Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.14.4

← 7.14.3 7.14.5 →

Passage 7.14.4

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3sentences parsed

99Greek tokens

2,702input tokens

6,918output tokens

Sentence 1

7.14.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 13
Input: 703
Output: 1,026
Total: 1,729

Διαίῳ δὲ ἐξήκοντος τοῦ χρόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς στρατηγεῖν ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν ᾑρέθη Κριτόλαος.

Genitive absolute Διαίῳ ... ἐξήκοντος τοῦ χρόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς sets the temporal circumstance; ᾑρέθη is passive and takes στρατηγεῖν as a complementary infinitive, with ὑπό marking the agent.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Διαίῳ	Διαίος	PROPN	Ne-sm-s	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἐξήκοντος	nsubj	high	Proper name, subject of the genitive absolute.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ᾑρέθη	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐξήκοντος	ἐξήκω	VERB	V-PAP-GMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ᾑρέθη	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
4	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	R-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 χρόνου	det	high
5	χρόνου	χρόνος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἐξήκοντος	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐξήκοντος.
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	R-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἀρχῆς	det	high
7	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 χρόνου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on χρόνος, ‘the period of office’.
8	στρατηγεῖν	στρατηγέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ᾑρέθη	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive with passive ᾑρέθη.
9	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	10 Ἀχαιῶν	case	high	Agent marker with genitive.
10	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	Ne-gp	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ᾑρέθη	obl:agent	high	Agent of passive ᾑρέθη.
11	ᾑρέθη	αἱρέω	VERB	V-API-3S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist passive; form is orthographically/diacritically irregular in the supplied text, interpreted as ‘was chosen’.
12	Κριτόλαος	Κριτόλαος	PROPN	Ne-sm-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ᾑρέθη	nsubj:pass	high	Passive subject.
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ᾑρέθη	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.14.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 14
Input: 714
Output: 1,061
Total: 1,775

τοῦτον δριμὺς καὶ σὺν οὐδενὶ λογισμῷ τὸν Κριτόλαον πολεμεῖν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἔρως ἔσχε·

The construction is an impersonal-like expression: ἔρως is the subject and ἔσχε the root verb; τοῦτον is the object of ἔσχε, while the accusative τὸν Κριτόλαον is the subject of the complementary infinitive πολεμεῖν. δριμύς and σὺν οὐδενὶ λογισμῷ characterize the passion/action; attachment of δριμύς is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	PD-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἔσχε	obj	high
2	δριμὺς	δριμύς	ADJ	A-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἔρως	advmod	medium	Predicative/intensifying adjective; exact syntactic attachment is uncertain.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	2 δριμὺς	cc	high
4	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R	_	6 λογισμῷ	case	high
5	οὐδενὶ	οὐδείς	PRON	PX-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 λογισμῷ	det	high
6	λογισμῷ	λογισμός	NOUN	N-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 πολεμεῖν	obl	high	Prepositional adjunct with σύν, ‘without any calculation/judgment’.
7	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Κριτόλαον	det	high
8	Κριτόλαον	Κριτόλαος	PROPN	Ne-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 πολεμεῖν	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive.
9	πολεμεῖν	πολεμέω	VERB	V-PAN	Case=Acc\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ἔσχε	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive governed by ἔσχε.
10	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R	_	11 Ῥωμαίους	case	high
11	Ῥωμαίους	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	Ne-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 πολεμεῖν	obl	high	Object of πρὸς in the sense ‘against the Romans’.
12	ἔρως	ἔρως	NOUN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἔσχε	nsubj	medium	Subject of ἔσχε; semantically ‘passion/desire’.
13	ἔσχε	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἔσχε	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.14.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 72
Input: 1,285
Output: 4,831
Total: 6,116

καὶ---ἔτυχον γὰρ τότε ἤδη οἱ παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἥκοντες τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν δικάσαι---ἀφίκετο μὲν ἐν Τεγέᾳ τῇ Ἀρκάδων τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐς λόγους ὁ Κριτόλαος, ἀθροῖσαι δὲ Ἀχαιούς σφισιν ἐς κοινὸν σύλλογον οὐδαμῶς ἤθελεν, ἀλλὰ ἐς μὲν ἐπήκοον τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔπεμπεν ἀγγέλους κελεύων τοὺς συνέδρους καλεῖν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, ἰδίᾳ δὲ τοῖς συνέδροις ἐπέστελλεν ἐς τὰς πόλεις ἀπολείπεσθαι σφᾶς τοῦ συλλόγου.

