Grammar parses for passage 7.15.1
Open translation for this passage
Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ παρά τε τῶν ἀνδρῶν διδαχθέντες οὓς ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀπέστειλαν καὶ ἐκ τῶν γραμμάτων ἃ Μέτελλος ἐπέστελλεν, ἀδικεῖν Ἀχαιῶν κατέγνωσαν·
The participle διδαχθέντες is coordinated across two source phrases (παρά ... καί ἐκ ...); each following relative clause modifies its source noun. ἀδικεῖν is the infinitival complement of κατέγνωσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Noun-Nom-Masc-Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 κατέγνωσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 κατέγνωσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παρά | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 ἀνδρῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | Part | _ | 3 παρά | advmod | medium | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνδρῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 διδαχθέντες | obl | high | Source with παρά. |
| 7 | διδαχθέντες | διδάσκω | VERB | Part-Aor-Pass-Nom-Masc-Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 κατέγνωσαν | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, subject controlled by Ῥωμαῖοι. |
| 8 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | Rel-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 ἀπέστειλαν | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπέστειλαν | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἀπέστειλαν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 διδαχθέντες | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἀνδρῶν. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 διδαχθέντες | cc | high | Coordinates the two source phrases. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 16 γραμμάτων | case | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Neut-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 γραμμάτων | det | high | |
| 16 | γραμμάτων | γράμμα | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Neut-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 διδαχθέντες | obl | high | Second source with ἐκ. |
| 17 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | Rel-Acc-Neut-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 19 ἐπέστελλεν | obj | high | |
| 18 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | Noun-Nom-Masc-Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπέστελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ἐπέστελλεν | ἐπιστέλλω | VERB | Verb-Impf-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 γραμμάτων | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying γράμματα. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 κατέγνωσαν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἀδικεῖν | ἀδικέω | VERB | Verb-Pres-Act-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 κατέγνωσαν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of κατέγνωσαν. |
| 22 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀδικεῖν | obj | medium | Genitive object/goal with ἀδικεῖν; exact case function is idiomatic. |
| 23 | κατέγνωσαν | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb: condemned/judged guilty. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 κατέγνωσαν | punct | high |
καὶ ἦν γὰρ Μόμμιός σφισιν ὕπατος τότε ᾑρημένος, τοῦτον ναῦς τε καὶ στρατιὰν πεζὴν ἐκέλευον ἐπʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἄγειν.
The first clause states that Mummius had been chosen consul; τοῦτον is the object of ἐκέλευον, with ναῦς and στρατιὰν as coordinated accusative objects of the infinitive ἄγειν. The subject of ἐκέλευον is implicit/understood from context; σφισιν is dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ᾑρημένος | cop | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | -------- | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | Explanatory postpositive particle. |
| 4 | Μόμμιός | Μόμμιος | PROPN | NeMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ᾑρημένος | nsubj | high | Proper name. |
| 5 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pd----3 | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ᾑρημένος | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 6 | ὕπατος | ὕπατος | NOUN | NbMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ᾑρημένος | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative, ‘consul’. |
| 7 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ᾑρημένος | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ᾑρημένος | αἱρέω | VERB | V3SRMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle participle; finite ἦν supplies the periphrastic pluperfect sense ‘had been chosen’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ᾑρημένος | punct | high | |
| 10 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PdAMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ἐκέλευον | obj | high | Object of ἐκέλευον. |
| 11 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | NbFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἄγειν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object-like complement with infinitive ἄγειν; coordinated with στρατιάν. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 ναῦς | cc | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 στρατιὰν | cc | high | |
| 14 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | NbFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ναῦς | conj | high | Coordinated with ναῦς; collective singular ‘infantry force’. |
| 15 | πεζὴν | πεζός | ADJ | A--FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 στρατιὰν | amod | high | |
| 16 | ἐκέλευον | κελεύω | VERB | V3PIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ᾑρημένος | parataxis | medium | Implicit contextual subject; governs τοῦτον and infinitive ἄγειν. |
| 17 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 18 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NeMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἄγειν | obl | high | Destination/against-goal with ἐπί. |
| 19 | ἄγειν | ἄγω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐκέλευον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after κελεύω. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐκέλευον | punct | high |
Μέτελλος δὲ παραυτίκα ἐπέπυστο ὡς Μόμμιος καὶ ὁ σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸς ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀφίκοιτο· καὶ ἐποιεῖτο σπουδήν, εἰ ἐπιθεὶς αὐτὸς πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ φανῇ πρὶν ἢ Μόμμιον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀφῖχθαι.
The reported clause after ὡς takes an optative (ἀφίκοιτο) in indirect discourse; the later εἰ-clause contains a circumstantial participle and a temporal πρίν + accusative-and-infinitive construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπέπυστο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D—— | _ | 4 ἐπέπυστο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐπέπυστο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | parataxis | medium | Pluperfect middle, with coordinated main clause following. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 14 ἀφίκοιτο | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 6 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφίκοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 11 στρατὸς | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 9 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R—— | _ | 10 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 10 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-Sd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 στρατὸς | obl | high | Object of σύν. |
| 11 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | Nb-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφίκοιτο | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with Μόμμιος. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R—— | _ | 13 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκοιτο | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐπί. |
| 14 | ἀφίκοιτο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-OAM-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 ἐπέπυστο | ccomp | high | Optative in indirect discourse after ὡς. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπέπυστο | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-II-M-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | σπουδήν | σπουδή | NOUN | Nb-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | Expression ποιεῖσθαι σπουδήν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 20 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 26 φανῇ | mark | high | Conditional clause. |
| 21 | ἐπιθεὶς | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-2AAP-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 φανῇ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with αὐτός. |
| 22 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐπιθεὶς | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of the participle. |
| 23 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | Nb-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐπιθεὶς | obj | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nb-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πέρας | obl | high | Dative complement with πέρας. |
| 26 | φανῇ | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-APS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the εἰ-clause; subject is understood as αὐτός. |
| 27 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 33 ἀφῖχθαι | mark | high | Introduces temporal infinitival clause. |
| 28 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 27 πρὶν | cc | medium | Correlative/alternative particle in πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 29 | Μόμμιον | Μόμμιος | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἀφῖχθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R—— | _ | 32 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 31 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 32 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἀφῖχθαι | obl | high | Goal with ἐς. |
| 33 | ἀφῖχθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2RMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 26 φανῇ | advcl | high | Infinitival temporal clause governed by πρίν. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐποιεῖτο | punct | high |