Grammar parses for passage 7.15.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀπιοῦσι δὲ ὀπίσω σφίσιν ἐς τὴν Πελοπόννησον Μέτελλος καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι περὶ Χαιρώνειαν ἐπιφαίνονται·
The dative σφίσιν is a plural personal pronoun, probably meaning ‘for/with them’ and associated with the departing participants; περὶ Χαιρώνειαν is a place expression, while Μέτελλος καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι is the coordinated subject of ἐπιφαίνονται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπιοῦσι | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπιφαίνονται | advcl | medium | Present active dative masculine plural participle, agreeing with an implicit or contextual plural participant; temporal/circumstantial. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐπιφαίνονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἀπιοῦσι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘back/behind’. |
| 4 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 1 ἀπιοῦσι | obl | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SAF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Πελοπόννησον | det | high | Definite article. |
| 7 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπιοῦσι | obl | high | Accusative of destination with ