Grammar parses for passage 7.13.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐξεγείρας δὲ αὖθις Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς πόλεμον ἐν ἐγκλήμασί τε ἦν ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν καὶ--- οὐ γάρ τινα ἐκ τοῦ προσδοκωμένου κινδύνου Λακεδαιμονίοις σωτηρίαν εὕρισκεν---ἀφίησιν ἑκουσίως τὴν ψυχὴν πιὼν φάρμακον.
The passage contains a parenthetical explanatory clause (tokens 19–31) and two possible main verbal centers; I treat ἦν and εὕρισκεν as clause-level roots inside the embedded material, with ἀφίησιν as the final main historical present.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξεγείρας | ἐξεγείρω | VERB | AOR_ACT_PTCP_NOM_MASC_SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἦν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἦν/main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the clause. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | ADJ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πόλεμον | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/affected party; could be taken with πόλεμον. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Λακεδαιμονίοις | cc | high | Coordinates the dative nouns. |
| 6 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | ADJ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Λακεδαιμονίοις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative. |
| 7 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | obj | high | Direct object/predicate object of ἦν. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἐγκλήμασί | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 9 | ἐγκλήμασί | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-DP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἦν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐγκλήμασί | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, likely linking to following clause. |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 14 πολιτῶν | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---PG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πολιτῶν | det | high | Article with πολιτῶν. |
| 14 | πολιτῶν | πολίτης | NOUN | N-GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦν | obl | high | Agent in passive-like construction. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | cc | medium | Likely coordinates following parenthetical clause/frame. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 28 εὕρισκεν | advmod | high | Negator modifying εὕρισκεν. |
| 20 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 28 εὕρισκεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 21 | τινα | τις | PRON | RI-NS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 27 σωτηρίαν | det | medium | Indefinite pronoun used adjectivally with σωτηρίαν? wording is awkward; assigned as modifier. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 25 κινδύνου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 κινδύνου | det | high | Article with κινδύνου. |
| 24 | προσδοκωμένου | προσδοκάω | VERB | V-PPPMNG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 κινδύνου | amod | high | Participial modifier of κινδύνου. |
| 25 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-GS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 εὕρισκεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐκ. |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | ADJ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 σωτηρίαν | iobj | high | Dative recipient of σωτηρίαν. |
| 27 | σωτηρίαν | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 εὕρισκεν | obj | high | Object of εὕρισκεν. |
| 28 | εὕρισκεν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-3SIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the parenthetical clause. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εὕρισκεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εὕρισκεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 εὕρισκεν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 32 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb; could be read as historical present. |
| 33 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | _ | _ | 32 ἀφίησιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφίησιν. |
| 34 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 ψυχὴν | det | high | Article with ψυχὴν. |
| 35 | ψυχὴν | ψυχή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἀφίησιν | obj | high | Object of ἀφίησιν. |
| 36 | πιὼν | πίνω | VERB | AOR_ACT_PTCP_NOM_MASC_SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἀφίησιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of ἀφίησιν. |
| 37 | φάρμακον | φάρμακον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 πιὼν | obj | high | Object of πιὼν. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἀφίησιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ Μεκαλκίδᾳ μὲν τέλος τοιοῦτον ἐγένετο, ἄρξαντι ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ νῷ τότε μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων ὡς ἂν ὁ ἀμαθέστατος στρατηγός, πρότερον δὲ ἔτι τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν ἔθνους ὡς ἀνθρώπων ὁ ἀδικώτατος.
The sentence is built around ἐγένετο with two coordinated comparative predicative clauses introduced by ὡς ἂν; the participle ἄρξαντι is circumstantial and attached to the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to prior context. |
| 2 | Μεκαλκίδᾳ | Μεκαλκίδας | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Dative of person associated with the event; likely dative of interest/possession with ἐγένετο. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Discourse particle. |
| 4 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject/nominative complement with ἐγένετο. |
| 5 | τοιοῦτον | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 τέλος | amod | high | Agrees with τέλος. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἄρξαντι | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Aorist participle in agreement with Μεκαλκίδᾳ; likely circumstantial. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 12 νῷ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 νῷ | det | high | Article with νῷ. |
| 11 | ἑαυτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 12 νῷ | det | high | Reflexive possessive modifier of νῷ. |
| 12 | νῷ | νοῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄρξαντι | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 20 στρατηγός | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 στρατηγός | nmod | high | Genitive limiting στρατηγός. |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 στρατηγός | mark | high | Introduces comparative/predicative clause. |
| 17 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 20 στρατηγός | advmod | high | Modal particle with superlative phrase. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 στρατηγός | det | high | Article with στρατηγός. |
| 19 | ἀμαθέστατος | ἀμαθέστατος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 στρατηγός | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying στρατηγός. |
| 20 | στρατηγός | στρατηγός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Predicate nominal within comparative clause governed by ὡς ἂν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 στρατηγός | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 31 ἀδικώτατος | advmod | high | Temporal/comparative adverb modifying ἀδικώτατος. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 31 ἀδικώτατος | discourse | high | Discourse particle. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 31 ἀδικώτατος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀδικώτατος. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἔθνους | det | high | Article with ἔθνους. |
| 26 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἔθνους | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἔθνους. |
| 27 | ἔθνους | ἔθνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἀδικώτατος | obl | high | Genitive phrase dependent on comparative construction. |
| 28 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἀδικώτατος | mark | high | Introduces comparative clause. |
| 29 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἀδικώτατος | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 30 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἀδικώτατος | det | high | Article with ἀδικώτατος. |
| 31 | ἀδικώτατος | ἄδικος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Superlative predicate in comparative clause. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |