Grammar parses for passage 7.15.2
Open translation for this passage
ἀγγέλους οὖν παρὰ τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἀπέστελλεν, ἀφιέναι κελεύων σφᾶς συντελείας Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ πόλεις ἄλλας ὁπόσας εἴρητο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, τῆς τε ἐκ τοῦ χρόνου τοῦ προτέρου σφίσιν ἀπειθείας οὐδεμίαν παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ὑπισχνεῖτο ὀργὴν γενήσεσθαι.
The syntax is somewhat tangled by participial and infinitival complements; the phrase ἀγγέλους ... ἀπέστελλεν governs the participial clause κελεύων with the infinitive ἀφιέναι, while the final infinitival promise clause depends on ὑπισχνεῖτο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀγγέλους | ἄγγελος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέστελλεν. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase with Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀχαιοὺς | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 5 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | obl | high | Object of παρὰ in the sense 'among/to the Achaeans'. |
| 6 | ἀπέστελλεν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 κελεύων | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of κελεύων. |
| 9 | κελεύων | κελεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | advcl | high | Participial modifier of ἀπέστελλεν. |
| 10 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφιέναι. |
| 11 | συντελείας | συντέλεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 Λακεδαιμονίους | nmod | low | Likely genitive dependent of Λακεδαιμονίους; construction is textually/syntactically difficult. |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφιέναι | obj | medium | Likely appositional or coordinated accusative with σφᾶς, though context is difficult. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinates 14 and following. |
| 14 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Coordinated object of ἀφιέναι. |
| 15 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πόλεις | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of πόλεις. |
| 16 | ὁπόσας | ὁπόσος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 εἴρητο | obj | medium | Relative determiner functioning as object/accusative internal to the reported clause. |
| 17 | εἴρητο | ἐρῶ | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 14 πόλεις | acl:relcl | medium | Reported speech relative clause; form is morphologically unusual for expected meaning, but treated as the finite verb. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 17 εἴρητο | case | high | Agent marker. |
| 19 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρητο | obl | high | Agent/ablative genitive with ὑπό. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἀπειθείας | det | high | Article modifying ἀπειθείας. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 τῆς | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 23 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 25 χρόνου | case | high | Preposition governing χρόνου. |
| 24 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 χρόνου | det | high | Article modifying χρόνου. |
| 25 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἀπειθείας | nmod | high | Governed by ἐκ. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 προτέρου | det | high | Article modifying προτέρου. |
| 27 | προτέρου | πρότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 χρόνου | amod | high | Modifier of χρόνου. |
| 28 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 ἀπειθείας | iobj | high | Dative dependent of ἀπειθείας / related verbal noun sense. |
| 29 | ἀπειθείας | ἀπείθεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 τῆς | nmod | high | Genitive head of the nominal phrase with article. |
| 30 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 34 ὀργὴν | det | high | Determiner of ὀργήν. |
| 31 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 33 ὑπισχνεῖτο | case | high | Preposition with Ῥωμαίων. |
| 32 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ὑπισχνεῖτο | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ὑπισχνεῖτο. |
| 33 | ὑπισχνεῖτο | ὑπισχνέομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | conj | high | Coordinated verb with ἀπέστελλεν. |
| 34 | ὀργὴν | ὀργή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 γενήσεσθαι | obj | high | Object of infinitive γενήσεσθαι. |
| 35 | γενήσεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 33 ὑπισχνεῖτο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ὑπισχνεῖτο. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέστελλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἅμα τε δὴ ταῦτα ἐπεκηρυκεύετο καὶ ἤλαυνεν ἐκ Μακεδονίας τὸν στρατόν, διὰ Θεσσαλίας τὴν πορείαν καὶ παρὰ τὸν Λαμιακὸν ποιούμενος κόλπον.
The main difficulty is the participial clause διὰ Θεσσαλίας τὴν πορείαν καὶ παρὰ τὸν Λαμιακὸν ποιούμενος, where πορείαν is treated as the object of the participle, though the construction is somewhat loose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the first finite verb. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 1 ἅμα | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective particle; attachment is approximate. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G | _ | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπεκηρυκεύετο. |
| 5 | ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | ἐπεκηρυκεύομαι | VERB | V--3SII--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; imperfect middle/passive form. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἤλαυνεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἤλαυνεν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V--3SII--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 9 Μακεδονίας | case | high | Preposition governing Μακεδονίας. |
| 9 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N--SFG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἤλαυνεν | obl | high | Source/location phrase with ἐκ. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--SMA--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 στρατόν | det | high | Article modifying στρατόν. |
| 11 | στρατόν | στρατός | NOUN | N--SMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤλαυνεν | obj | high | Object of ἤλαυνεν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 14 Θεσσαλίας | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | Θεσσαλίας | Θεσσαλία | PROPN | N--SFG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ποιούμενος | obl | high | Route/location phrase dependent on participle. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--SFA--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 πορείαν | det | high | Article modifying πορείαν. |
| 16 | πορείαν | πορεία | NOUN | N--SFA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ποιούμενος | obj | high | Accusative of extent/direction with participle; exact relation somewhat interpretive. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 παρὰ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 20 Λαμιακὸν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--SMA--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Λαμιακὸν | det | high | Article modifying Λαμιακόν. |
| 20 | Λαμιακὸν | Λαμιακός | ADJ | A--SMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 κόλπον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of κόλπον. |
| 21 | ποιούμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V--SMP-XXX | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἤλαυνεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἤλαυνεν. |
| 22 | κόλπον | κόλπος | NOUN | N--SMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ποιούμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιούμενος. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Κριτόλαος δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ λόγον μὲν φέροντα ἐς σύμβασιν προσίεντο οὐδένα, Ἡράκλειαν δὲ προσεκάθηντο πολιορκοῦντες οὐ βουλομένους ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν συντελεῖν.
The syntax is somewhat difficult because λόγον μὲν φέροντα ἐς σύμβασιν is dependent on προσίεντο, while the second clause contains a participial chain around προσεκάθηντο; βουλομένους is textually/case-wise uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κριτόλαος | Κριτόλαος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 προσίεντο | nsubj | high | Subject of προσίεντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 προσίεντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἀχαιοὶ | cc | high | Joins Κριτόλαος and Ἀχαιοὶ. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Κριτόλαος | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 5 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 προσίεντο | obj | high | Object of προσίεντο. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 προσίεντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | φέροντα | φέρω | VERB | PAP-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 λόγον | acl | medium | Likely participial modifier of λόγον; agreement is somewhat irregular in the transmitted text. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 σύμβασιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 9 | σύμβασιν | σύμβασις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 φέροντα | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 10 | προσίεντο | προσίημι | VERB | V-I-----M- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | DET | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 5 λόγον | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of λόγον. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 προσίεντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | Ἡράκλειαν | Ἡράκλεια | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 προσεκάθηντο | obj | high | Object of προσεκάθηντο. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 προσεκάθηντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 15 | προσεκάθηντο | προσκαθέζομαι | VERB | V-I-----M- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 προσίεντο | conj | high | Coordinated main verb. |
| 16 | πολιορκοῦντες | πολιορκέω | VERB | PAP-PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 προσεκάθηντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with the subject of προσεκάθηντο. |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 18 βουλομένους | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 18 | βουλομένους | βούλομαι | VERB | PMP-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 προσεκάθηντο | advcl | medium | Likely participle in asyndetic subordinate relation; case/gender suggest attraction or textual difficulty. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 συντελεῖν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 συντελεῖν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective governed by συντελεῖν. |
| 22 | συντελεῖν | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 βουλομένους | xcomp | high | Complement of βουλομένους. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 προσίεντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |