Grammar parses for passage 7.1.7
Open translation for this passage
δυνηθέντων δὲ ἔν τε Ἄργει καὶ Λακεδαίμονι τῶν Ἀχαιοῦ παίδων, τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς ἐνταῦθα ἐξενίκησεν Ἀχαιοὺς κληθῆναι·
Genitive absolute δυνηθέντων ... παίδων sets the temporal/circumstantial background; ἐξενίκησεν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with Ἀχαιοὺς as the accusative subject of κληθῆναι and τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ... as the object of ἐξενίκησεν. The exact semantic force of ἐξενίκησεν is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δυνηθέντων | δύναμαι | VERB | V--APP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 10 παίδων | acl | high | Aorist passive participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δυνηθέντων | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἄργει | case | high | Locative preposition governing Ἄργει. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 καὶ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 5 | Ἄργει | Ἄργος | PROPN | N--DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 Λακεδαίμονι | conj | high | Locative dative coordinated with Λακεδαίμονι. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Λακεδαίμονι | cc | high | Coordinates the two place complements. |
| 7 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 δυνηθέντων | obl | high | Second locative dative in the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 παίδων | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιοῦ παίδων. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοῦ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A--GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 10 παίδων | nmod | medium | Genitive patronymic/possessive modifier of παίδων; form is singular genitive. |
| 10 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 ἐξενίκησεν | obl | high | Genitive-absolute nominal anchor with δυνηθέντων. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | Article with ἀνθρώπους. |
| 13 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 ἐξενίκησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐξενίκησεν. |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 15 ἐνταῦθα | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the attributive phrase. |
| 15 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 13 ἀνθρώπους | amod | medium | Locative adverb in an attributive phrase, ‘the people here’; attached to ἀνθρώπους. |
| 16 | ἐξενίκησεν | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 17 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A--APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 18 κληθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κληθῆναι. |
| 18 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V--APN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 16 ἐξενίκησεν | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μέν σφισιν ὄνομα ἦν ἐν κοινῷ, Δαναοὶ δὲ Ἀργείοις ἰδίᾳ.
The sentence contrasts a common name (ὄνομα ἦν) with a name used privately by the Argives; the second clause is verbless with the copula and noun understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὄνομα | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 10 δὲ | cc | high | Correlative μέν awaiting δέ. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ὄνομα | iobj | high | |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | -----NN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal with ἦν. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 κοινῷ | case | high | |
| 7 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A-----DN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὄνομα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘in common’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Δαναοὶ | Δαναός | PROPN | -----MN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἰδίᾳ | nsubj | medium | Second coordinated nominal clause is verbless; copula understood. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 ἦν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 11 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | -----DN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἰδίᾳ | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADJ | A-----DF-- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Δαναοὶ | advmod | medium | Adverbialized feminine dative, ‘privately/separately’; elliptical second clause. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |
τότε δὲ ὑπὸ Δωριέων ἐκπεπτωκότες ἔκ τε Ἄργους καὶ ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο Ἴωσιν αὐτοί τε καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Τισαμενὸς ὁ Ὀρέστου γενέσθαι σύνοικοί σφισιν ἄνευ πολέμου·
The infinitival proposal γενέσθαι takes coordinated nominative subjects αὐτοί ... καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Τισαμενός; σύνοικοι is predicative, while σφισιν is a dative of association.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Δωριέων | case | high | |
| 4 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκπεπτωκότες | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent with passive participle. |
| 5 | ἐκπεπτωκότες | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | advcl | high | Perfect active participle, circumstantial. |
| 6 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἄργους | case | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | PRT | _ | 8 Ἄργους | cc | high | Correlative τε; coordinated source phrase. |
| 8 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκπεπτωκότες | obl | high | Source/place complement of ἐκπεπτωκότες. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Λακεδαίμονος | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκπεπτωκότες | obl | high | Second source/place complement. |
| 12 | ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | ἐπικηρυκεύω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | Ἴωσιν | Ἴων | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | iobj | high | Dative addressee. |
| 14 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 22 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of γενέσθαι in the reported proposal. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | PRT | _ | 14 αὐτοί | cc | high | Correlative coordination. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 βασιλεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates βασιλεύς with αὐτοί. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 βασιλεὺς | det | high | |
| 18 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Co-subject of γενέσθαι. |
| 19 | Τισαμενὸς | Τισαμενός | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 βασιλεὺς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to βασιλεύς. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ὀρέστου | det | high | Article introducing patronymic genitive phrase. |
| 21 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Τισαμενὸς | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, 'of Orestes'. |
| 22 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο. |
| 23 | σύνοικοί | σύνοικος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with γενέσθαι; agrees with the plural subject. |
| 24 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 σύνοικοί | obl | high | Dative of association/reference with σύνοικοι. |
| 25 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 πολέμου | case | high | |
| 26 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Circumstantial genitive phrase, 'without war'. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύοντο | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ Ἰώνων τοὺς βασιλέας ὑπῄει δέος, μὴ Ἀχαιῶν ἀναμιχθέντων αὐτοῖς Τισαμενὸν ἐν κοινῷ βασιλέα ἕλωνται κατά τε ἀνδραγαθίαν καὶ γένους δόξαν.
Main construction: δέος ὑπῄει τινάς τινι, ‘fear came upon the kings of the Ionians’; μὴ introduces a feared possibility, with genitive absolute Ἀχαιῶν ἀναμιχθέντων and subjunctive ἕλωνται. The object Τισαμενόν is coordinated semantically with βασιλέα, while ἐν κοινῷ means ‘in common’; κατά joins the grounds κατά ἀνδραγαθίαν καὶ γένους δόξαν. The person/number of ὑπῄει is formally ambiguous, but singular agrees with δέος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἰώνων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ὑπῄει | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἰώνων | Ἴων | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασιλέας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέας: ‘the kings of the Ionians’. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασιλέας | det | high | |
| 5 | βασιλέας | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπῄει | obj | high | Accusative person affected by ὑπῄει. |
| 6 | ὑπῄει | ὑπέρχομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form may be analyzed as imperfect of ὑπέρχομαι/ὑπείμι; singular agrees with δέος. |
| 7 | δέος | δέος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὑπῄει | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὑπῄει | punct | high | |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | _ | 17 ἕλωνται | mark | high | Negative marker introducing the feared eventuality. |
| 10 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀναμιχθέντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 11 | ἀναμιχθέντων | ἀναμείγνυμι | VERB | V-APP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 ἕλωνται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: ‘after the Achaeans had joined them’. |
| 12 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀναμιχθέντων | obl | high | Dative with ἀναμιχθέντων, ‘joined to them’. |
| 13 | Τισαμενὸν | Τισαμενός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἕλωνται | obj | high | Accusative object of ἕλωνται. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 κοινῷ | case | high | |
| 15 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἕλωνται | obl | medium | Substantival neuter dative, ‘in common’; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τισαμενὸν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with Τισαμενόν: ‘as king’. |
| 17 | ἕλωνται | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AMS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 ὑπῄει | ccomp | high | Subjunctive in the μὴ clause; subject is understood as the kings. |
| 18 | κατά | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ἀνδραγαθίαν | case | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀνδραγαθίαν | cc | high | Correlative/continuative conjunction linking the grounds. |
| 20 | ἀνδραγαθίαν | ἀνδραγαθία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἕλωνται | obl | high | Accusative of respect/ground after κατά. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 δόξαν | cc | high | |
| 22 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 δόξαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δόξαν. |
| 23 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνδραγαθίαν | conj | high | Second coordinated ground, with κατά understood. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὑπῄει | punct | high |