Grammar parses for passage 7.14.2
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα Ὀρέστου λέγοντος οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲ τὸν πάντα ὑπομείναντες ἀκοῦσαι λόγον ἔθεον ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τῆς οἰκίας καὶ ἐκάλουν Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς ἐκκλησίαν·
The syntax is compressed: Ὀρέστου λέγοντος forms a genitive absolute, while ὑπομείναντες ἀκοῦσαι λόγον is best taken as a participial-infinitival clause coordinated under the main verb ἔθεον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 λέγοντος | obj | high | Accusative object of λέγοντος. |
| 2 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λέγοντος | nmod | high | Genitive absolute participant. |
| 3 | λέγοντος | λέγω | VERB | v-papmg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | advcl | high | Present participle in genitive absolute, dependent on ἔθεον. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἄρχοντες | det | high | Article with ἄρχοντες. |
| 5 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἔθεον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔθεον. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄρχοντες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄρχοντες. |
| 8 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | g--------- | _ | 14 ἔθεον | cc | high | Coordinates with following participial/adverbial material. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 λόγον | det | high | Article with λόγον. |
| 10 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγον | amod | high | Modifies λόγον. |
| 11 | ὑπομείναντες | ὑπομένω | VERB | v-papmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | advcl | medium | Likely participle coordinated with ἔθεον; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | ἀκοῦσαι | ἀκούω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ὑπομείναντες | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement to ὑπομείναντες. |
| 13 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀκοῦσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀκοῦσαι. |
| 14 | ἔθεον | θέω | VERB | v-aaia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 ἐκτὸς | case | high | Preposition governing ἐκτὸς. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐκτὸς | det | high | Article with ἐκτὸς. |
| 17 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | d-------- | _ | 14 ἔθεον | obl | medium | Adverb used substantivally/with article in locative phrase. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 οἰκίας | det | high | Article with οἰκίας. |
| 19 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκτὸς | nmod | high | Genitive complement in phrase ἐκτὸς τῆς οἰκίας. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 21 ἐκάλουν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 21 | ἐκάλουν | καλέω | VERB | v-iia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἔθεον | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with ἔθεον. |
| 22 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐκάλουν | obj | high | Object of ἐκάλουν. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 24 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | Preposition governing ἐκκλησίαν. |
| 24 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκάλουν | obl | high | Directional object of ἐκάλουν. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔθεον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ὡς τὰ ἐγνωσμένα ἐπύθοντο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αὐτίκα ἐτρέποντο ἐπὶ τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας οἳ Κορίνθῳ τότε ἔτυχον ἐπιδημοῦντες, συνήρπαζον δὲ πάντα τινὰ καὶ ὃν Λακεδαιμόνιον σαφῶς ὄντα ἠπίσταντο καὶ ὅτῳ κουρᾶς ἢ ὑποδημάτων ἕνεκα ἢ ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσθῆτι ἢ κατʼ ὄνομα προσγένοιτο ὑπόνοια·
Main clause with coordinated imperfects; several relative clauses and participial adjuncts attach to the Spartan groups, and the final noun phrase with προσγένοιτο is syntactically compressed/elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπύθοντο | nsubj | high | Articular subject of ἐπύθοντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | mark | medium | Introduces temporal/clausal complement: 'when/as'. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἐγνωσμένα | obj | high | Article with substantive participle. |
| 5 | ἐγνωσμένα | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-RMPN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐπύθοντο | obj | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle used substantively: 'the things known'. |
| 6 | ἐπύθοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 8 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπύθοντο | obl | high | Agent in passive-like construction. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπύθοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἐτρέποντο | advmod | high | Modifies ἐτρέποντο. |
| 11 | ἐτρέποντο | τρέπω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐπύθοντο | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect clause. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 14 Σπαρτιάτας | case | high | Preposition with motion/target. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Σπαρτιάτας | det | high | Article modifying Σπαρτιάτας. |
| 14 | Σπαρτιάτας | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτρέποντο | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 15 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ἔτυχον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing clause modifying Σπαρτιάτας. |
| 16 | Κορίνθῳ | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔτυχον | obl | high | Locative dative with ἔτυχον. |
| 17 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 18 ἔτυχον | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 18 | ἔτυχον | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Verb of the relative clause. |
| 19 | ἐπιδημοῦντες | ἐπιδημέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἔτυχον | xcomp | medium | Participial complement/attendant circumstance; could also be adverbial. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτρέποντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | συνήρπαζον | συναρπάζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπύθοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated imperfect main verb. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 συνήρπαζον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 23 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 συνήρπαζον | obj | medium | Predicate object of 'seized/took up everything'. |
| 24 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 συνήρπαζον | obj | low | Likely appositional/indefinite accusative with πάντα; morphology is somewhat odd in context. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 συνήρπαζον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 26 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 30 ἠπίσταντο | obj | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἠπίσταντο. |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμόνιον | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἠπίσταντο | xcomp | medium | Adjectival predicate of the participle ὄντα. |
| 28 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 30 ἠπίσταντο | advmod | high | Modifies ὄντα / the clause. |
| 29 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 ἠπίσταντο | xcomp | high | Participial complement with object ὃν. |
| 30 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 21 συνήρπαζον | conj | high | Third coordinated imperfect verb. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 ἠπίσταντο | cc | high | Connects another coordinated object/clause. |
| 32 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P-DSI | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | medium | Relative/indefinite dative in the final clause; syntax compressed. |
| 33 | κουρᾶς | κουρά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἕνεκα. |
| 34 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 κουρᾶς | cc | high | Coordinating alternative. |
| 35 | ὑποδημάτων | ὑπόδημα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 κουρᾶς | conj | high | Second genitive coordinated with κουρᾶς. |
| 36 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | _ | 44 προσγένοιτο | mark | medium | Postposition expressing purpose/cause; governing the genitives. |
| 37 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Connects alternative oblique phrase. |
| 38 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 40 ἐσθῆτι | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 39 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἐσθῆτι | det | high | Article with ἐσθῆτι. |
| 40 | ἐσθῆτι | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | high | Oblique phrase with ἐπὶ. |
| 41 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 42 κατʼ | cc | high | Connects another alternative phrase. |
| 42 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 44 προσγένοιτο | case | high | Preposition. |
| 43 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 44 προσγένοιτο | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative 'by name'; depends on προσγένοιτο. |
| 44 | προσγένοιτο | προσγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOM-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 45 ὑπόνοια | acl | medium | Optative in a relative/indirect characterization; likely modifies ὑπόνοια. |
| 45 | ὑπόνοια | ὑπόνοια | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 συνήρπαζον | obj | low | Likely subject/topic of the final clause; syntax is compressed and somewhat uncertain. |
| 46 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 συνήρπαζον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ καταφυγεῖν ἔνθα Ὀρέστης ᾤκει φθάνοντας ὅμως καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐβιάζοντο ἕλκειν.
Syntax is somewhat elliptical: an accusative participial phrase with infinitival καταφυγεῖν depends on the main coercive verb ἐβιάζοντο, while ἕλκειν is treated as the clause root in this fragmentary sentence-like unit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 φθάνοντας | obj | high | Article used substantively with participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | d--------- | _ | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 τοὺς | det | medium | Likely possessive/genitive dependent of τοὺς. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 5 καταφυγεῖν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 5 | καταφυγεῖν | καταφεύγω | VERB | v--ana--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | xcomp | medium | Aorist infinitive; exact aspect coding uncertain in ancient-Greek tagset. |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 8 ᾤκει | advmod | high | Locative/relative adverb. |
| 7 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ᾤκει | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾤκει. |
| 8 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἕλκειν | advcl | high | Imperfect finite verb in relative/locative clause. |
| 9 | φθάνοντας | φθάνω | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | xcomp | medium | Participial complement likely agreeing with τοὺς. |
| 10 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | d--------- | _ | 13 ἐβιάζοντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying main verb. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 12 ἐντεῦθεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | d--------- | _ | 14 ἕλκειν | advmod | high | Adverb of place/source. |
| 13 | ἐβιάζοντο | βιάζω | VERB | v3piim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 ἕλκειν | conj | medium | Main finite verb; likely coordinated with ἕλκειν in reported/infinitival construction. |
| 14 | ἕλκειν | ἕλκω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Syntactic root as infinitival complement heading the clause. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἕλκειν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |