Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.13.3

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Passage 7.13.3

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2sentences parsed

89Greek tokens

2,061input tokens

6,201output tokens

Sentence 1

7.13.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 35
Input: 928
Output: 2,475
Total: 3,403

οἱ μὲν δὴ τὰ ἐντεταλμένα Δαμοκρίτῳ καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς ἐπήγγελλον ἐφθακόσιν ἔξοδον ἐπὶ Λακεδαίμονα πεποιῆσθαι καὶ---ἑώρων γὰρ τὰ πρὸς τὴν παραίνεσιν ἀνθεστηκότα τὰ Ἀχαιῶν---ἀπηλλάσσοντο ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν·

The passage has a parenthetical γὰρ-clause (ἑώρων ...), while ἐπήγγελλον and ἀπηλλάσσοντο are coordinated main predicates; the participle ἐφθακόσιν is interpreted as agreeing with Ἀχαιοῖς.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-mpl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἐπήγγελλον	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	particle	_	9 ἐπήγγελλον	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; counterpart is not explicit here.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	particle	_	9 ἐπήγγελλον	discourse	high
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	article-acc-npl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἐντεταλμένα	det	high
5	ἐντεταλμένα	ἐντέλλω	VERB	part-perf-mid-pass-acc-npl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	9 ἐπήγγελλον	obj	high	Substantivized participle: the things commanded.
6	Δαμοκρίτῳ	Δαμόκριτος	PROPN	prop-dat-ms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἐπήγγελλον	iobj	high
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	8 Ἀχαιοῖς	cc	high
8	Ἀχαιοῖς	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	prop-dat-mp	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Δαμοκρίτῳ	conj	high	Coordinated with Δαμοκρίτῳ.
9	ἐπήγγελλον	ἐπαγγέλλω	VERB	ind-imperf-act-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
10	ἐφθακόσιν	φθάνω	VERB	part-perf-act-dat-mpl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 Ἀχαιοῖς	acl	medium	Likely predicative/temporal participle agreeing with Ἀχαιοῖς: having arrived first.
11	ἔξοδον	ἔξοδος	NOUN	noun-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 πεποιῆσθαι	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the infinitive πεποιῆσθαι.
12	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	prep-acc	_	13 Λακεδαίμονα	case	high
13	Λακεδαίμονα	Λακεδαίμων	PROPN	prop-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἔξοδον	nmod	high	Goal complement of ἔξοδον.
14	πεποιῆσθαι	ποιέω	VERB	inf-perf-mid-pass	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	9 ἐπήγγελλον	ccomp	high	Infinitival content clause after ἐπήγγελλον.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	31 ἀπηλλάσσοντο	cc	medium	Coordinates the main verb with the following ἀπηλλάσσοντο; punctuation intervenes.
16	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
19	ἑώρων	ὁράω	VERB	ind-imperf-act-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	31 ἀπηλλάσσοντο	parataxis	high	Parenthetical explanatory clause.
20	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	particle	_	19 ἑώρων	discourse	high
21	τὰ	ὁ	DET	article-acc-npl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	25 ἀνθεστηκότα	det	high
22	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	prep-acc	_	24 παραίνεσιν	case	high
23	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 παραίνεσιν	det	high
24	παραίνεσιν	παραίνεσις	NOUN	noun-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἀνθεστηκότα	obl	high	Object of πρός within the participial phrase.
25	ἀνθεστηκότα	ἀνθίστημι	VERB	part-perf-act-acc-npl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 ἑώρων	obj	medium	Substantivized participle, object of ἑώρων: the things standing opposed.
26	τὰ	ὁ	DET	article-gen-npl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 Ἀχαιῶν	det	high
27	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	prop-gen-mp	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἀνθεστηκότα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on τὰ Ἀχαιῶν.
28	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
29	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἑώρων	punct	high
31	ἀπηλλάσσοντο	ἀπαλλάσσω	VERB	ind-imperf-mid-pass-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated main predicate; coordination with ἐπήγγελλον is structurally loose.
32	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep-acc	_	34 Ἀσίαν	case	high
33	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 Ἀσίαν	det	high
34	Ἀσίαν	Ἀσία	PROPN	prop-acc-fs	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἀπηλλάσσοντο	obl	high	Destination complement of ἀπηλλάσσοντο.
35	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἀπηλλάσσοντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.13.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 54
Input: 1,133
Output: 3,726
Total: 4,859

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ὑπὸ φρονήματος μᾶλλον ἢ ἰσχύος ἔλαβον μὲν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ ἐπεξῆλθον ἀμυνοῦντες τῇ οἰκείᾳ, βιασθέντες δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολύ, ὅσον μὲν ἐς χιλίους οἱ ἡλικίᾳ μάλιστα αὐτῶν καὶ τόλμαις ἀκμάζοντες πίπτουσιν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο στρατιωτικόν, ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους εἶχεν, ἔφευγον πρὸς τὴν πόλιν.

Complex coordination and apposition: Λακεδαιμόνιοι is subject of ἔλαβον, ἐπεξῆλθον, and ἔφευγον; the final στρατιωτικόν is appositional subject of ἔφευγον. The ὅσον-clause gives an approximate number of fallen, while τὸ ἄλλο στρατιωτικόν contrasts the remainder.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-------NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἔλαβον	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	8 ἔλαβον	cc	high
3	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	4 φρονήματος	case	high
4	φρονήματος	φρόνημα	NOUN	N----GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ἔλαβον	obl	high	Cause/source with ὑπό.
5	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	D--------	Degree=Cmp	4 φρονήματος	advmod	medium	Comparative adverb modifying the causal phrase.
6	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	--------	_	7 ἰσχύος	cc	high
7	ἰσχύος	ἰσχύς	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 φρονήματος	conj	medium	Elliptical comparison: ‘rather from courage than strength’.
8	ἔλαβον	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-AAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	--------	_	8 ἔλαβον	discourse	high	Correlative with δὲ at token 19.
10	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 ὅπλα	det	high
11	ὅπλα	ὅπλον	NOUN	N----APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἔλαβον	obj	high
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	cc	high
13	ἐπεξῆλθον	ἐπεξέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	8 ἔλαβον	conj	high
14	ἀμυνοῦντες	ἀμύνω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	advcl	high	Predicative circumstantial participle.
15	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 οἰκείᾳ	det	high
16	οἰκείᾳ	οἰκεῖος	ADJ	A----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἀμυνοῦντες	obl	medium	Substantivized feminine adjective, likely ‘their own [country/people]’.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπεξῆλθον	punct	high
18	βιασθέντες	βιάζω	VERB	V-APP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	50 ἔφευγον	advcl	high	Temporal/circumstantial participle: ‘having been forced/overcome’.
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	50 ἔφευγον	cc	high
20	οὐ	οὐ	PART	--------	Polarity=Neg	22 πολύ	advmod	high
21	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	22 πολύ	case	high
22	πολύ	πολύς	ADJ	A----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 βιασθέντες	obl	high	Substantivized adverbial accusative with μετά: ‘not long afterward’.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 βιασθέντες	punct	high
24	ὅσον	ὅσος	PRON	P----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 χιλίους	det	medium	Quantifying accusative with χιλίους; agreement is irregular/elliptical.
25	μὲν	μέν	PART	--------	_	35 πίπτουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative with δέ at token 41.
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	27 χιλίους	case	high
27	χιλίους	χίλιοι	NUM	M----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 πίπτουσιν	obl	medium	Accusative of extent/approximately, with an implied fallen men.
28	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T---NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἀκμάζοντες	det	high
29	ἡλικίᾳ	ἡλικία	NOUN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἀκμάζοντες	obl	high	Dative of respect.
30	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	29 ἡλικίᾳ	advmod	high
31	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	34 ἀκμάζοντες	nmod	high	Partitive genitive.
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	33 τόλμαις	cc	high
33	τόλμαις	τόλμα	NOUN	N----DPF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	34 ἀκμάζοντες	obl	high	Dative of respect.
34	ἀκμάζοντες	ἀκμάζω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Ptc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	35 πίπτουσιν	acl	high	Participial modifier of an implied ‘those’.
35	πίπτουσιν	πίπτω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 βιασθέντες	parataxis	high	Present historical; subject is the implied group described by ἀκμάζοντες.
36	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	38 μάχῃ	case	high
37	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 μάχῃ	det	high
38	μάχῃ	μάχη	NOUN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 πίπτουσιν	obl	high
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	35 πίπτουσιν	punct	high
40	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 στρατιωτικόν	det	high
41	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	50 ἔφευγον	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 25.
42	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	43 στρατιωτικόν	amod	high
43	στρατιωτικόν	στρατιωτικός	NOUN	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 ἔφευγον	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the rest of the army’.
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἔφευγον	punct	high
45	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	--------	_	48 εἶχεν	mark	medium	Introduces a manner/degree clause.
46	ἕκαστος	ἕκαστος	PRON	P---NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	48 εἶχεν	nsubj	high
47	τάχους	τάχος	NOUN	N----GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	48 εἶχεν	obl	medium	Genitive with εἶχεν, ‘as much speed as each had’.
48	εἶχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	50 ἔφευγον	advcl	high
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	48 εἶχεν	punct	high
50	ἔφευγον	φεύγω	VERB	V-IAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is στρατιωτικόν by semantic collective agreement.
51	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	53 πόλιν	case	high
52	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	53 πόλιν	det	high
53	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἔφευγον	obl	high
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἔφευγον	punct	high

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