Grammar parses for passage 7.10.5
Open translation for this passage
βεβαιοῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε τὸν λόγον·
The construction is βεβαιοῖ μοι τὸν λόγον: ‘this also confirms the statement for me’; τόδε is a substantival neuter demonstrative, while τὸν λόγον is the accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βεβαιοῖ | βεβαιόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, ‘confirms/establishes’. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 βεβαιοῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 βεβαιοῖ | iobj | high | Dative of reference or affected participant. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τόδε | cc | high | Coordinates the demonstrative phrase with preceding context. |
| 5 | τόδε | ὅδε | DET | D-DNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 βεβαιοῖ | nsubj | medium | Neuter demonstrative functioning substantivally; subject of βεβαιοῖ. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγον | det | high | Article modifying λόγον. |
| 7 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βεβαιοῖ | obj | high | Accusative object of βεβαιοῖ; τὸν λόγον is the proposition/assertion confirmed. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 βεβαιοῖ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ἀθηναῖοι γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα τὸ ἐν Βοιωτοῖς οὐκ ἐγένοντο Φιλίππου κατήκοοι, ἁλόντων μέν σφισι δισχιλίων, ὡς ἐκρατήθησαν, παρὰ τὸ ἔργον, χιλίων δὲ φονευθέντων·
Main clause: Ἀθηναῖοι οὐκ ἐγένοντο κατήκοοι, with a genitive absolute reporting casualties; ἁλόντων and φονευθέντων are coordinated, while ὡς ἐκρατήθησαν is an explanatory subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Nbmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀτύχημα | case | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----SAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀτύχημα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀτύχημα | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----NAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀτύχημα | det | high | Appositional/article repetition introducing the following attributive phrase. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Βοιωτοῖς | case | high | |
| 8 | Βοιωτοῖς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | Nb-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀτύχημα | nmod | high | Place-name plural, governed by ἐν. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PIAM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle of γίγνομαι, ‘became’. |
| 11 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κατήκοοι | nmod | high | |
| 12 | κατήκοοι | κατήκοος | ADJ | A--p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with genitive complement. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἁλόντων | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--PAPP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐγένοντο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; understood subject is the Athenians. |
| 15 | μέν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἁλόντων | discourse | high | |
| 16 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3-p---d- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 δισχιλίων | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession with δισχιλίων. |
| 17 | δισχιλίων | δισχίλιοι | NUM | M-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁλόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural numeral functioning substantivally, with implicit men captured. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἁλόντων | punct | high | |
| 19 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | mark | medium | Introduces the explanatory/temporal subordinate clause. |
| 20 | ἐκρατήθησαν | κρατέω | VERB | V3PAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 14 ἁλόντων | advcl | medium | Clause under ὡς, loosely explaining the circumstances of capture. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 22 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἔργον | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----SAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 24 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | obl | high | παρὰ τὸ ἔργον means ‘contrary to the expectation/result’. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐκρατήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 26 | χιλίων | χίλιοι | NUM | M-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 φονευθέντων | nsubj | high | Substantival genitive plural numeral in the second coordinated genitive-absolute member. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 28 φονευθέντων | cc | high | |
| 28 | φονευθέντων | φονεύω | VERB | V--PAPP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 14 ἁλόντων | conj | high | Coordinated second participial member of the genitive absolute. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
ἐν Λαμίᾳ δὲ περὶ διακοσίους πεσόντων καὶ οὐ πλέον τι, Μακεδόσιν ἐδουλώθησαν.
The sentence has a difficult quantitative construction: περὶ διακοσίους ... καὶ οὐ πλέον τι is approximately ‘about two hundred, and not more,’ while πεσόντων is best treated as a loosely attached genitive absolute/quantifying participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 Λαμίᾳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Λαμίᾳ | Λαμία | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | cc | high | |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 διακοσίους | case | high | Introduces an approximate accusative numeral phrase. |
| 5 | διακοσίους | διακόσιοι | NUM | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πεσόντων | nsubj | medium | Accusative numeral functioning substantivally, with πεσόντων understood as a genitive absolute/quantifying construction. |
| 6 | πεσόντων | πίπτω | VERB | V--AAPGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, with διακοσίους anomalously or loosely construed as its quantified subject; the text may reflect elliptical counting syntax. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πλέον | cc | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTC | Polarity=Neg | 9 πλέον | advmod | high | |
| 9 | πλέον | πλέον | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative meaning ‘more’; coordinated with the approximate quantity. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | P--NAN-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 πλέον | advmod | medium | Indefinite neuter used adverbially, ‘somewhat/at all’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | obl:agent | high | Dative of agent with the passive verb. |
| 13 | ἐδουλώθησαν | δουλόω | VERB | V-3API-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδουλώθησαν | punct | high |
οὕτω μὲν οὔποτε τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπέλειπον οἱ ἐπὶ προδοσίᾳ νοσήσαντες·
The coordinated particle μὲν anticipates an implicit contrast; οἱ νοσήσαντες is a substantivized article–aorist participle phrase, with ἐπὶ προδοσίᾳ expressing the occasion/cause of their falling ill figuratively (becoming diseased with treachery).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 6 ἐπέλειπον | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘thus/in this way’. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle, anticipating contrast. |
| 3 | οὔποτε | οὔποτε | ADV | D- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἐπέλειπον | advmod | high | Negative temporal adverb, ‘never’. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Ne- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπέλειπον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπέλειπον. |
| 6 | ἐπέλειπον | ἐπιλείπω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active, ‘were leaving/forsaking’; subject follows. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 νοσήσαντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 9 προδοσίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 9 | προδοσίᾳ | προδοσία | NOUN | Ncfsi | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 νοσήσαντες | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, expressing the treacherous condition/cause. |
| 10 | νοσήσαντες | νοσέω | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέλειπον | nsubj | high | Substantivized nominative aorist participle, subject of ἐπέλειπον. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέλειπον | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοὺς δὲ ἀνὴρ Ἀχαιὸς Καλλικράτης τηνικαῦτα ἐς ἅπαν ἐποίει Ῥωμαίοις ὑποχειρίους.
ποιεῖν takes Ἀχαιοὺς as object and ὑποχειρίους as a predicative result complement; Καλλικράτης is the subject, with ἀνήρ and Ἀχαιός appositional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίει | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, accusative plural masculine. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 ἐποίει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Καλλικράτης | appos | high | Appositional noun identifying Καλλικράτης. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιὸς | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A-----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Καλλικράτης | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Καλλικράτης. |
| 5 | Καλλικράτης | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίει | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 6 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἐποίει | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'at that time'. |
| 7 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἅπαν | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαν. |
| 8 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | PRON | A----ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίει | obl | high | Neuter accusative singular of ἅπας, idiomatic object of ἐς. |
| 9 | ἐποίει | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect finite verb. |
| 10 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-----DP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὑποχειρίους | obl | high | Dative complement with ὑποχειρίους, 'subject to the Romans'. |
| 11 | ὑποχειρίους | ὑποχείριος | ADJ | A-----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίει | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative adjective in the causative construction ποιεῖν τινα ὑποχειρίους. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀρχὴ δέ σφισιν ἐγίνετο κακῶν Περσεὺς καὶ ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴ καταλυθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
The sentence has a copular-like γίγνομαι construction: Περσεύς is the subject and κακῶν is a genitive of source/characterization; the coordinated phrase ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴ καταλυθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων is appositional or elaborative, with the participle agreeing with ἀρχή. The exact scope of καὶ is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P----D3P- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐγίνετο | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession: ‘for them’. |
| 4 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | A----GPN- | substantivized=Yes|Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγίνετο | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural genitive, likely source/characterization: ‘of evils’. |
| 6 | Περσεὺς | Περσεύς | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 6 Περσεὺς | cc | medium | Coordinates the following explanatory/appositional phrase with Περσεύς; scope is syntactically somewhat loose. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχὴ | det | high | |
| 9 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀρχὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχή: ‘the rule of the Macedonians’. |
| 10 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Περσεὺς | appos | medium | Appositional/explanatory nominative associated with Περσεύς and the preceding clause. |
| 11 | καταλυθεῖσα | καταλύω | VERB | V--APPNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ἀρχὴ | acl | high | |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 13 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 καταλυθεῖσα | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | punct | high |