Grammar parses for passage 7.14.3
Open translation for this passage
Ὀρέστης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τῆς τε τόλμης ἐπέχειν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπειρῶντο καὶ ἐκέλευον μεμνῆσθαι σφᾶς ὡς ἀδικημάτων καὶ ὕβρεως ἄρχουσιν ἐς Ῥωμαίους.
Orestes and his companions try to restrain the Achaeans from boldness and urge them to remember that they are beginning wrongs and outrage against the Romans; μεμνῆσθαι is governed by ἐκέλευον, with σφᾶς as its subject accusative, while ὡς introduces the content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized article: ‘those’. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Object of σύν. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τόλμης | det | high | |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 τόλμης | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 9 | τόλμης | τόλμη | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπέχειν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπέχειν: restraint from boldness. |
| 10 | ἐπέχειν | ἐπέχω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement of ἐπειρῶντο; τὸν Ἀχαιοὺς is its object. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀχαιοὺς | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----AM-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπέχειν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object construction with infinitive; syntactically object of ἐπέχειν. |
| 13 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | V-IMI-3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐκέλευον | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 15 | ἐκέλευον | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | conj | high | |
| 16 | μεμνῆσθαι | μιμνήσκω | VERB | V-RMN---- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐκέλευον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐκέλευον. |
| 17 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P---AP-P- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 22 ἄρχουσιν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive μεμνῆσθαι, with its understood reflexive reference. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἄρχουσιν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 19 | ἀδικημάτων | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἄρχουσιν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἄρχουσιν: beginning acts of injustice. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ὕβρεως | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitives. |
| 21 | ὕβρεως | ὕβρις | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀδικημάτων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with ἀδικημάτων. |
| 22 | ἄρχουσιν | ἄρχω | VERB | V בפIAP-3P-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 μεμνῆσθαι | ccomp | high | Finite verb in the ὡς-content clause. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A----AP-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄρχουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional goal/target of ἄρχουσιν. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high |
ἀποστέλλουσι δὲ καὶ ἐς Ῥώμην ἄλλους τε Ἀχαιῶν τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ Θεαρίδαν· ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθον, ἐντυχόντες κατὰ τὴν ἄνοδον Ῥωμαίων πρέσβεσιν ἐπὶ τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ὕστερον ἢ Ὀρέστης ἀπεσταλμένοις, ὀπίσω καὶ αὐτοὶ τρέπονται.
The first clause has an understood third-person plural subject and coordinated objects ἄλλους ... καὶ Θεαρίδαν; ὡς introduces a temporal clause. In the participial clause, ἐντυχόντες governs πρέσβεσιν, while ἀπεσταλμένοις agrees with πρέσβεσιν and ὕστερον ἢ Ὀρέστης expresses later dispatch than Orestes. The final middle verb is coordinated with the preceding temporal sequence and has the travelers as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποστέλλουσι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἄλλους | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Ῥώμην | case | high | Variant/prepositional form of εἰς. |
| 5 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N-AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποστέλλουσι | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | PRON | A-AP-M-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀποστέλλουσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective/pronominal form. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἄλλους | cc | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄλλους | nmod | high | Partitive/relational genitive with ἄλλους. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 τέλει | case | high | |
| 11 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N-D-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | nmod | high | ἐν τέλει is an attributive phrase, ‘in office’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Θεαρίδαν | cc | high | |
| 13 | Θεαρίδαν | Θεαρίδας | PROPN | N-AM-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποστέλλουσι | obj | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσι | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀπῆλθον | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀπῆλθον | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀπῆλθον | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 38 τρέπονται | advcl | high | Aorist active form with intransitive meaning; subject is understood travelers. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀπῆλθον | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐντυχόντες | ἐντυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 38 τρέπονται | advcl | high | Conjunct participle sharing the understood subject of τρέπονται. |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 ἄνοδον | case | high | |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄνοδον | det | high | |
| 22 | ἄνοδον | ἄνοδος | NOUN | N-AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐντυχόντες | obl | high | Temporal/spatial accusative with κατά. |
| 23 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 πρέσβεσιν | nmod | high | |
| 24 | πρέσβεσιν | πρέσβυς | NOUN | N-DP-M-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐντυχόντες | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐντυγχάνω. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-AP-N-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 πρέσβεσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive proper-name form with substantivized τὰ; ἐπὶ τὰ ... likely denotes mission against/concerned with the Lacedaemonians. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 29 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GP-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 30 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-------- | Degree=Pos | 33 ἀπεσταλμένοις | advmod | high | Comparative adverbial form governing comparison with ἢ. |
| 31 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 ὕστερον | cc | high | Comparative conjunction. |
| 32 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-NS-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἀπεσταλμένοις | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle ἀπεσταλμένοις in the comparative phrase. |
| 33 | ἀπεσταλμένοις | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-RPP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 πρέσβεσιν | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with πρέσβεσιν; the form is dative plural masculine. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐντυχόντες | punct | high | |
| 35 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 38 τρέπονται | advmod | high | Adverb meaning back/away. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 τρέπονται | cc | high | |
| 37 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NP-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 38 τρέπονται | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject, ‘they themselves’. |
| 38 | τρέπονται | τρέπω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the concluding clause. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 τρέπονται | punct | high |