Grammar parses for passage 7.12.6
Open translation for this passage
πόλεμός τε δὴ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀμφισβητημάτων τούτων Ἀχαιοῖς καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἤρχετο καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι συνιέντες οὐκ ἀξιόμαχοι πρὸς Ἀχαιοὺς εἶναι πρεσβείαις ἐχρῶντο πρὸς τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν καὶ ἰδίᾳ πρὸς τὸν Δίαιον λόγοις.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: πόλεμος ἤρχετο and Λακεδαιμόνιοι ... ἐχρῶντο; συνιέντες is a circumstantial participle with the Spartans, and εἶναι is infinitival complement of ἀξιόμαχοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πόλεμός | πόλεμος | NOUN | N2MNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἤρχετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 πόλεμός | cc | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἤρχετο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἀμφισβητημάτων | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA---NGN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἤρχετο | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἀμφισβητημάτων | ἀμφισβήτημα | NOUN | N3NPG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἤρχετο | obl | high | |
| 7 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | RD---NGN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀμφισβητημάτων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N1M-PD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἤρχετο | iobj | high | Dative participant/affected party. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N2M-PD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἤρχετο | iobj | high | |
| 11 | ἤρχετο | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V3SIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, here ‘began/was initiated’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἐχρῶντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N2MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐχρῶντο | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | συνιέντες | σύνειμι | VERB | VPPNMPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: ‘realizing/understanding’. |
| 15 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 16 ἀξιόμαχοι | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἀξιόμαχοι | ἀξιόμαχος | ADJ | A1MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι. |
| 17 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 18 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N1MPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀξιόμαχοι | obl | high | Complement of ἀξιόμαχοι. |
| 19 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V9PNAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 συνιέντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by συνιέντες; subject is the Spartans. |
| 20 | πρεσβείαις | πρεσβεία | NOUN | N1FPD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: ‘used embassies’. |
| 21 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V3PIIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 11 ἤρχετο | root | high | Coordinated finite predicate; imperfect middle. |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 24 πόλεις | case | high | |
| 23 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA---AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 24 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N3FPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | |
| 25 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 πόλεις | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: ‘their cities’. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 πρεσβείαις | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative means/targets of χράομαι. |
| 27 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A1FS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 λόγοις | advmod | high | Adverbial dative: ‘privately/individually’. |
| 28 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 30 Δίαιον | case | high | |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Δίαιον | det | high | |
| 30 | Δίαιον | Δίαιος | PROPN | N1MSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 λόγοις | obl | high | Personal name; nominative lemma used. |
| 31 | λόγοις | λόγος | NOUN | N2MPD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: ‘with arguments/speeches’. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high |
αἱ μὲν δὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ αἱ πόλεις ἐποιοῦντο τὰς ἀποκρίσεις, οὔ σφισιν ἔξοδον ἐπαγγέλλοντος στρατηγοῦ παρακούειν εἶναι νόμον· Δίαιος γὰρ ἦρχε τῶν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἔφασκεν οὐ τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τοῖς δὲ ταράσσουσιν αὐτὴν πολεμήσων ἀφίξεσθαι.
The first clause has a compressed infinitival construction: νόμον is the accusative subject of εἶναι, with παρακούειν as its complement; ἐπαγγέλλοντος is a genitive absolute with στρατηγοῦ. In the second clause, Δίαιος is subject of ἦρχε and ἔφασκεν; πολεμήσων is a future active participle expressing intended action with ἀφίξεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D--------- | _ | 8 πόλεις | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D--------- | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 6 αὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 6 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | medium | Substantivized phrase ‘in the same way’; κατά governs the phrase. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 8 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N---NF---2 | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-3IIMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | P---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἀποκρίσεις | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀποκρίσεις | ἀπόκρισις | NOUN | N---AF---3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 13 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 18 παρακούειν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---PD---3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐπαγγέλλοντος | obl | medium | Dative of the persons concerned with ἐπαγγέλλοντος. |
| 15 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N---AF---2 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπαγγέλλοντος | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἐπαγγέλλοντος | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 στρατηγοῦ | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with στρατηγοῦ; its accusative object is ἔξοδον. |
| 17 | στρατηγοῦ | στρατηγός | NOUN | N---GM---2 | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject with ἐπαγγέλλοντος. |
| 18 | παρακούειν | παρακούω | VERB | V-PNA---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 εἶναι | xcomp | high | |
| 19 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 νόμον | cop | high | Copular infinitive in the construction νόμον εἶναι. |
| 20 | νόμον | νόμος | NOUN | N---AM---2 | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 παρακούειν | obj | medium | Accusative predicate/subject of εἶναι; linked to παρακούειν through the infinitival construction. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 22 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N---NM---2 | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἦρχε | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | D--------- | _ | 24 ἦρχε | mark | high | |
| 24 | ἦρχε | ἄρχω | VERB | V-3SIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 28 ἔφασκεν | parataxis | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N---GG---1 | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἦρχε | obl | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἔφασκεν | φημί | VERB | V-3SIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | conj | high | |
| 29 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 31 Σπάρτῃ | advmod | high | Negates the dative phrase τῇ Σπάρτῃ. |
| 30 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P---FD---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | |
| 31 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N---FD---1 | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἀφίξεσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of destination/recipient with ἀφίξεσθαι; οὐ τῇ Σπάρτῃ contrasts with τοῖς ταράσσουσιν αὐτήν. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἀφίξεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 33 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---ND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ταράσσουσιν | det | high | |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 35 ταράσσουσιν | cc | high | |
| 35 | ταράσσουσιν | ταράσσω | VERB | V-PAP-DMP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 ἀφίξεσθαι | obl | high | Substantivized participle, dative plural, coordinated contrastively with τῇ Σπάρτῃ. |
| 36 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P---AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 35 ταράσσουσιν | obj | high | Refers to Sparta. |
| 37 | πολεμήσων | πολεμέω | VERB | V-FAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 ἀφίξεσθαι | advcl | high | Future participle of purpose/intention; subject is understood as Δίαιος. |
| 38 | ἀφίξεσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-FNM---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 28 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἔφασκεν. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |