Grammar parses for passage 7.14.2
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα Ὀρέστου λέγοντος οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲ τὸν πάντα ὑπομείναντες ἀκοῦσαι λόγον ἔθεον ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τῆς οἰκίας καὶ ἐκάλουν Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς ἐκκλησίαν·
Genitive absolute ταῦτα Ὀρέστου λέγοντος supplies the temporal setting; οἱ ἄρχοντες is the coordinated finite-clause subject, with ὑπομείναντες agreeing with it and ἀκοῦσαι completing the participial construction. ἐκτὸς is substantival with the article and takes the genitive τῆς οἰκίας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 λέγοντος | obj | high | |
| 2 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λέγοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 3 | λέγοντος | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἄρχοντες | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔθεον | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄρχοντες | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 11 ὑπομείναντες | cc | high | Connects the negative participial phrase. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πάντα | det | high | |
| 10 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγον | amod | high | With λόγον: the whole speech. |
| 11 | ὑπομείναντες | ὑπομένω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | advcl | high | Aorist participle; οὐδέ negates the participial clause. |
| 12 | ἀκοῦσαι | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπομείναντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ὑπομείναντες. |
| 13 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀκοῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἔθεον | θέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect of θέω, ‘they ran’; orthography can be confused with a form of τίθημι. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 17 ἐκτὸς | case | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐκτὸς | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | D | _ | 14 ἔθεον | obl | high | Substantival adverb with article; destination. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 οἰκίας | det | high | |
| 19 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκτὸς | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκτός. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 21 ἐκάλουν | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 21 | ἐκάλουν | καλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | conj | high | |
| 22 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐκάλουν | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 24 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | |
| 24 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκάλουν | obl | high | |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔθεον | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ὡς τὰ ἐγνωσμένα ἐπύθοντο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αὐτίκα ἐτρέποντο ἐπὶ τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας οἳ Κορίνθῳ τότε ἔτυχον ἐπιδημοῦντες, συνήρπαζον δὲ πάντα τινὰ καὶ ὃν Λακεδαιμόνιον σαφῶς ὄντα ἠπίσταντο καὶ ὅτῳ κουρᾶς ἢ ὑποδημάτων ἕνεκα ἢ ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσθῆτι ἢ κατʼ ὄνομα προσγένοιτο ὑπόνοια·
The initial ὡς-clause is temporal/complementary to ἐτρέποντο; ὑπόνοια is the nominative subject of the final optative προσγένοιτο, with ὅτῳ as its dative experiencer and the coordinated genitives/phrases specifying grounds for suspicion. The morphology and attachment of ἐγνωσμένα are interpreted as a substantivized neuter plural participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπύθοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | mark | medium | Temporal/complementary reading. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NA-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἐγνωσμένα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐγνωσμένα | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-RMPNA-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐπύθοντο | advcl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural perfect passive participle, ‘the things learned/known’. |
| 6 | ἐπύθοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐτρέποντο | advcl | high | |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 8 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A---GP-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπύθοντο | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐτρέποντο | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐτρέποντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-IMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Σπαρτιάτας | case | high | |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Σπαρτιάτας | det | high | |
| 14 | Σπαρτιάτας | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | A---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτρέποντο | obl | high | |
| 15 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ἔτυχον | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | Κορίνθῳ | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N---LD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔτυχον | obl | high | |
| 17 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 ἔτυχον | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἔτυχον | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 Σπαρτιάτας | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | ἐπιδημοῦντες | ἐπιδημέω | VERB | V-PAPNM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἔτυχον | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with τυγχάνω. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔτυχον | punct | high | |
| 21 | συνήρπαζον | συναρπάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐτρέποντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐτρέποντο. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 συνήρπαζον | cc | high | |
| 23 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A---AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 τινὰ | amod | medium | Agreeing adjectivally with τινά; masculine singular form is distributive/individualizing. |
| 24 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | X---AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 συνήρπαζον | obj | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ὃν | cc | high | |
| 26 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P---AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 30 ἠπίσταντο | obj | medium | Relative object, with antecedent implicit in the person seized. |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμόνιον | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A---AM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ὃν | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally. |
| 28 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ὄντα | advmod | high | |
| 29 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAPAM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 ἠπίσταντο | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with ἐπίσταμαι. |
| 30 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 21 συνήρπαζον | conj | high | Coordinated object-taking verb in the relative construction. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 44 προσγένοιτο | cc | high | |
| 32 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P---DM-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | medium | Dative of the person in whom suspicion arose. |
| 33 | κουρᾶς | κουρά | NOUN | N---GS-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 34 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 κουρᾶς | cc | high | |
| 35 | ὑποδημάτων | ὑπόδημα | NOUN | N---GN-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 κουρᾶς | conj | high | |
| 36 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 κουρᾶς | case | high | Postposition governing the preceding coordinated genitives. |
| 37 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 ἐπὶ | cc | high | |
| 38 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 40 ἐσθῆτι | case | high | |
| 39 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P---LD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἐσθῆτι | det | high | |
| 40 | ἐσθῆτι | ἐσθής | NOUN | N---LD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | high | |
| 41 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 κατʼ | cc | high | |
| 42 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 ὄνομα | case | high | Elided form of κατά. |
| 43 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N---NA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | high | |
| 44 | προσγένοιτο | προσγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AO-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 30 ἠπίσταντο | ccomp | medium | Final optative in an embedded clause; subject follows. |
| 45 | ὑπόνοια | ὑπόνοια | NOUN | N---NF-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 46 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτρέποντο | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ καταφυγεῖν ἔνθα Ὀρέστης ᾤκει φθάνοντας ὅμως καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐβιάζοντο ἕλκειν.
The sentence has an implicit governing verb for τοὺς αὐτῶν (likely understood from context); καταφυγεῖν is coordinated with the following infinitival construction, while ἐβιάζοντο governs ἕλκειν. φθάνοντας is an accusative participle agreeing with the understood/represented people and means ‘having arrived first’ or ‘reaching’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταφυγεῖν | obj | medium | Substantival article/pronominal accusative plural masculine; its understood noun is context-dependent. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 καταφυγεῖν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P--------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantival τοὺς, ‘their/the ones belonging to them’. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 καταφυγεῖν | cc | medium | Coordinates καταφυγεῖν with another infinitival complement or continuation. |
| 5 | καταφυγεῖν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V--ANA---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive; exact attachment is partly dependent on omitted context. |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 ᾤκει | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the clause modifying the place of ᾤκει. |
| 7 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | NE--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ᾤκει | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ᾤκει. |
| 8 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 καταφυγεῖν | advcl | medium | Imperfect active indicative; clause under ἔνθα, with an implicit locative relation. |
| 9 | φθάνοντας | φθάνω | VERB | V-APA-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | advcl | medium | Accusative masculine plural aorist participle; likely agrees with the understood object/subject group represented by τοὺς. |
| 10 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | advmod | high | Concessive adverb, ‘nevertheless’. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the following predication with the preceding one. |
| 12 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 14 ἕλκειν | advmod | high | Adverb of motion/source, ‘from here/from that place’. |
| 13 | ἐβιάζοντο | βιάζω | VERB | V-IPI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle indicative, ‘they were forcing themselves/being forced’; middle-passive morphology is context-sensitive. |
| 14 | ἕλκειν | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PNA---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | xcomp | high | Present active infinitive governed by ἐβιάζοντο. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |