Grammar parses for passage 7.10.12
Open translation for this passage
ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει τριακοσίους ἢ καὶ ἐλάσσονας, οἳ μόνοι περὶ Ἰταλίαν Ἀχαιῶν ἔτι ἐλείποντο, ἀφιᾶσιν, ἀποχρώντως κολασθῆναι σφᾶς ἡγούμενοι.
The quantified accusative τριακοσίους ἢ καὶ ἐλάσσονας is the object of ἀφιᾶσιν, while οἳ introduces a relative clause identifying those Achaeans who still remained in Italy; ἡγούμενοι takes the accusative-and-infinitive construction σφᾶς κολασθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ | ἑπτακαιδέκατος | ADJ | NUM-ORD-Dat.Sg.Masc | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial temporal modifier, ‘later/afterward’. |
| 4 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-Dat.Sg.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 5 | τριακοσίους | τριακόσιοι | NUM | A-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | obj | medium | Accusative quantity, with understood masculine plural referent. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐλάσσονας | cc | high | Alternative coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐλάσσονας | cc | high | Coordinative/emphatic conjunction in the alternative phrase. |
| 8 | ἐλάσσονας | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τριακοσίους | conj | medium | Alternative accusative quantity, coordinated with τριακοσίους; καί is emphatic. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-Rel-Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 ἐλείποντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the Achaeans understood in the quantified object. |
| 11 | μόνοι | μόνος | ADJ | A-Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 οἳ | amod | high | Predicative/emphatic adjective modifying οἳ. |
| 12 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰταλίαν. |
| 13 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 16 ἐλείποντο | obl | high | Locative prepositional phrase. |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-Gen.Pl.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=民族|Number=Plur | 16 ἐλείποντο | nmod | high | Genitive partitive/possessive with οἳ understood as Achaeans. |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 ἐλείποντο | advmod | high | ‘Still/yet’ modifies ἐλείποντο. |
| 16 | ἐλείποντο | λείπω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Med/Pass-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; middle/passive form means ‘were left/remained’. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἀφιᾶσιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘they release/send away’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἀποχρώντως | ἀποχρώντως | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 κολασθῆναι | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the infinitive, likely ‘sufficiently/appropriately’. |
| 21 | κολασθῆναι | κολάζω | VERB | V-Aor-Pass-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 ἡγούμενοι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἡγούμενοι: ‘to be punished’. |
| 22 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-Acc.Pl | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 κολασθῆναι | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 23 | ἡγούμενοι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-Pres-Mid-Part-Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the main-clause subject: ‘thinking/judging’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high |
ὅσοι δὲ ἀποδράντες ᾤχοντο ἢ εὐθὺς ἡνίκα ἀνήγοντο ἐς Ῥώμην ἢ ὕστερον ἐκ τῶν πόλεων ἐς ἃς ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων ἐπέμφθησαν, πρόφασις οὐδεμία ἦν τούτους ἁλόντας μὴ ὑποσχεῖν δίκην.
ὅσοι introduces a relative subject; ᾤχοντο governs the coordinated temporal clauses. The final infinitival construction (πρόφασις ... ἦν τούτους ἁλόντας μὴ ὑποσχεῖν δίκην) means there was no pretext for these men, once captured, not to undergo punishment; τούτους and ἁλόντας are accusative subjects of the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ᾤχοντο | nsubj | high | Relative substantive subject of ᾤχοντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 ᾤχοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποδράντες | ἀποδιδράσκω | VERB | V-APA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ᾤχοντο | advcl | high | Aorist participle, anterior to ᾤχοντο. |
| 4 | ᾤχοντο | οἴχομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 24 ἦν | csubj | medium | Imperfect middle, with ὅσοι as subject; whole relative clause functions substantivally. |
| 5 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἀνήγοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the two temporal alternatives. |
| 6 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 ἀνήγοντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνήγοντο. |
| 7 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἀνήγοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 8 | ἀνήγοντο | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 4 ᾤχοντο | advcl | high | Temporal clause coordinated with the later ἐπέμφθησαν clause. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Ῥώμην | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 10 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνήγοντο | obl | high | Destination. |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ἐπέμφθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second temporal alternative. |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D--------- | _ | 20 ἐπέμφθησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘later’. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 15 πόλεων | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεων. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πόλεων | det | high | Article agreeing with πόλεων. |
| 15 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπέμφθησαν | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 17 ἃς | case | high | Preposition governing the relative pronoun. |
| 17 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | P-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπέμφθησαν | obl | high | Relative destination, antecedent πόλεων. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 19 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | Agent preposition with genitive. |
| 19 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπέμφθησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 20 | ἐπέμφθησαν | πέμπω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 ᾤχοντο | advcl | high | Passive temporal alternative, with πόλεων/ἃς location-source material. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 22 | πρόφασις | πρόφασις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 23 | οὐδεμία | οὐδείς | DET | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πρόφασις | det | high | Negative determiner modifying πρόφασις. |
| 24 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 25 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ὑποσχεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ὑποσχεῖν. |
| 26 | ἁλόντας | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2APA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 τούτους | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with τούτους, ‘having been captured’; lexical form is deponent/intransitive in sense. |
| 27 | μὴ | μή | PART | T--------- | _ | 28 ὑποσχεῖν | advmod | high | Negates the infinitive. |
| 28 | ὑποσχεῖν | ὑπέχω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἦν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement expressing what there was no pretext for. |
| 29 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ὑποσχεῖν | obj | high | Object of ὑποσχεῖν in the idiom δίκην ὑποσχεῖν. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἦν | punct | high |