Grammar parses for passage 7.1.5
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἴωνος βασιλείας πολεμησάντων Ἀθηναίοις Ἐλευσινίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων Ἴωνα ἐπαγαγομένων ἐπὶ ἡγεμονίᾳ τοῦ πολέμου,
Genitive absolute constructions frame the conflict: ἐπὶ τῆς Ἴωνος βασιλείας is temporal, πολεμησάντων Ἀθηναίοις Ἐλευσινίων is a genitive absolute, and Ἀθηναίων Ἴωνα ἐπαγαγομένων is a second genitive absolute with Ἴωνα as object and ἐπὶ ἡγεμονίᾳ τοῦ πολέμου expressing purpose/role.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Dem | 7 πολεμησάντων | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 πολεμησάντων | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 βασιλείας | case | high | Temporal ἐπί with genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 βασιλείας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἴωνος | Ἴων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βασιλείας | nmod | high | Proper name in genitive. |
| 6 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N--------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πολεμησάντων | obl | high | Temporal genitive phrase governed by ἐπί. |
| 7 | πολεμησάντων | πολεμέω | VERB | V3AAPGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Head of the first genitive absolute. |
| 8 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πολεμησάντων | iobj | medium | Dative opponent/target with πολεμέω. |
| 9 | Ἐλευσινίων | Ἐλευσίνιος | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πολεμησάντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἐπαγαγομένων | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπαγαγομένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the second genitive absolute. |
| 12 | Ἴωνα | Ἴων | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπαγαγομένων | obj | high | Object of ἐπαγαγομένων. |
| 13 | ἐπαγαγομένων | ἐπάγω | VERB | V3AMPGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 πολεμησάντων | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute, coordinated with the first. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἡγεμονίᾳ | case | high | ἐπί with dative, expressing purpose or charge. |
| 15 | ἡγεμονίᾳ | ἡγεμονία | NOUN | N--------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπαγαγομένων | obl | medium | Dative of purpose/role: leadership of the war. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 17 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἡγεμονίᾳ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive: leadership of the war. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πολεμησάντων | punct | high |
τὸν μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ τὸ χρεὼν ἐπιλαμβάνει, καὶ Ἴωνος ἐν τῷ δήμῳ μνῆμα τῷ Ποταμίων ἐστίν·
The first clause has τὸν μὲν as an accusative topical object, with τὸ χρεών personified as the subject of ἐπιλαμβάνει. In the second clause, Ἴωνος is a genitive possessor of μνῆμα, while τῷ Ποταμίων is a dative of association/attribution with the monument; the final copula links μνῆμα to the locative phrase ἐν τῷ δήμῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιλαμβάνει | obj | medium | Accusative masculine article/pronominal determiner, substantivally used; its referent is understood from context. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | DXS | _ | 1 τὸν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Ἀττικῇ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀττικῇ | det | high | Feminine singular dative article. |
| 5 | Ἀττικῇ | Ἀττική | PROPN | NP-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιλαμβάνει | obl | high | Dative proper name governed by ἐν. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 χρεὼν | det | high | Neuter singular nominative article. |
| 7 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιλαμβάνει | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter noun, ‘necessity/fate’; subject of ἐπιλαμβάνει. |
| 8 | ἐπιλαμβάνει | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπιλαμβάνει | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐστίν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 11 | Ἴωνος | Ἴων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μνῆμα | nmod:poss | high | Genitive possessor: ‘of Ion’. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 14 δήμῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 δήμῳ | det | high | Masculine singular dative article. |
| 14 | δήμῳ | δῆμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μνῆμα | obl | high | Locative dative phrase, ‘in the deme’. |
| 15 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of the copula. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ποταμίων | det | high | Masculine singular dative article. |
| 17 | Ποταμίων | Ποτάμιος | PROPN | NP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μνῆμα | iobj | medium | Dative proper name, likely identifying the Potamian association/person connected with the monument. |
| 18 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπιλαμβάνει | conj | high | Coordinated copular clause; μνῆμα is its subject. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστίν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἀπόγονοι τοῦ Ἴωνος τὸ Ἰώνων ἔσχον κράτος, ἐς ὃ ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἐξέπεσον καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ δῆμος.
The relative clause has ὃ as the accusative goal/object of ἐξέπεσον (ἐς ὃ, ‘until which/at which point’); αὐτοὶ καὶ ὁ δῆμος are coordinated subjects of ἐξέπεσον. The aorist ἔσχον is third-plural here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπόγονοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔσχον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπόγονοι | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἴωνος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἴωνος | Ἴων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπόγονοι | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Ἰώνων | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἰώνων | Ἰών | PROPN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 κράτος | nmod | high | Genitive plural name used attributively in the phrase ‘the Ionian dominion’. |
| 8 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχον | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ὃ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 12 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | RR-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξέπεσον | obl | medium | Relative pronoun governed by ἐς; the construction marks the point/time up to which they were expelled. |
| 13 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Elided form of ὑπό. |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐξέπεσον | obl:agent | high | |
| 15 | ἐξέπεσον | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσχον | acl:relcl | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐξέπεσον | nsubj | high | Substantival/intensive pronoun, coordinated with ὁ δῆμος. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δῆμος | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 20 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξέπεσον | conj | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχον | punct | high |
τοῖς δὲ Ἀχαιοῖς τηνικαῦτα ὑπῆρξε καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐξεληλάσθαι·
The impersonal ὑπῆρξε governs the articular infinitive ἐξεληλάσθαι; τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς and αὐτοῖς are ethical/dative participants, while ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος καὶ Ἄργους gives the sources and ὑπό + genitive the agent. The placement of αὐτοῖς is somewhat emphatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀχαιοῖς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὑπῆρξε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Nb----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὑπῆρξε | iobj | medium | Dative participant with impersonal ὑπάρχω. |
| 4 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ὑπῆρξε | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ὑπῆρξε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V--IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal construction with articular infinitive. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐξεληλάσθαι | cc | high | |
| 7 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 14 ἐξεληλάσθαι | iobj | medium | Emphatic dative, likely co-referential with τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | Ne----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξεληλάσθαι | obl | high | Source/place with ἐκ. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Ἄργους | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | Ne----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Λακεδαίμονος | conj | high | Coordinated with Λακεδαίμονος under ἐκ. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Δωριέων | case | high | |
| 13 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | Nb----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐξεληλάσθαι | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ἐξεληλάσθαι. |
| 14 | ἐξεληλάσθαι | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V--RMPAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 ὑπῆρξε | csubj | high | Articular infinitive, syntactic subject of impersonal ὑπῆρξε. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπῆρξε | punct | high |