Grammar parses for passage 7.12.4
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι περὶ ἀμφισβητησίμου χώρας καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλήν·
Simple clause: Λακεδαιμόνιοι is the subject of καταφεύγουσιν; περὶ + genitive modifies χώρας, and ἐπὶ + accusative marks the destination of appeal. The final phrase τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλήν is the goal/object of καταφεύγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταφεύγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 χώρας | case | high | |
| 3 | ἀμφισβητησίμου | ἀμφισβητήσιμος | ADJ | A-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρας | amod | high | |
| 4 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Genitive complement of περὶ; attached as the governed oblique phrase. |
| 5 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V3PPAAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 βουλήν | case | high | With accusative, expressing destination or appeal to. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 βουλήν | det | high | |
| 8 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 βουλήν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | βουλήν | βουλή | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Accusative goal/object governed by ἐπὶ; the preposition itself attaches to this noun. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high |
καταφεύγουσι δὲ αὐτοῖς προεῖπεν ἡ βουλὴ δικάζεσθαι τὰ ἄλλα πλὴν ψυχῆς ἐν συνεδρίῳ τῷ Ἀχαιῶν.
The sentence is parsed with προεῖπεν as the root, βουλή as its subject, and δικάζεσθαι as the infinitival complement; καταφεύγουσι is attached as a clausal subject associated with the ruling, though its exact contextual relation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταφεύγουσι | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 προεῖπεν | csubj | medium | Finite verb in the introductory clause; subject is understood plural, likely the people referred to contextually. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 προεῖπεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 προεῖπεν | iobj | medium | Dative of the persons to whom the ruling is announced or applies. |
| 4 | προεῖπεν | προαγορεύω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist of προαγορεύω, with infinitival complement. |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 βουλὴ | det | high | |
| 6 | βουλὴ | βουλή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προεῖπεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | δικάζεσθαι | δικάζω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 προεῖπεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by προεῖπεν; understood subject is αὐτοῖς. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 δικάζεσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the other matters'; object of δικάζεσθαι. |
| 10 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ψυχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ψυχῆς. |
| 11 | ψυχῆς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλα | obl | high | Genitive after πλήν, marking the exception. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 συνεδρίῳ | case | high | |
| 13 | συνεδρίῳ | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 δικάζεσθαι | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 συνεδρίῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συνεδρίῳ | nmod | high | Genitive plural dependent on συνέδριον. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 προεῖπεν | punct | high |
ἡ μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἀπεκρίνατο· Δίαιος δὲ οὐ τὸν ὄντα ἔλεγεν Ἀχαιοῖς λόγον, ψυχαγωγῶν δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔφασκε παρὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων σφίσιν ἐφεῖσθαι βουλῆς καὶ θάνατον ἀνδρὸς καταγνῶναι τῶν ἐκ Σπάρτης.
Δίαιος is the subject of ἔλεγεν and ἔφασκε; ἔφασκε governs coordinated infinitives ἐφεῖσθαι and καταγνῶναι. The participle ψυχαγωγῶν is circumstantial with Δίαιος. ὄντα is substantivized and accusative as the object of ἔλεγεν, contrasting the actual λόγον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπεκρίνατο | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 朩 | _ | 5 ἀπεκρίνατο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D | _ | 5 ἀπεκρίνατο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπεκρίνατο | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἀπεκρίνατο | ἀποκρίνομαι | VERB | V-3-S-AI-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπεκρίνατο | punct | high | |
| 7 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔλεγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἔλεγεν | cc | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | _ | 12 ἔλεγεν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὄντα | det | high | |
| 11 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἔλεγεν | obj | medium | Substantivized participle, 'the existing/actual one'; construed as object of ἔλεγεν. |
| 12 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V-3-S-II-A | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Coordinated main clause after the preceding sentence. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λόγον | nmod | high | Dative with λόγον: the message/claim for the Achaeans. |
| 14 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔλεγεν | obj | high | Object of ἔλεγεν; τὸν ὄντα is a contrasting object phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ψυχαγωγῶν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ψυχαγωγῶν | ψυχαγωγέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἔλεγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Δίαιος. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἔφασκε | cc | high | |
| 18 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ψυχαγωγῶν | obj | high | Object of ψυχαγωγῶν. |
| 19 | ἔφασκε | φημί | VERB | V-3-S-II-A | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 ψυχαγωγῶν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb under the participial/main-clause structure. |
| 20 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 25 βουλῆς | case | high | |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βουλῆς | det | high | |
| 22 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 βουλῆς | nmod | high | Attributive genitive agreeing with τῆς ... βουλῆς. |
| 23 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐφεῖσθαι | iobj | high | Reflexive third-person plural dative, 'for themselves/them'. |
| 24 | ἐφεῖσθαι | ἐφίημι | VERB | V-RPN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 19 ἔφασκε | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle infinitive; coordinated semantically with καταγνῶναι. |
| 25 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐφεῖσθαι | obl | high | Genitive after παρά, source/authority. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 29 καταγνῶναι | cc | high | |
| 27 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 καταγνῶναι | obj | high | Object of καταγνῶναι. |
| 28 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 θάνατον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θάνατον, 'death of a man'. |
| 29 | καταγνῶναι | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἔφασκε | xcomp | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ἐφεῖσθαι. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 32 Σπάρτης | case | high | |
| 32 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 θάνατον | nmod | high | τῶν ἐκ Σπάρτης is a substantival genitive group, 'those from Sparta'. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔλεγεν | punct | high |