Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.14.3

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Passage 7.14.3

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3sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

2,685input tokens

6,643output tokens

Sentence 1

7.14.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 846
Output: 1,878
Total: 2,724

Ὀρέστης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τῆς τε τόλμης ἐπέχειν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπειρῶντο καὶ ἐκέλευον μεμνῆσθαι σφᾶς ὡς ἀδικημάτων καὶ ὕβρεως ἄρχουσιν ἐς Ῥωμαίους.

Orestes and his companions try to restrain the Achaeans from boldness and urge them to remember that they are beginning wrongs and outrage against the Romans; μεμνῆσθαι is governed by ἐκέλευον, with σφᾶς as its subject accusative, while ὡς introduces the content.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ὀρέστης	Ὀρέστης	PROPN	N----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπειρῶντο	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἐπειρῶντο	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 οἱ	cc	high
4	οἱ	ὁ	DET	P---NM-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἐπειρῶντο	nsubj	high	Substantivized article: ‘those’.
5	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--------	_	6 αὐτῷ	case	high
6	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P---DSM--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 οἱ	nmod	high	Object of σύν.
7	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P---GF-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 τόλμης	det	high
8	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 τόλμης	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί.
9	τόλμης	τόλμη	NOUN	N-----GS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπέχειν	obl	high	Genitive with ἐπέχειν: restraint from boldness.
10	ἐπέχειν	ἐπέχω	VERB	V--PAN----	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ἐπειρῶντο	xcomp	medium	Infinitive complement of ἐπειρῶντο; τὸν Ἀχαιοὺς is its object.
11	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	P---AM-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 Ἀχαιοὺς	det	high
12	Ἀχαιοὺς	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	A----AM-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἐπέχειν	obj	high	Accusative subject/object construction with infinitive; syntactically object of ἐπέχειν.
13	ἐπειρῶντο	πειράω	VERB	V-IMI-3P--	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ἐκέλευον	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite predicate.
15	ἐκέλευον	κελεύω	VERB	V-IAI-3P--	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	13 ἐπειρῶντο	conj	high
16	μεμνῆσθαι	μιμνήσκω	VERB	V-RMN----	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	15 ἐκέλευον	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive of ἐκέλευον.
17	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P---AP-P-	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	22 ἄρχουσιν	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the infinitive μεμνῆσθαι, with its understood reflexive reference.
18	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἄρχουσιν	mark	high	Introduces the content clause.
19	ἀδικημάτων	ἀδίκημα	NOUN	N-----GP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 ἄρχουσιν	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on ἄρχουσιν: beginning acts of injustice.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ὕβρεως	cc	high	Coordinates the two genitives.
21	ὕβρεως	ὕβρις	NOUN	N-----GS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἀδικημάτων	conj	high	Coordinated genitive with ἀδικημάτων.
22	ἄρχουσιν	ἄρχω	VERB	V בפIAP-3P--	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	16 μεμνῆσθαι	ccomp	high	Finite verb in the ὡς-content clause.
23	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	24 Ῥωμαίους	case	high
24	Ῥωμαίους	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A----AP-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἄρχουσιν	obl	high	Prepositional goal/target of ἄρχουσιν.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπειρῶντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.14.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 27
Input: 861
Output: 2,013
Total: 2,874

ἡμέραις δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλαῖς οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν αὐτῶν ὅσους εἶχον συνειληφότες, κατατίθενται σφᾶς ἐς δεσμωτήριον, τοὺς ξένους δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν διακρίνοντες ἠφίεσαν.

The sentence contrasts two coordinated actions by the Achaeans: they detained the captured Lacedaemonians and, separating the foreigners from them, released the foreigners.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἡμέραις	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	3 ὕστερον	obl	high	Dative of extent/time with ὕστερον.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 κατατίθενται	cc	high
3	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	ADV	_	15 κατατίθενται	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative meaning later/afterwards.
4	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 πολλαῖς	advmod	high
5	πολλαῖς	πολύς	ADJ	A-DPF	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 ἡμέραις	amod	high	Agrees with ἡμέραις.
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Ἀχαιοὶ	det	high
7	Ἀχαιοὶ	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 κατατίθενται	nsubj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
8	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ὅσους	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὅσους, within the relative clause.
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	15 κατατίθενται	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with later δέ.
10	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	8 Λακεδαιμονίων	nmod	medium	Intensive genitive: the Lacedaemonians themselves.
11	ὅσους	ὅσος	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	12 εἶχον	obj	high	Relative pronoun, object of εἶχον.
12	εἶχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	13 συνειληφότες	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause modifying the understood Lacedaemonians.
13	συνειληφότες	συλλαμβάνω	VERB	V-RAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	15 κατατίθενται	advcl	high	Aoristic/resultative participle agreeing with οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ; takes ὅσους as object through the relative clause.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 συνειληφότες	punct	high
15	κατατίθενται	κατατίθημι	VERB	V-PMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb, with middle voice meaning put/place for detention.
16	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	15 κατατίθενται	obj	high	Reflexive/third-person pronoun referring to the captured Lacedaemonians.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	18 δεσμωτήριον	case	high
18	δεσμωτήριον	δεσμωτήριον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 κατατίθενται	obl	high	Goal/place complement of κατατίθενται.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 διακρίνοντες	punct	high
20	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ξένους	det	high
21	ξένους	ξένος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 διακρίνοντες	obj	high	Object of διακρίνοντες.
22	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	26 ἠφίεσαν	cc	high	Contrasts the treatment of the ξένοι with the Lacedaemonians.
23	ἀπʼ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	24 αὐτῶν	case	high
24	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	25 διακρίνοντες	obl	high	Source/separation complement: away from them.
25	διακρίνοντες	διακρίνω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	26 ἠφίεσαν	advcl	high	Concurrent participle agreeing with the Achaeans.
26	ἠφίεσαν	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	15 κατατίθενται	conj	high	Coordinated main verb: they released the foreigners.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 κατατίθενται	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.14.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 39
Input: 978
Output: 2,752
Total: 3,730

ἀποστέλλουσι δὲ καὶ ἐς Ῥώμην ἄλλους τε Ἀχαιῶν τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ Θεαρίδαν· ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθον, ἐντυχόντες κατὰ τὴν ἄνοδον Ῥωμαίων πρέσβεσιν ἐπὶ τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ὕστερον ἢ Ὀρέστης ἀπεσταλμένοις, ὀπίσω καὶ αὐτοὶ τρέπονται.

The first clause has an understood third-person plural subject and coordinated objects ἄλλους ... καὶ Θεαρίδαν; ὡς introduces a temporal clause. In the participial clause, ἐντυχόντες governs πρέσβεσιν, while ἀπεσταλμένοις agrees with πρέσβεσιν and ὕστερον ἢ Ὀρέστης expresses later dispatch than Orestes. The final middle verb is coordinated with the preceding temporal sequence and has the travelers as subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀποστέλλουσι	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 ἀποστέλλουσι	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἄλλους	cc	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	5 Ῥώμην	case	high	Variant/prepositional form of εἰς.
5	Ῥώμην	Ῥώμη	PROPN	N-AF-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἀποστέλλουσι	obl	high
6	ἄλλους	ἄλλος	PRON	A-AP-M--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἀποστέλλουσι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective/pronominal form.
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἄλλους	cc	high
8	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-GP-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἄλλους	nmod	high	Partitive/relational genitive with ἄλλους.
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GP-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 Ἀχαιῶν	det	high
10	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	11 τέλει	case	high
11	τέλει	τέλος	NOUN	N-D-S--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 Ἀχαιῶν	nmod	high	ἐν τέλει is an attributive phrase, ‘in office’.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 Θεαρίδαν	cc	high
13	Θεαρίδαν	Θεαρίδας	PROPN	N-AM-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀποστέλλουσι	obj	high
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀποστέλλουσι	punct	high
15	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἀπῆλθον	mark	high	Temporal subordinator.
16	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἀπῆλθον	cc	high
17	ἀπῆλθον	ἀπέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	38 τρέπονται	advcl	high	Aorist active form with intransitive meaning; subject is understood travelers.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπῆλθον	punct	high
19	ἐντυχόντες	ἐντυγχάνω	VERB	V-2AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	38 τρέπονται	advcl	high	Conjunct participle sharing the understood subject of τρέπονται.
20	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	22 ἄνοδον	case	high
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AF-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἄνοδον	det	high
22	ἄνοδον	ἄνοδος	NOUN	N-AF-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐντυχόντες	obl	high	Temporal/spatial accusative with κατά.
23	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	N-GP-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 πρέσβεσιν	nmod	high
24	πρέσβεσιν	πρέσβυς	NOUN	N-DP-M--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐντυχόντες	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐντυγχάνω.
25	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	27 Λακεδαιμονίων	case	high
26	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-AP-N--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 Λακεδαιμονίων	det	high
27	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-GP-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 πρέσβεσιν	nmod	medium	Genitive proper-name form with substantivized τὰ; ἐπὶ τὰ ... likely denotes mission against/concerned with the Lacedaemonians.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	29 Ἀχαιῶν	cc	high
29	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-GP-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 Λακεδαιμονίων	conj	high	Coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων.
30	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	A--------	Degree=Pos	33 ἀπεσταλμένοις	advmod	high	Comparative adverbial form governing comparison with ἢ.
31	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C--------	_	30 ὕστερον	cc	high	Comparative conjunction.
32	Ὀρέστης	Ὀρέστης	PROPN	N-NS-M--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ἀπεσταλμένοις	nsubj	high	Subject of the participle ἀπεσταλμένοις in the comparative phrase.
33	ἀπεσταλμένοις	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V-RPP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	24 πρέσβεσιν	acl	medium	Perfect passive participle agreeing with πρέσβεσιν; the form is dative plural masculine.
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐντυχόντες	punct	high
35	ὀπίσω	ὀπίσω	ADV	D--------	_	38 τρέπονται	advmod	high	Adverb meaning back/away.
36	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	38 τρέπονται	cc	high
37	αὐτοὶ	αὐτός	PRON	P-NP-M--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	38 τρέπονται	nsubj	high	Emphatic subject, ‘they themselves’.
38	τρέπονται	τρέπω	VERB	V-PMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate of the concluding clause.
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	38 τρέπονται	punct	high

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