Grammar parses for passage 7.11.7
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Ὠρώπιοι καταφεύγοντες ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἐδέοντο τιμωρῆσαί σφισιν·
The Oropians, fleeing to the Achaeans, petitioned them to help them; σφισιν is a dative beneficiary with τιμωρῆσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ὠρώπιοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐδέοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὠρώπιοι | Ὠρώπιος | PROPN | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐδέοντο | nsubj | high | Demonym used substantivally. |
| 4 | καταφεύγοντες | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐδέοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | With accusative, indicating recourse to. |
| 6 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 καταφεύγοντες | obl | medium | Destination/recourse complement of καταφεύγοντες. |
| 7 | ἐδέοντο | δέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τιμωρῆσαί | τιμωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐδέοντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐδέοντο. |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---D-P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 8 τιμωρῆσαί | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural dative; beneficiary of τιμωρῆσαι. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐδέοντο | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοῖς δὲ ἤρεσκε μὴ τιμωρεῖν φιλίᾳ τε καὶ αἰδοῖ τῇ Ἀθηναίων.
The dative Ἀχαιοῖς is the experiencer with impersonal ἤρεσκε; μὴ τιμωρεῖν is its infinitival subject, modified by coordinated datives of motive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἤρεσκε | iobj | high | Dative subject/experiencer with ἤρεσκε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C_____ | _ | 3 ἤρεσκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἤρεσκε | ἀρέσκω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal ἤρεσκε, ‘it pleased/seemed good’. |
| 4 | μὴ | μή | PART | Q_____ | Polarity=Neg | 5 τιμωρεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τιμωρεῖν | τιμωρέω | VERB | V—PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἤρεσκε | csubj | high | Articular-less infinitival clause functioning as the thing pleasing. |
| 6 | φιλίᾳ | φιλία | NOUN | N——D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τιμωρεῖν | obl | medium | Dative of motive/means: ‘out of friendship’. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C_____ | _ | 6 φιλίᾳ | cc | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C_____ | _ | 9 αἰδοῖ | cc | high | Coordinates αἰδοῖ with φιλίᾳ, with τε–καί pairing. |
| 9 | αἰδοῖ | αἰδώς | NOUN | N——D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τιμωρεῖν | obl | medium | Second coordinated dative of motive/means: ‘out of respect’. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne.Gen.Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 αἰδοῖ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on αἰδοῖ: respect for the Athenians. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἤρεσκε | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ὠρώπιοι Μεναλκίδᾳ, Λακεδαιμονίῳ μὲν γένος, στρατηγοῦντι δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε Ἀχαιῶν, ὑπισχνοῦνται δέκα ταλάντων δόσιν, ἤν σφισιν ἐπικουρεῖν Ἀχαιοὺς ἄγῃ·
The participles Λακεδαιμονίῳ ... γένος and στρατηγοῦντι ... Ἀχαιῶν are appositional descriptions of Menalcidas; ἤν introduces a conditional clause with ἄγῃ governing the accusative-and-infinitive-like complement Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπικουρεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-D | PronType=Dem | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Ὠρώπιοι | det | high | |
| 3 | Ὠρώπιοι | Ὠρώπιος | PROPN | A-P---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | Μεναλκίδᾳ | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | N-S---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | iobj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Μεναλκίδᾳ | punct | high | |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμονίῳ | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-S---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 γένος | amod | high | Dative agrees with Μεναλκίδᾳ; predicate/appositional description. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 8 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-S---NN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Μεναλκίδᾳ | appos | medium | Neuter idiom γένος with dative person: ‘by origin’; syntactically appositional. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 γένος | punct | high | |
| 10 | στρατηγοῦντι | στρατηγεῖν | VERB | V-PAP-SDM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Μεναλκίδᾳ | acl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Μεναλκίδᾳ. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 10 στρατηγοῦντι | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 τότε | det | high | |
| 14 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 15 Ἀχαιῶν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb substantivized with article. |
| 15 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---GM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 στρατηγοῦντι | obl | high | Genitive dependent on στρατηγοῦντι: commanding the Achaeans. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 στρατηγοῦντι | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὑπισχνοῦνται | ὑπισχνέομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 19 ταλάντων | nummod | high | |
| 19 | ταλάντων | τάλαντον | NOUN | N-P---NG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 δόσιν | nmod | high | Genitive of quantity. |
| 20 | δόσιν | δόσις | NOUN | N-S---FA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | obj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἤν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C-------- | Mood=Sub | 26 ἄγῃ | mark | high | Contracted/orthographic form of ἐάν. |
| 23 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3-P---D-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 24 ἐπικουρεῖν | iobj | medium | Reflexive dative, referring to the Oropians. |
| 24 | ἐπικουρεῖν | ἐπικουρέω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 26 ἄγῃ | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἄγῃ. |
| 25 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπικουρεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 26 | ἄγῃ | ἄγω | VERB | V3SPSA--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | advcl | high | Aorist-like conditional spelling is not required; form is present subjunctive. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὑπισχνοῦνται | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν χρημάτων μεταδώσειν Καλλικράτει τὸ ἥμισυ ὑπισχνεῖτο, ἰσχύοντι διὰ φιλίαν τὴν Ρωμαίων ἐν Ἀχαιοῖς μέγιστον.
The dative participial phrase ἰσχύοντι ... μέγιστον most naturally modifies Καλλικράτει, while μέγιστον is treated as a degree/predicative modifier of ἰσχύοντι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπισχνεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ὑπισχνεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 χρημάτων | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 χρημάτων | det | high | |
| 5 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 μεταδώσειν | obl | high | Source/origin phrase with ἀπό. |
| 6 | μεταδώσειν | μεταδίδωμι | VERB | V--FAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ὑπισχνεῖτο | ccomp | high | Future infinitive governed by ὑπισχνεῖτο. |
| 7 | Καλλικράτει | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | N---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μεταδώσειν | iobj | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἥμισυ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἥμισυ | ἥμισυς | ADJ | A----ASN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μεταδώσειν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the half’. |
| 10 | ὑπισχνεῖτο | ὑπισχνέομαι | VERB | V-3IIIM---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπισχνεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἰσχύοντι | ἰσχύω | VERB | V-PAPDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Καλλικράτει | acl | medium | Dative participle, likely agreeing with Καλλικράτει and describing his influence/power. |
| 13 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 φιλίαν | case | high | |
| 14 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἰσχύοντι | obl | high | Causal/instrumental phrase with διά. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φιλίαν | det | high | |
| 16 | Ρωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 φιλίαν | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally, ‘of the Romans’. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἀχαιοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἰσχύοντι | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally, ‘among the Achaeans’. |
| 19 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἰσχύοντι | advmod | medium | Superlative predicative/degree complement associated with ἰσχύοντι; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπισχνεῖτο | punct | high |