Parenthetical γὰρ clause: οἱ παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἥκοντες is the subject of ἔτυχον, with ellipsis of an infinitive complement understood from δικάσαι; the main clause has ἀφίκετο and coordinated/contrasted infinitival purposes, while ἔπεμπεν and ἐπέστελλεν are imperfects with participial and infinitival complements.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	21 ἀφίκετο	cc	high
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
5	ἔτυχον	τυγχάνω	VERB	V-3PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	medium	Parenthetical imperfect/aorist-form verb; plural subject is οἱ ἥκοντες.
6	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	Part	_	5 ἔτυχον	discourse	high
7	τότε	τότε	ADV	Adv	_	5 ἔτυχον	advmod	high
8	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	Adv	_	5 ἔτυχον	advmod	high
9	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἥκοντες	det	high
10	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	Prep	_	11 Ῥωμαίων	case	high
11	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἥκοντες	obl	high	Ethnic proper noun used substantivally.
12	ἥκοντες	ἥκω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 ἔτυχον	nsubj	high
13	τὰ	ὁ	DET	Art-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 δικάσαι	det	high
14	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 δικάσαι	nmod	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	16 Ἀχαιῶν	cc	high
16	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 δικάσαι	nmod	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective; coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων.
17	δικάσαι	δικάζω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	5 ἔτυχον	xcomp	medium	Infinitive in parenthetical construction; exact control/ellipsis is uncertain.
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔτυχον	punct	high	Editorial dash.
21	ἀφίκετο	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
22	μὲν	μέν	PART	Part	_	21 ἀφίκετο	discourse	high
23	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	Prep	_	24 Τεγέᾳ	case	high
24	Τεγέᾳ	Τεγέα	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἀφίκετο	obl	high
25	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 Ἀρκάδων	det	high
26	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	24 Τεγέᾳ	nmod	high	Genitive of the Arcadians; τῇ Ἀρκάδων modifies Τεγέᾳ.
27	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 ἀνδράσιν	det	high
28	ἀνδράσιν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	30 λόγους	obl	high
29	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	30 λόγους	case	high
30	λόγους	λόγος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἀφίκετο	obl	high	ἐς λόγους, ‘to converse/for talks’.
31	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Art-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 Κριτόλαος	det	high
32	Κριτόλαος	Κριτόλαος	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἀφίκετο	nsubj	high
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἀφίκετο	punct	high
34	ἀθροῖσαι	ἀθροίζω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	21 ἀφίκετο	advcl	high	Purpose infinitive coordinated with the following negative construction.
35	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	34 ἀθροῖσαι	cc	high
36	Ἀχαιούς	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἀθροῖσαι	obj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective.
37	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	34 ἀθροῖσαι	iobj	medium	Dative of reference/association: ‘for them/their benefit’.
38	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	40 σύλλογον	case	high
39	κοινὸν	κοινός	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	40 σύλλογον	amod	high
40	σύλλογον	σύλλογος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ἀθροῖσαι	obl	high
41	οὐδαμῶς	οὐδαμῶς	ADV	Adv	Polarity=Neg	42 ἤθελεν	advmod	high
42	ἤθελεν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	21 ἀφίκετο	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb; subject is Κριτόλαος.
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	42 ἤθελεν	punct	high
44	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	Conj	_	50 ἔπεμπεν	cc	high
45	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	47 ἐπήκοον	case	high
46	μὲν	μέν	PART	Part	_	50 ἔπεμπεν	discourse	high
47	ἐπήκοον	ἐπήκοος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 ἔπεμπεν	obl	high	Substantivized neuter with εἰς: ‘for public hearing/knowledge’.
48	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	49 Ῥωμαίων	det	high
49	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	47 ἐπήκοον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἐπήκοον.
50	ἔπεμπεν	πέμπω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	42 ἤθελεν	conj	high	Finite verb coordinated under ἀλλά; subject Κριτόλαος.
51	ἀγγέλους	ἄγγελος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	50 ἔπεμπεν	obj	high
52	κελεύων	κελεύω	VERB	V-PAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	50 ἔπεμπεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with Κριτόλαος.
53	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	54 συνέδρους	det	high
54	συνέδρους	σύνεδρος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	55 καλεῖν	obj	high
55	καλεῖν	καλέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	52 κελεύων	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by κελεύων.
56	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	58 Ἀχαϊκόν	case	high
57	τὸ	ὁ	DET	Art-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	58 Ἀχαϊκόν	det	high
58	Ἀχαϊκόν	Ἀχαϊκός	PROPN	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	55 καλεῖν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, likely ‘the Achaean [assembly/place]’.
59	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἔπεμπεν	punct	high
60	ἰδίᾳ	ἴδιος	ADV	Adv	_	64 ἐπέστελλεν	advmod	high	Adverbial dative: privately/individually.
61	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	64 ἐπέστελλεν	cc	high
62	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	63 συνέδροις	det	high
63	συνέδροις	σύνεδρος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	64 ἐπέστελλεν	iobj	high
64	ἐπέστελλεν	ἐπιστέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	50 ἔπεμπεν	conj	high	Finite verb coordinated with ἔπεμπεν under ἀλλά.
65	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	67 πόλεις	case	high
66	τὰς	ὁ	DET	Art-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	67 πόλεις	det	high
67	πόλεις	πόλις	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	68 ἀπολείπεσθαι	obl	high
68	ἀπολείπεσθαι	ἀπολείπω	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Middle	64 ἐπέστελλεν	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by ἐπέστελλεν; middle is semantically ‘to remain/hold back’.
69	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-A3P	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	68 ἀπολείπεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of infinitive.
70	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Art-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	71 συλλόγου	det	high
71	συλλόγου	σύλλογος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	68 ἀπολείπεσθαι	obl	high	Genitive of separation with ἀπολείπεσθαι.
72	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἀφίκετο	punct	high

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