Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.11.4

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Passage 7.11.4

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1,577input tokens

3,087output tokens

Sentence 2

7.11.4 sentence 2

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πενίας γὰρ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον Ἀθηναῖοι τηνικαῦτα ἧκον ἅτε ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων πολέμῳ πιεσθέντες μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων.

The syntax is straightforward overall; the main difficulty is the loose genitive/standard phrase πενίας ... μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων and the participial causal clause introduced by ἅτε.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πενίας	πενία	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἧκον	obl	high	Likely genitive of cause/source with ἧκον; syntax somewhat loose.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	8 ἧκον	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	5 ἔσχατον	case	high	Preposition governing the following articular phrase.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	l-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ἔσχατον	det	high	Article with substantivized adjective.
5	ἔσχατον	ἔσχατος	ADJ	a-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἧκον	obl	high	Adverbial accusative with ἐς, ‘to the utmost/extreme’.
6	Ἀθηναῖοι	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἧκον	nsubj	high	Subject of ἧκον.
7	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	D---------	_	8 ἧκον	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
8	ἧκον	ἵκω	VERB	v3ppia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
9	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	G--------	_	13 πιεσθέντες	mark	high	Causal/comparative marker introducing participial clause.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	11 Μακεδόνων	case	high	Preposition with genitive agent.
11	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	PROPN	A-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 πιεσθέντες	obl	high	Agent in passive participial phrase.
12	πολέμῳ	πόλεμος	NOUN	n-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 πιεσθέντες	obl	high	Dative of means/instrument.
13	πιεσθέντες	πιέζω	VERB	v-spppamn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	8 ἧκον	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying the subject.
14	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D---------	_	15 Ἑλλήνων	advmod	high	Intensifies the genitive phrase.
15	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	A-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἧκον	obl	medium	Genitive of comparison/standard with μάλιστα; exact attachment somewhat uncertain.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἧκον	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

7.11.4 sentence 4

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καὶ δόξαντες παθεῖν οὐ δίκαια, καὶ ἐπεστάλη Σικυωνίοις ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς ἐπιβάλλειν σφᾶς Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Ὠρωπίους ζημίαν κατὰ τῆς βλάβης ἧς ἦρξαν τὴν ἀξίαν.

Syntax is partly compressed: the second clause has ἐπεστάλη as main predicate with an infinitival complement ἐπιβάλλειν and several nested oblique phrases; δόξαντες παθεῖν οὐ δίκαια is a participial preface.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	8 ἐπεστάλη	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
2	δόξαντες	δοκέω	VERB	PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 ἐπεστάλη	advcl	high	Aorist active participle, circumstantial.
3	παθεῖν	πάσχω	VERB	AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	2 δόξαντες	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive dependent on δόξαντες.
4	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	5 δίκαια	advmod	high	Negation.
5	δίκαια	δίκαιος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 παθεῖν	obj	medium	Likely neuter plural accusative functioning as object/complement of παθεῖν; context slightly uncertain.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐπεστάλη	punct	high	Punctuation.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	8 ἐπεστάλη	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
8	ἐπεστάλη	ἐπιστέλλω	VERB	API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verbal root.
9	Σικυωνίοις	Σικυώνιος	PROPN	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπεστάλη	obl	high	Dative of recipient/indirect object.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	12 βουλῆς	case	high	Introduces agent phrase.
11	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-SF-G	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 βουλῆς	det	high	Article.
12	βουλῆς	βουλή	NOUN	N-SF-G	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐπεστάλη	obl	high	Genitive with ὑπό as agent.
13	ἐπιβάλλειν	ἐπιβάλλω	VERB	PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 ἐπεστάλη	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive.
14	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-P---A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	13 ἐπιβάλλειν	obj	medium	Likely accusative object of ἐπιβάλλειν; reflexive/personal value uncertain in this context.
15	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἐπιβάλλειν	iobj	high	Dative goal/recipient with ἐπιβάλλειν.
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	17 Ὠρωπίους	case	high	Preposition.
17	Ὠρωπίους	Ὠρωπίος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ζημίαν	obl	high	Accusative governed by ἐς.
18	ζημίαν	ζημία	NOUN	N-SF-A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπιβάλλειν	obj	high	Object/complement of ἐπιβάλλειν.
19	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	_	_	21 βλάβης	case	high	Preposition.
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-SF-G	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 βλάβης	det	high	Article.
21	βλάβης	βλάβη	NOUN	N-SF-G	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ζημίαν	nmod	high	Genitive with κατά.
22	ἧς	ὅς	PRON	P-3FSG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	23 ἦρξαν	obj	high	Relative pronoun.
23	ἦρξαν	ἄρχω	VERB	AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 βλάβης	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause modifying βλάβης.
24	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-SF-A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἀξίαν	det	high	Article.
25	ἀξίαν	ἀξία	NOUN	N-SF-A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἦρξαν	obj	high	Accusative object of ἦρξαν.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐπεστάλη	punct	high	Punctuation.

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