ἐρεχθέως | Ἐρεχθεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of θυγατέρα. |
| 8 | ἠξιώθη | ἀξιόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἠξιώθη | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Coordinates with following verb. |
| 11 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχεν. |
| 12 | Ἀχαιὸν | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παῖδας | amod | high | Modifier of παῖδας. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Ἴωνα | cc | high | Coordinates the second child name. |
| 14 | Ἴωνα | Ἴων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παῖδας | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative under παῖδας. |
| 15 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἠξιώθη | conj | high | Coordinated with ἠξιώθη. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 17 αὐτῆς | case | high | Preposition governing pronoun. |
| 17 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἐξ. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἠξιώθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀποθανόντος δὲ Ἐρεχθέως τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ δικαστὴς Ξοῦθος ἐγένετο ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρχῆς, καὶ---ἔγνω γὰρ τὸν πρεσβύτατον Κέκροπα βασιλέα εἶναι---οἱ λοιποὶ τοῦ Ἐρεχθέως παῖδες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς χώρας αὐτόν·
The sentence combines a genitive absolute, a main clause, and a paratactic explanatory clause containing an accusative-infinitive construction; the dative τοῖς παισίν is semantically loose and likely refers to the affected parties in the opening clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with Ἐρεχθέως. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | Ἐρεχθέως | Ἐρεχθεύς | PROPN | N-P---GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 παισὶν | det | high | Article modifying παισίν. |
| 5 | παισὶν | παῖς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/affected party; syntax of whole clause somewhat loose. |
| 6 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 Ἐρεχθέως | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying Ἐρεχθέως or παισίν by sense. |
| 7 | δικαστὴς | δικαστής | NOUN | N-S---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative/subject with ἐγένετο. |
| 8 | Ξοῦθος | Ξοῦθος | PROPN | N-S---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δικαστὴς | appos | high | Apposition to δικαστής. |
| 9 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 12 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Governed by ἀρχῆς. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 12 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ὑπέρ. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | cc | high | Connects the quoted/explanatory clause to the next main clause. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | ἔγνω | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἐγένετο | parataxis | high | Paratactic explanatory clause. |
| 19 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 πρεσβύτατον | det | high | Article modifying πρεσβύτατον. |
| 21 | πρεσβύτατον | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 βασιλέα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Κέκροπα. |
| 22 | Κέκροπα | Κέκροψ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive εἶναι in accusative-infinitive construction. |
| 23 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of εἶναι. |
| 24 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἔγνω | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔγνω. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔγνω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 λοιποὶ | det | high | Article modifying λοιποί. |
| 29 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 παῖδες | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying παῖδες. |
| 30 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 Ἐρεχθέως | det | high | Article modifying Ἐρεχθέως. |
| 31 | Ἐρεχθέως | Ἐρεχθεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παῖδες. |
| 32 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐξελαύνουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξελαύνουσιν. |
| 33 | ἐξελαύνουσιν | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἐγένετο | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with ἐγένετο. |
| 34 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 36 χώρας | case | high | Governed by χώρας. |
| 35 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 36 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obl | high | Source/location oblique with ἐκ. |
| 37 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξελαύνουσιν. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἐξελαύνουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |