Grammar parses for passage 7.12.8
Open translation for this passage
καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀπελθόντες ὑπήγοντο ὑπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν ἐς δικαστήριον τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἦσαν κατεγνωσμένοι·
The main clause has οἱ ἀπελθόντες as subject of ὑπήγοντο; ὑπὸ Σπαρτιατῶν is the agent, while τῷ λόγῳ is an instrumental/dative adjunct. ἦσαν κατεγνωσμένοι governs the complementary infinitive ἀποθανεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ὑπήγοντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀπελθόντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 5 ὑπήγοντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἀπελθόντες | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-aor-act-pcp-nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ὑπήγοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ὑπήγοντο | ὑπάγω | VERB | V-impf-mid-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/passive form, here passive in sense: were brought. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Σπαρτιατῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-Gen-mp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὑπήγοντο | obl:agent | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 δικαστήριον | case | high | |
| 9 | δικαστήριον | δικαστήριον | NOUN | N-Acc-ns | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὑπήγοντο | obl | high | |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-ns | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 11 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-Dat-ms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὑπήγοντο | obl | medium | Likely instrumental/dative of means or manner; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 κατεγνωσμένοι | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-aor-act-inf | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 κατεγνωσμένοι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with κατεγνωσμένοι. |
| 14 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-impf-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 κατεγνωσμένοι | aux | high | |
| 15 | κατεγνωσμένοι | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-perf-mid-part-nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ὑπήγοντο | conj | high | Periphrastic perfect with ἦσαν; coordinated predicate. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπήγοντο | punct | high |
ἀπεστάλησαν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν Καλλικράτης ἐς Ῥώμην καὶ Δίαιος τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐκ Σπάρτης ἀντιδικήσοντες ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς.
The passive verb takes Ἀχαιῶν as an agent phrase; Καλλικράτης and Δίαιος are coordinated nominative subjects. ἀντιδικήσοντες is a future active participle agreeing with the subjects and expressing purpose, with τοῖς φεύγουσιν as its dative complement; ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς is locative/contextual.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπεστάλησαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 Καλλικράτης | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Δίαιος | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 5 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 6 | Καλλικράτης | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ῥώμην | case | high | |
| 8 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Δίαιος | cc | high | |
| 10 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Καλλικράτης | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φεύγουσιν | det | high | |
| 12 | φεύγουσιν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἀντιδικήσοντες | iobj | high | Substantival participle: those fleeing. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Σπάρτης | case | high | |
| 14 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φεύγουσιν | obl | high | Source of flight. |
| 15 | ἀντιδικήσοντες | ἀντιδικέω | VERB | V-FAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | advcl | high | Purpose/result-oriented future participle, agreeing with the coordinated subjects. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 βουλῆς | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 βουλῆς | det | high | |
| 18 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀντιδικήσοντες | obl | high | Context/location: before or in the council. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπεστάλησαν | punct | high |
καὶ αὐτῶν ὁ μὲν κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν Καλλικράτης τελευτᾷ νόσῳ, οὐδὲ οἶδα εἰ ἀφικόμενος ἐς Ῥώμην ὠφέλησεν ἄν τι Ἀχαιοὺς ἢ κακῶν σφισιν ἐγένετο μειζόνων ἀρχή·
Main clause: Καλλικράτης τελευτᾷ νόσῳ; οὐδὲ οἶδα introduces an indirect question with εἰ, whose subject is the understood ἀφικόμενος/Καλλικράτης and coordinated predicates ὠφέλησεν and ἐγένετο. The final ἀρχή is a predicate nominative with ἐγένετο; μειζόνων modifies κακῶν, with σφισιν as dative of disadvantage/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Καλλικράτης | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----G-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 8 Καλλικράτης | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive: one of them. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-----N-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Καλλικράτης | det | high | Article substantivizing the μεν-member. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 Καλλικράτης | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is absent. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ὁδὸν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-----A-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-----A-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τελευτᾷ | obl | high | Temporal/directional phrase: on the journey. |
| 8 | Καλλικράτης | Καλλικράτης | PROPN | Ne----N-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τελευτᾷ | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τελευτᾷ | τελευτάω | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | νόσῳ | νόσος | NOUN | N-----D-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τελευτᾷ | obl | high | Dative of cause or manner. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τελευτᾷ | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 οἶδα | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding statement. |
| 13 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RIA-1S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 τελευτᾷ | parataxis | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning. |
| 14 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ὠφέλησεν | mark | high | Introduces indirect yes/no question dependent on οἶδα. |
| 15 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-N-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ὠφέλησεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, subject understood as Καλλικράτης. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ῥώμην | case | high | |
| 17 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | Ne----A-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | |
| 18 | ὠφέλησεν | ὠφελέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 οἶδα | ccomp | high | First predicate in the indirect question. |
| 19 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | D-------- | _ | 18 ὠφέλησεν | aux | medium | Modal particle with the counterfactual/potential nuance; exact scope is syntactically compressed. |
| 20 | τι | τις | PRON | P---NA-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ὠφέλησεν | obj | high | Accusative of extent or indefinite object: anything. |
| 21 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne----A-P-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ὠφέλησεν | iobj | medium | Accusative beneficiary with ὠφέλησεν; formally accusative rather than dative. |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative predicate. |
| 23 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | A----G-P-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 μειζόνων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, genitive plural neuter. |
| 24 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----D-P-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/disadvantage. |
| 25 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 18 ὠφέλησεν | conj | high | Alternative predicate coordinated with ὠφέλησεν. |
| 26 | μειζόνων | μέγας | ADJ | A----G-P-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 κακῶν | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying κακῶν. |
| 27 | ἀρχή | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----N-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἐγένετο: became a beginning/source. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τελευτᾷ | punct | high |