Grammar parses for passage 7.10.5
Open translation for this passage
βεβαιοῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε τὸν λόγον·
Simple main clause with a dative pronoun and a coordinated demonstrative-object phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βεβαιοῖ | βεβαιόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 βεβαιοῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 βεβαιοῖ | iobj | high | Dative of interest/recipient. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τόδε | cc | high | Connective before demonstrative phrase. |
| 5 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | PDNS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 βεβαιοῖ | obj | high | Demonstrative modifying/introducing the object phrase. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγον | det | high | Definite article. |
| 7 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βεβαιοῖ | obj | high | Direct object core of the phrase. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 βεβαιοῖ | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
Ἀθηναῖοι γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα τὸ ἐν Βοιωτοῖς οὐκ ἐγένοντο Φιλίππου κατήκοοι, ἁλόντων μέν σφισι δισχιλίων, ὡς ἐκρατήθησαν, παρὰ τὸ ἔργον, χιλίων δὲ φονευθέντων·
The sentence has a main clause with two genitive-absolute participial constructions; ἁλόντων σφισι δισχιλίων is syntactically compressed and somewhat uncertain in internal attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X------- | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀτύχημα | case | high | Governed by ἀτύχημα in temporal/comitative phrase. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀτύχημα | det | high | Article modifying ἀτύχημα. |
| 5 | ἀτύχημα | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | N-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Βοιωτοῖς | det | high | Article modifying Βοιωτοῖς. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Βοιωτοῖς | case | high | Case marker for locative phrase. |
| 8 | Βοιωτοῖς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀτύχημα | nmod | medium | Likely locative/adjectival phrase with ἐν; form is dative plural. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | advmod | high | Negation of ἐγένοντο. |
| 10 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verbal root. |
| 11 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κατήκοοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κατήκοοι. |
| 12 | κατήκοοι | κατήκοος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ἐγένοντο; could also be treated as predicative nominal. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | ἁλόντων | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-AAP-OGP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with ἐκρατήθησαν. |
| 15 | μέν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 14 ἁλόντων | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 16 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---DD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest in genitive absolute clause; could be read as part of the absolute construction. |
| 17 | δισχιλίων | δισχίλιοι | NUM | M-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁλόντων | nsubj | medium | Participial subject in genitive absolute. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἁλόντων | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 19 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | mark | high | Introduces causal/as clause. |
| 20 | ἐκρατήθησαν | κρατέω | VERB | V-API-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐγένοντο | advcl | high | Adverbial clause dependent on main verb. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 22 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἔργον | case | high | Case marker with ἔργον. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἔργον | det | high | Article modifying ἔργον. |
| 24 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase; sense likely 'beyond expectation / contrary to outcome'. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 26 | χιλίων | χίλιοι | NUM | M-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 φονευθέντων | nsubj | medium | Participial subject in genitive absolute. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | PART | X-------- | _ | 28 φονευθέντων | discourse | high | Adversative/postpositive particle. |
| 28 | φονευθέντων | φονεύω | VERB | V-APP-OGP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
ἐν Λαμίᾳ δὲ περὶ διακοσίους πεσόντων καὶ οὐ πλέον τι, Μακεδόσιν ἐδουλώθησαν.
The syntax is compressed: a locative ἐν-phrase plus a genitival participial measure phrase modify the passive verb, and Μακεδόσιν is best taken as a dative of agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 2 Λαμίᾳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Λαμίᾳ | Λαμία | PROPN | N--FS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 6 πεσόντων | case | high | Governed by the participle phrase. |
| 5 | διακοσίους | διακόσιοι | NUM | A--MP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πεσόντων | obl | medium | Likely accusative of extent/approximation with περί. |
| 6 | πεσόντων | πίπτω | VERB | PAPGMP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 διακοσίους | amod | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with διακοσίους; syntactically part of a loose genitive absolute-like phrase. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 οὐ | cc | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | _ | 9 πλέον | advmod | high | |
| 9 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | obl | medium | Adverbial use 'no more'. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 πλέον | fixed | low | Could be adverbial enclitic reinforcing πλέον. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--PM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | obl | high | Dative of agent/instrument with passive. |
| 13 | ἐδουλώθησαν | δουλόω | VERB | V3API3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | punct | high |
οὕτω μὲν οὔποτε τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπέλειπον οἱ ἐπὶ προδοσίᾳ νοσήσαντες·
Main clause with postposed nominative subject; the participial phrase ἐπὶ προδοσίᾳ νοσήσαντες modifies οἱ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | discourse | high | correlative particle |
| 3 | οὔποτε | οὔποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπέλειπον | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐπέλειπον | ἐπιλείπω | VERB | V1siia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 νοσήσαντες | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 προδοσίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | προδοσίᾳ | προδοσία | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 νοσήσαντες | obl | high | |
| 10 | νοσήσαντες | νοσέω | VERB | V-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 οἱ | acl | high | participial modifier of the article-noun phrase |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοὺς δὲ ἀνὴρ Ἀχαιὸς Καλλικράτης τηνικαῦτα ἐς ἅπαν ἐποίει Ῥωμαίοις ὑποχειρίους.
The syntax is a causative/resultative accusative with secondary predicate: Ἀχαιοὺς ... ὑποχειρίους ἐποίει Ῥωμαίοις, with Ῥωμαίοις treated as the dative of advantage/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίει | obj | high | Object of ἐποίει; ethnonym used substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίει. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιὸς | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀνήρ. |
| 5 | Καλλικράτης | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | appos | medium | Appositive name identifying ἀνήρ; could also be in loose apposition. |
| 6 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίει | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἅπαν | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαν. |
| 8 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίει | obl | medium | Likely adverbial/prepositional phrase 'entirely'; formally a substantive adjective with ἐς. |
| 9 | ἐποίει | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑποχειρίους | obj | medium | Dative with ὑποχειρίους; likely predicate relation in accusative-dative construction. |
| 11 | ὑποχειρίους | ὑποχείριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίει | xcomp | medium | Secondary predicate complement of ἐποίει; agrees with Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀρχὴ δέ σφισιν ἐγίνετο κακῶν Περσεὺς καὶ ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴ καταλυθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
The syntax is elliptical and appositional: ἀρχὴ is the overt subject, with a following coordinated nominal phrase Περσεὺς καὶ ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴ καταλυθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων; the exact internal relation of Περσεύς is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγίνετο. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐγίνετο | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/advantage with ἐγίνετο. |
| 4 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 ἀρχὴ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἀρχή; possibly partitive or attributive. |
| 6 | Περσεὺς | Περσεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἀρχὴ | appos | low | Syntax is somewhat unclear; taken as appositional/coordinate predicative member in the nominal list. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 Περσεὺς | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 ἀρχὴ | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχή. |
| 9 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 ἀρχὴ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀρχή. |
| 10 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 Περσεὺς | conj | medium | Second conjunct with Περσεὺς under the first ἀρχή/subject phrase. |
| 11 | καταλυθεῖσα | καταλύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ἀρχὴ | amod | high | Participial modifier of ἀρχή. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 13 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 καταλυθεῖσα | obl | high | Agent of passive participle. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |