Grammar parses for passage 7.12.9
Open translation for this passage
καί σφισιν ἀπεκρίνατο ἡ βουλὴ ἀποστέλλειν πρέσβεις, οἳ κρινοῦσιν ὅσα Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς διάφορα ἦν ἐς ἀλλήλους.
The relative clause οἳ κρινοῦσιν contains an embedded nominal/coplanar clause: ὅσα ... διάφορα ἦν; ὅσα is a neuter plural substantive subject, with singular ἦν reflecting the collective/abstract predicate construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun; reflexive-like form in context. |
| 3 | ἀπεκρίνατο | ἀποκρίνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 βουλὴ | det | high | |
| 5 | βουλὴ | βουλή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἀποστέλλειν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | xcomp | high | Infinitive clause complement of ἀπεκρίνατο. |
| 7 | πρέσβεις | πρέσβυς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποστέλλειν | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 10 κρινοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun refers to πρέσβεις. |
| 10 | κρινοῦσιν | κρίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 6 ἀποστέλλειν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying πρέσβεις. |
| 11 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 διάφορα | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural relative substantive, subject of ἦν; semantically ‘the matters which’. |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 διάφορα | iobj | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 διάφορα | conj | high | |
| 15 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἦν | predicative | medium | Predicate adjective with neuter plural subject ὅσα; copular agreement is semantically collective. |
| 16 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 κρινοῦσιν | ccomp | high | Embedded copular clause under κρινοῦσιν. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἀλλήλους | case | high | |
| 18 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 15 διάφορα | obl | high | Prepositional reciprocal phrase dependent on διάφορα. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπεκρίνατο | punct | high |
καὶ τοῖς ἐκ Ῥώμης πρέσβεσι σχολαιτέρα πως ἐγίνετο ἡ ὁδός, ὥστε ἐξαπατᾶν ὑπῆρχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Διαίῳ τε Ἀχαιοὺς καὶ Μεναλκίδᾳ Λακεδαιμονίους·
The main clause is ἡ ὁδός σχολαιτέρα πως ἐγίνετο; ὥστε introduces a result clause with impersonal ὑπῆρχεν + infinitive ἐξαπατᾶν, taking dative personal complements and coordinated accusative peoples.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πρέσβεσι | det | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Ῥώμης | case | high | |
| 4 | Ῥώμης | Ῥώμη | PROPN | Propn-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πρέσβεσι | nmod | high | |
| 5 | πρέσβεσι | πρέσβυς | NOUN | N-Dat-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγίνετο | iobj | high | |
| 6 | σχολαιτέρα | σχολαῖος | ADJ | A-Nom-Sg-F-Comp | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὁδός | amod | high | Predicative comparative adjective agreeing with ὁδός. |
| 7 | πως | πως | ADV | Adv | _ | 6 σχολαιτέρα | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-Impf-Med-Ind-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὁδός | det | high | |
| 10 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ὑπῆρχεν | mark | high | Introduces an ὥστε result construction. |
| 13 | ἐξαπατᾶν | ἐξαπατάω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Inf | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὑπῆρχεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in result construction, with ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 14 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-Impf-Act-Ind-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἐγίνετο | advcl | medium | Impersonal/resultative construction governing ἐξαπατᾶν; exact attachment of the ὥστε clause is syntactically somewhat ambiguous. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 16 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | |
| 17 | Διαίῳ | Διαίος | PROPN | Propn-Dat-Sg-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐξαπατᾶν | iobj | high | Dative person affected/benefited in ἐξαπατᾶν. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 Διαίῳ | cc | high | Correlative τε links the two dative-person/accusative-group phrases. |
| 19 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Propn-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐξαπατᾶν | obj | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CCONJ | _ | 22 Λακεδαιμονίους | cc | high | |
| 21 | Μεναλκίδᾳ | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | Propn-Dat-Sg-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐξαπατᾶν | iobj | high | Dative person affected/benefited in ἐξαπατᾶν. |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Propn-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐξαπατᾶν | obj | high | Accusative group coordinated with Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐγίνετο | punct | high |
τοὺς μὲν δὴ παρῆγεν ὁ Δίαιος ὡς τὰ πάντα ἕπεσθαι Λακεδαιμόνιοί σφισιν ὑπὸ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς εἰσιν ἐγνωσμένοι, Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ ὁ Μεναλκίδας ἠπάτα παντελῶς τοῦ συνεδρεύειν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοὺς ἀπηλλάχθαι.
The first ὡς-clause is textually and syntactically difficult: Λακεδαιμόνιοί is nominative despite the surrounding accusative-infinitive structure, and ἐγνωσμένοι appears loosely appended/periphrastic. The second clause clearly has Μεναλκίδας deceiving the Lacedaemonians by claiming that the Romans had released them from attending the Achaean assembly.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | article-acc-masc-plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παρῆγεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 4 παρῆγεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows in the second clause. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | part | _ | 4 παρῆγεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | παρῆγεν | παράγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of παράγω, with object τοὺς. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Δίαιος | det | high | |
| 6 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | name-nom-masc-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρῆγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | conj | _ | 10 ἕπεσθαι | mark | medium | Introduces an infinitival content/subjective construction after παρῆγεν. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | article-acc-neut-plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πάντα | det | high | |
| 9 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἕπεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἕπεσθαι. |
| 10 | ἕπεσθαι | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 παρῆγεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the ὡς-clause. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμόνιοί | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἕπεσθαι | obl | low | Form is nominative plural, apparently an anomalous or textually difficult element in the infinitival construction; likely intended as a further complement related to ἕπεσθαι. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 ἕπεσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative associated with ἕπεσθαι, though the local syntax is difficult. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 16 βουλῆς | case | high | |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | article-gen-fem-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 βουλῆς | det | high | |
| 15 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 βουλῆς | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, agreeing semantically with Ῥωμαίων βουλή. |
| 16 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγνωσμένοι | obl | high | Agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 17 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐγνωσμένοι | aux | high | Auxiliary in the periphrastic perfect. |
| 18 | ἐγνωσμένοι | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 10 ἕπεσθαι | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle with εἰσιν; syntactically coordinated or loosely appended to the infinitival statement. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἠπάτα | punct | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἠπάτα | obj | high | Object of ἠπάτα. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 24 ἠπάτα | cc | high | Coordinates the second main clause with the first. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Μεναλκίδας | det | high | |
| 23 | Μεναλκίδας | Μεναλκίδας | PROPN | name-nom-masc-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἠπάτα | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | ἠπάτα | ἀπατάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 παρῆγεν | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 25 | παντελῶς | παντελῶς | ADV | adv | _ | 24 ἠπάτα | advmod | high | |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-gen-neut-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 συνεδρεύειν | det | high | Articular infinitive construction. |
| 27 | συνεδρεύειν | συνεδρεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 ἀπηλλάχθαι | xcomp | medium | Articular infinitive dependent on ἀπηλλάχθαι, expressing release from attending. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 30 Ἀχαϊκὸν | case | high | |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-acc-neut-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | |
| 30 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 συνεδρεύειν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, the Achaean [council/assembly]. |
| 31 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 32 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 32 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἀπηλλάχθαι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, agent of ἀπηλλάχθαι. |
| 33 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 34 ἀπηλλάχθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἀπηλλάχθαι. |
| 34 | ἀπηλλάχθαι | ἀπαλλάσσω | VERB | V-RPN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 24 ἠπάτα | ccomp | high | Infinitival content of the deception. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρῆγεν | punct | high |