Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.13.3

Sentence 2

7.13.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 54
Input: 1,133
Output: 3,726
Total: 4,859

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος μᾶλλον ἢ ἰσχύος ἔλαβον μὲν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπεξῆλθον ἀμυνοῦντες τῇ οἰκείᾳ, βιασθέντες δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολύ, ὅσον μὲν ἐς χιλίους οἱ ἡλικίᾳ μάλιστα αὐτῶν καὶ τόλμαις ἀκμάζοντες πίπτουσιν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο στρατιωτικόν, ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους εἶχεν, ἔφευγον πρὸς τὴν πόλιν.

Complex coordination and apposition: Λακεδαιμόνιοι is subject of ἔλαβον, ἐπεξῆλθον, and ἔφευγον; the final στρατιωτικόν is appositional subject of ἔφευγον. The ὅσον-clause gives an approximate number of fallen, while τὸ ἄλλο στρατιωτικόν contrasts the remainder.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-------NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἔλαβον	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	8 ἔλαβον	cc	high
3	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	4 φρονήματος	case	high
4	φρονήματος	φρόνημα	NOUN	N----GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἔλαβον	obl	high	Cause/source with ὑπό.
5	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	D--------	Degree=Cmp	4 φρονήματος	advmod	medium	Comparative adverb modifying the causal phrase.
6	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	--------	_	7 ἰσχύος	cc	high
7	ἰσχύος	ἰσχύς	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 φρονήματος	conj	medium	Elliptical comparison: ‘rather from courage than strength’.
8	ἔλαβον	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-AAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	--------	_	8 ἔλαβον	discourse	high	Correlative with δὲ at token 19.
10	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ὅπλα	det	high
11	ὅπλα	ὅπλον	NOUN	N----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἔλαβον	obj	high
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	cc	high
13	ἐπεξῆλθον	ἐπεξέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	8 ἔλαβον	conj	high
14	ἀμυνοῦντες	ἀμύνω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	advcl	high	Predicative circumstantial participle.
15	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 οἰκείᾳ	det	high
16	οἰκείᾳ	οἰκεῖος	ADJ	A----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἀμυνοῦντες	obl	medium	Substantivized feminine adjective, likely ‘their own [country/people]’.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	punct	high
18	βιασθέντες	βιάζω	VERB	V-APP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	50 ἔφευγον	advcl	high	Temporal/circumstantial participle: ‘having been forced/overcome’.
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	50 ἔφευγον	cc	high
20	οὐ	οὐ	PART	--------	Polarity=Neg	22 πολύ	advmod	high
21	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	22 πολύ	case	high
22	πολύ	πολύς	ADJ	A----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 βιασθέντες	obl	high	Substantivized adverbial accusative with μετά: ‘not long afterward’.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 βιασθέντες	punct	high
24	ὅσον	ὅσος	PRON	P----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 χιλίους	det	medium	Quantifying accusative with χιλίους; agreement is irregular/elliptical.
25	μὲν	μέν	PART	--------	_	35 πίπτουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative with δέ at token 41.
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	27 χιλίους	case	high
27	χιλίους	χίλιοι	NUM	M----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 πίπτουσιν	obl	medium	Accusative of extent/approximately, with an implied fallen men.
28	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T---NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἀκμάζοντες	det	high
29	ἡλικίᾳ	ἡλικία	NOUN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἀκμάζοντες	obl	high	Dative of respect.
30	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	29 ἡλικίᾳ	advmod	high
31	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	34 ἀκμάζοντες	nmod	high	Partitive genitive.
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	33 τόλμαις	cc	high
33	τόλμαις	τόλμα	NOUN	N----DPF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	34 ἀκμάζοντες	obl	high	Dative of respect.
34	ἀκμάζοντες	ἀκμάζω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	35 πίπτουσιν	acl	high	Participial modifier of an implied ‘those’.
35	πίπτουσιν	πίπτω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 βιασθέντες	parataxis	high	Present historical; subject is the implied group described by ἀκμάζοντες.
36	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	38 μάχῃ	case	high
37	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 μάχῃ	det	high
38	μάχῃ	μάχη	NOUN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 πίπτουσιν	obl	high
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	35 πίπτουσιν	punct	high
40	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 στρατιωτικόν	det	high
41	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	50 ἔφευγον	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 25.
42	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 στρατιωτικόν	amod	high
43	στρατιωτικόν	στρατιωτικός	NOUN	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 ἔφευγον	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the rest of the army’.
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἔφευγον	punct	high
45	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	--------	_	48 εἶχεν	mark	medium	Introduces a manner/degree clause.
46	ἕκαστος	ἕκαστος	PRON	P---NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	48 εἶχεν	nsubj	high
47	τάχους	τάχος	NOUN	N----GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	48 εἶχεν	obl	medium	Genitive with εἶχεν, ‘as much speed as each had’.
48	εἶχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	50 ἔφευγον	advcl	high
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	48 εἶχεν	punct	high
50	ἔφευγον	φεύγω	VERB	V-IAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is στρατιωτικόν by semantic collective agreement.
51	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	53 πόλιν	case	high
52	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	53 πόλιν	det	high
53	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἔφευγον	obl	high
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἔφευγον	punct	high

Passage 7.13.3