Grammar parses for passage 7.11.8
Open translation for this passage
προσγενομένου δὲ τοῦ Καλλικράτους πρὸς τὴν Μεναλκίδου γνώμην ἐκεκύρωτο κατὰ Ἀθηναίων ἀμύνειν Ὠρωπίοις.
The opening genitive absolute means “when Callicrates joined Menalcides”; ἐκεκύρωτο is an impersonal perfect middle/passive construction governing ἀμύνειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσγενομένου | προσγίγνομαι | VERB | V--PMPG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐκεκύρωτο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 προσγενομένου | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Καλλικράτους | det | high | |
| 4 | Καλλικράτους | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσγενομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 γνώμην | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γνώμην | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεναλκίδου | Μεναλκίδης | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 γνώμην | nmod | high | Dependent genitive within the opinion phrase. |
| 8 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκεκύρωτο | obl | high | πρός with accusative: in accordance with the opinion. |
| 9 | ἐκεκύρωτο | κυρόω | VERB | V3S-IMI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal perfect middle/passive form; construed with infinitive. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀμύνειν | obl | high | Object of hostile κατά. |
| 12 | ἀμύνειν | ἀμύνω | VERB | V--PAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐκεκύρωτο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐκεκύρωτο. |
| 13 | Ὠρωπίοις | Ὠρώπιος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀμύνειν | iobj | high | Dative of the party defended: aid the Oropians. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκεκύρωτο | punct | high |
καί τις ἐξαγγέλλει ταῦτα ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους· οἱ δὲ ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους εἶχεν ἐς τὸν Ὠρωπὸν ἐλθόντες καὶ αὖθις κατασύραντες εἴ τι ἐν ταῖς προτέραις παρεῖτό σφισιν ἁρπαγαῖς, ἀπάγουσι τὴν φρουράν.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses: τις ἐξαγγέλλει and οἱ ... ἀπάγουσι. In the second, ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους εἶχεν is a manner/temporal clause, followed by conjunct participles ἐλθόντες and κατασύραντες; the εἴ-clause specifies what they removed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἐξαγγέλλει | cc | high | |
| 2 | τις | τις | PRON | P-Indef-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 3 ἐξαγγέλλει | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐξαγγέλλει | ἐξαγγέλλω | VERB | V- pres act ind 3 sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-Pro-N-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἐξαγγέλλει | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐξαγγέλλει | obl | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐξαγγέλλει | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | Art-Nom-Pl-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ἀπάγουσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized article: 'they'. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 31 ἀπάγουσι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 εἶχεν | mark | medium | Introduces a manner/temporal clause with ἕκαστος ... εἶχεν. |
| 12 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | P-Indef-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Genitive of quality/measure in εἶχεν τάχους, 'had speed'. |
| 14 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V- imperf act ind 3 sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 18 ἐλθόντες | advcl | medium | Manner/temporal subordinate verb governing ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους. |
| 15 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | Prep | _ | 17 Ὠρωπὸν | case | high | |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ὠρωπὸν | det | high | |
| 17 | Ὠρωπὸν | Ὠρωπός | PROPN | N-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐλθόντες | obl | high | |
| 18 | ἐλθόντες | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V- aor act ptcp nom pl m | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 ἀπάγουσι | advcl | high | Conjunct participle with οἱ, coordinated in the narrative sequence. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 κατασύραντες | cc | high | |
| 20 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | Adv | _ | 21 κατασύραντες | advmod | high | |
| 21 | κατασύραντες | κατασύρω | VERB | V- aor act ptcp nom pl m | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 ἀπάγουσι | advcl | high | Second conjunct participle, sharing the subject οἱ. |
| 22 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 27 παρεῖτό | mark | high | |
| 23 | τι | τις | PRON | P-Indef-Acc-Sg-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 27 παρεῖτό | obj | high | |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 29 ἁρπαγαῖς | case | high | |
| 25 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Pl-F | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 προτέραις | det | high | |
| 26 | προτέραις | πρότερος | ADJ | A-Dat-Pl-F | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἁρπαγαῖς | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἁρπαγαῖς. |
| 27 | παρεῖτό | παρείμι | VERB | V- imperf act ind 3 sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 21 κατασύραντες | ccomp | medium | εἴ-clause embedded under κατασύραντες; impersonal/elliptical subject, with τι as object. |
| 28 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp-3dat-pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 27 παρεῖτό | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural dative pronoun, likely 'for them'. |
| 29 | ἁρπαγαῖς | ἁρπαγή | NOUN | N-Dat-Pl-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 παρεῖτό | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 κατασύραντες | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἀπάγουσι | ἀπάγω | VERB | V- pres act ind 3 pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-F | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 33 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἀπάγουσι | obj | high | |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἀπάγουσι | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοὺς δὲ ὑστερήσαντας τῆς βοηθείας Μεναλκίδας μὲν καὶ Καλλικράτης ἐσβάλλειν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἔπειθον· ἀνθισταμένων δὲ ἄλλων τε αὐτοῖς καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, ἀνεχώρησεν ὀπίσω τὸ στράτευμα.
The accusative Ἀχαιοὺς with participle ὑστερήσαντας is the object of ἔπειθον; Μεναλκίδας and Καλλικράτης are coordinated subjects. The genitive absolute ἀνθισταμένων ... governs the following main clause, whose subject is τὸ στράτευμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-3P-MAC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔπειθον | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 ἔπειθον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑστερήσαντας | ὑστερέω | VERB | V-AAP-MAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Ἀχαιοὺς | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GFS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 βοηθείας | det | high | |
| 5 | βοηθείας | βοήθεια | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὑστερήσαντας | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑστερήσαντας. |
| 6 | Μεναλκίδας | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔπειθον | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 6 Μεναλκίδας | discourse | high | Correlative particle; δέ is not overtly repeated. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 Καλλικράτης | cc | high | |
| 9 | Καλλικράτης | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μεναλκίδας | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 10 | ἐσβάλλειν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἔπειθον | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἔπειθον. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 Ἀττικὴν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀττικὴν | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀττικὴν | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐσβάλλειν | obl | high | |
| 14 | ἔπειθον | πείθω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔπειθον | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀνθισταμένων | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | V-PMP-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 28 ἀνεχώρησεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with following genitive noun phrase. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 16 ἀνθισταμένων | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀνθισταμένων | nsubj | high | Substantival subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 ἄλλων | cc | high | Coordinates αὐτοῖς with the preceding implied group. |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DMP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ἀνθισταμένων | obl | medium | Dative with ἀνθίσταμαι, ‘opposing them’; αὐτοῖς is coordinated semantically with τῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 ἥκιστα | cc | high | |
| 22 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 16 ἀνθισταμένων | advmod | high | Superlative adverb in the phrase οὐχ ἥκιστα. |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GMP- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Λακεδαίμονος | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 26 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 26 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἄλλων | nmod | high | Genitive plural substantival phrase τῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος; proper name has singular form. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἀνεχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἀνεχώρησεν | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause root after the genitive absolute; coordination with the preceding clause is implicit. |
| 29 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D--------- | _ | 28 ἀνεχώρησεν | advmod | high | |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---ANS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 31 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἀνεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative and accusative are syncretic; syntactically subject of ἀνεχώρησεν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἀνεχώρησεν | punct | high |