Grammar parses for passage 7.12.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐρομένων δὲ τῶν γερόντων ὁπόσους ἡγοῖτο ἀδικεῖν, ἐσπέμπει σφίσι τεσσάρων ὀνόματα ἀνδρῶν καὶ εἴκοσι πρωτευόντων τὰ πάντα ἐν Σπάρτῃ.
Absolute genitive ἐρομένων ... τῶν γερόντων sets the circumstance; ὁπόσους ... ἀδικεῖν is an indirect interrogative with omitted object of ἀδικεῖν, and τεσσάρων ... ὀνόματα ... καὶ εἴκοσι πρωτευόντων is the object of ἐσπέμπει, with the numeral phrase specifying the names.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐρομένων | ἔρομαι | VERB | V-PPM/GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 γερόντων | acl | high | Genitive participle in an absolute construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐσπέμπει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 γερόντων | det | high | |
| 4 | γερόντων | γέρων | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐσπέμπει | advcl:abs | high | Genitive absolute together with ἐρομένων. |
| 5 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 6 ἡγοῖτο | obj | high | Indirect interrogative pronoun, object of ἀδικεῖν semantically. |
| 6 | ἡγοῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-OMI-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐρομένων | ccomp | medium | Optative in the indirect question; governs the infinitive ἀδικεῖν. |
| 7 | ἀδικεῖν | ἀδικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἡγοῖτο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἡγοῖτο; understood object is ὁπόσους. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐσπέμπει | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐσπέμπει | εἰσπέμπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἐσπέμπει | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 11 | τεσσάρων | τέσσαρες | NUM | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 ἀνδρῶν | nummod | high | Genitive numeral agreeing with ἀνδρῶν. |
| 12 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐσπέμπει | obj | high | Direct object of ἐσπέμπει. |
| 13 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὀνόματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὀνόματα. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 πρωτευόντων | cc | high | Coordinates τεσσάρων with εἴκοσι. |
| 15 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 16 πρωτευόντων | nummod | medium | Indeclinable numeral, construed as genitive with πρωτευόντων. |
| 16 | πρωτευόντων | πρωτεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνδρῶν | acl | high | Substantival participle: those holding first rank. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 πάντα | det | high | |
| 18 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 πρωτευόντων | obj | high | Substantivized/neuter object of πρωτεύω: excelling in all things. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 20 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πρωτευόντων | obl | high | Locative complement of πρωτευόντων. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐσπέμπει | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα Ἀγασισθένους ἐνίκησε γνώμη δοκίμου καὶ τὰ πρότερα ὄντος, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς παραινέσεως ταύτης προελθόντος καὶ ἐς πλέον δόξης·
The sentence contains an elliptical/genitive-absolute-like participial sequence (ὄντος … προελθόντος); attachment of the genitives and the coordination is consequently somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 3 ἐνίκησε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | Ἀγασισθένους | Ἀγασισθένης | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γνώμη | nmod | high | Proper name in the genitive. |
| 3 | ἐνίκησε | νικάω | VERB | V--AAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active form; governs γνώμη as subject. |
| 4 | γνώμη | γνώμη | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐνίκησε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | δοκίμου | δόκιμος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Ἀγασισθένους | amod | medium | Genitive adjective agreeing with the proper name, with implied characterization. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ὄντος | cc | high | |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πρότερα | det | high | Article with substantivized πρότερα. |
| 8 | πρότερα | πρότερος | ADJ | A--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὄντος | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the earlier matters’; agreement is with the participle. |
| 9 | ὄντος | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐνίκησε | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participial construction; syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὄντος | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 παραινέσεως | case | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 προελθόντος | cc | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 παραινέσεως | det | high | |
| 14 | παραινέσεως | παραίνεσις | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 προελθόντος | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 15 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 παραινέσεως | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with παραινέσεως. |
| 16 | προελθόντος | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ὄντος | conj | medium | Genitive participle coordinated with ὄντος; likely part of a genitive absolute sequence. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 πλέον | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 πλέον | case | high | |
| 19 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A--ASNC | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 προελθόντος | obl | medium | Substantivized comparative with ἐς, ‘to a greater degree’; καὶ coordinates this complement. |
| 20 | δόξης | δόξα | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πλέον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλέον. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνίκησε | punct | high |
ὃς τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους ἐκέλευσεν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος ἐθελοντὰς φεύγειν μηδὲ αὐτοῦ μένοντας ἐργάσασθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ πόλεμον,
Relative clause with ὃς as subject; ἐκέλευσεν governs coordinated infinitival complements φεύγειν and ἐργάσασθαι, with ἐθελοντάς and μένοντας as accusative predicative/participial complements of the implied subjects. The second infinitive means ‘to make war on Sparta’ while remaining there; attachment of αὐτοῦ is locally adverbial (‘there’) and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 5 ἐκέλευσεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἐκέλευσεν. |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἄνδρας | det | high | |
| 3 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκέλευσεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐκέλευσεν and understood subject of the infinitives. |
| 4 | τούτους | οὗτος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἄνδρας | amod | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ἄνδρας. |
| 5 | ἐκέλευσεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 7 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 7 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φεύγειν | obl | high | Source/place complement of φεύγειν. |
| 8 | ἐθελοντὰς | ἐθελοντής | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φεύγειν | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative adjective agreeing with the understood subject of φεύγειν: ‘willingly/voluntarily’; may be analyzed as a secondary predicate. |
| 9 | φεύγειν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐκέλευσεν. |
| 10 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἐργάσασθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with φεύγειν. |
| 11 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | ADV | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 μένοντας | advmod | medium | Adverbial genitive, ‘there/in that place’; form is homonymous with the masculine singular genitive pronoun. |
| 12 | μένοντας | μένω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐργάσασθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with the understood subject of ἐργάσασθαι; temporal/concessive relation. |
| 13 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-ADM | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐκέλευσεν | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement coordinated with φεύγειν. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | |
| 15 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐργάσασθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of hostility/against with ἐργάσασθαι, ‘make war on Sparta’. |
| 16 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐργάσασθαι. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευσεν | punct | high |
φυγόντας δὲ ἐς Ῥώμην καταχθήσεσθαι σφᾶς οὐ μετὰ πολὺ ἔφασκεν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
ἔφασκεν governs an accusative-and-infinitive report: σφᾶς καταχθήσεσθαι, with the participle φυγόντας linked circumstantially to the reported subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φυγόντας | φεύγω | VERB | VAAM-PAM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 καταχθήσεσθαι | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial and coreferential with σφᾶς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ῥώμην | case | high | Variant form ἐς of εἰς. |
| 4 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 φυγόντας | obl | high | Goal of φυγόντας. |
| 5 | καταχθήσεσθαι | κατάγω | VERB | V-FP-N | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Passive | 10 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech governed by ἔφασκεν. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 5 καταχθήσεσθαι | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἔφασκεν | advmod | high | Negates the finite verb. |
| 8 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 πολὺ | case | high | Temporal μετά with accusative. |
| 9 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 10 ἔφασκεν | obl | high | Adverbial temporal accusative in μετὰ πολύ. |
| 10 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | Agent phrase with passive καταχθήσεσθαι. |
| 12 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 5 καταχθήσεσθαι | obl:agent | high | Personal agent of the passive infinitive. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |