Grammar parses for passage 7.12.2
Open translation for this passage
βεβαιοῖ δὴ τὸ λεγόμενον ὡς ἄρʼ ἦν καὶ πῦρ ἐς πλέον ἄλλου πυρὸς καῖον καὶ λύκος ἀγριώτερος λύκων ἄλλων καὶ ὠκύτερος ἱέραξ ἱέρακος πέτεσθαι, εἴγε καὶ Καλλικράτην ἀνοσιώτατον τῶν τότε Μεναλκίδας μὲν ὑπερῆρεν ἀπιστίᾳ,
The syntax is a reported/generalizing statement with a ὡς-clause and a following εἴγε-clause; the comparative series is loosely coordinated and somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βεβαιοῖ | βεβαιόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | F | _ | 1 βεβαιοῖ | discourse | high | Assertive particle. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 λεγόμενον | det | high | Article modifying λεγόμενον. |
| 4 | λεγόμενον | λέγω | VERB | V-PMP-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 βεβαιοῖ | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of βεβαιοῖ. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces indirect statement/content clause. |
| 6 | ἄρʼ | ἄρα | PART | PRT | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | medium | Modal/discourse particle. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 λεγόμενον | ccomp | high | Verb of the content clause after ὡς. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πῦρ | cc | high | Correlative connective. |
| 9 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | First predicative subject in the comparative series. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 πλέον | case | high | Preposition governing πλέον. |
| 11 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-NSN-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate/adverbial complement; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 12 | ἄλλου | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πυρὸς | amod | high | Modifier of πυρός. |
| 13 | πυρὸς | πῦρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 πλέον | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison with πλέον. |
| 14 | καῖον | καίω | VERB | V-PAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 πῦρ | amod | medium | Participial modifier agreeing with πῦρ. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 λύκος | cc | high | Connective for next comparative member. |
| 16 | λύκος | λύκος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | conj | high | Second subject in the series. |
| 17 | ἀγριώτερος | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-NSM-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 λύκος | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying λύκος. |
| 18 | λύκων | λύκος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀγριώτερος | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 19 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 λύκων | amod | high | Modifies λύκων. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ὠκύτερος | cc | high | Connective for third member. |
| 21 | ὠκύτερος | ὠκύς | ADJ | A-NSM-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | conj | high | Third comparative predicate. |
| 22 | ἱέραξ | ἱέραξ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὠκύτερος | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠκύτερος. |
| 23 | ἱέρακος | ἱέραξ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὠκύτερος | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 24 | πέτεσθαι | πέτομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 21 ὠκύτερος | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on comparative adjective. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 26 | εἴγε | εἴγε | SCONJ | COND | _ | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing clause. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | cc | medium | Connective particle with emphasis. |
| 28 | Καλλικράτην | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | obj | high | Object of ὑπερῆρεν. |
| 29 | ἀνοσιώτατον | ἀνόσιος | ADJ | A-ASM-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Καλλικράτην | amod | high | Superlative modifier of Καλλικράτην. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 Μεναλκίδας | det | high | Article with τότε Μεναλκίδας. |
| 31 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 32 Μεναλκίδας | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying Μεναλκίδας. |
| 32 | Μεναλκίδας | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | nsubj | low | Textual form is difficult; likely object/subject within comparison, but case/form is irregular here. |
| 33 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 34 | ὑπερῆρεν | ὑπεραίρω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 26 εἴγε | advcl | high | Main verb of the conditional clause. |
| 35 | ἀπιστίᾳ | ἀπιστία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | obl | high | Dative of respect/cause. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ὑπερῆρεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
Καλλικράτην, ὃς ἐλάσσων παντοίου λήμματος καὶ ἐπὶ οὐδενὶ οἰκείῳ κέρδει πόλει τῇ Ἀθηναίων ἀπηχθημένος παυσάμενον μὲν τῆς ἀρχῆς Μεναλκίδαν ἐδίωκεν ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς θανάτου δίκην·
The clause structure is somewhat tangled, especially the participial modifiers around Καλλικράτην/ὃς and the accusative participle παυσάμενον; I attached the finite verb ἐδίωκεν as root and treated the participial material as modifying the relative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καλλικράτην | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐδίωκεν | obj | high | Proper name, accusative object of ἐδίωκεν. |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Καλλικράτην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 3 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-3NS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 1 Καλλικράτην | acl:relcl | high | Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying Καλλικράτην. |
| 4 | ἐλάσσων | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐδίωκεν | advcl | medium | Likely predicative/adverbial participial-clause equivalent; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | παντοίου | παντοῖος | ADJ | A--SNM-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λήμματος | amod | high | Attributive modifier of λήμματος. |
| 6 | λήμματος | λῆμμα | NOUN | N-GSN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐλάσσων | obl | medium | Genitive complement with ἐλάσσων; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 12 πόλει | case | high | Preposition governing πόλει. |
| 9 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | ADJ | A-DNS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 κέρδει | amod | high | Attributive modifier of κέρδει. |
| 10 | οἰκείῳ | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κέρδει | amod | high | Attributive modifier of κέρδει. |
| 11 | κέρδει | κέρδος | NOUN | N-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πόλει | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπί; semantically linked to πόλει. |
| 12 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐδίωκεν | obl | medium | Dative phrase governed by ἐδίωκεν or attached to surrounding participial syntax. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | Article modifying Ἀθηναίων. |
| 14 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-GPF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 πόλει | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πόλει, 'of the Athenians'. |
| 15 | ἀπηχθημένος | ἀπήχθημένος | VERB | V-PPPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 ὃς | advcl | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with subject of ὃς; lemma/form uncertain but participial function clear. |
| 16 | παυσάμενον | παύω | VERB | V-AMPMSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 Μεναλκίδαν | amod | high | Participial modifier of Μεναλκίδαν. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--- | _ | 16 παυσάμενον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 19 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παυσάμενον | obj | high | Object/complement of παυσάμενον. |
| 20 | Μεναλκίδαν | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐδίωκεν | obj | high | Proper name, object of ἐδίωκεν. |
| 21 | ἐδίωκεν | διώκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 24 Ἀχαιοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀχαιοῖς. |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Ἀχαιοῖς | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιοῖς. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐδίωκεν | obl | high | Locative/temporal-ish oblique with ἐν. |
| 25 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 δίκην | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of δίκην. |
| 26 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐδίωκεν | obj | medium | Accusative of extent/result with ἐδίωκεν; 'to the penalty of death'. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐδίωκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
πρεσβεῦσαί τε γὰρ Ἀχαιῶν ἐναντία ἔφασκεν αὐτὸν ἐς Ῥώμην καὶ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα γενέσθαι πρόθυμον ἐξελέσθαι τὴν Σπάρτην συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν.
The sentence has compressed indirect discourse and an elliptic genitive/infinitival construction, especially around πρεσβεῦσαί, ἐναντία, and ἐξελέσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρεσβεῦσαί | πρεσβεύω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | Gf | _ | 6 ἔφασκεν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Gf | _ | 6 ἔφασκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Np----- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πρεσβεῦσαί | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of πρεσβεῦσαί in partitive/genitive relation; syntax is compressed. |
| 5 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADV | D---- | _ | 6 ἔφασκεν | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial use meaning 'oppositely/contrary'. |
| 6 | ἔφασκεν | φημί | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of infinitive γενέσθαι in indirect discourse. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ῥώμην | case | high | Preposition governing Ῥώμην. |
| 9 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | Np-s---f- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Goal with εἰς. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 11 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates prepositional phrase. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 γενέσθαι | mark | medium | Likely second preposition with infinitival clause, though construction is compressed. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 μάλιστα | det | high | Article with adverbial accusative. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying γενέσθαι. |
| 14 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive in indirect discourse. |
| 15 | πρόθυμον | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with αὐτόν understood. |
| 16 | ἐξελέσθαι | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on γενέσθαι/πρόθυμον. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Σπάρτην | det | high | Article with Σπάρτην. |
| 18 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | Np-s---f- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐξελέσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἐξελέσθαι. |
| 19 | συνεδρίου | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐξελέσθαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐξελέσθαι; likely 'from the council'. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 21 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Np----- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 συνεδρίου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of συνεδρίου. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |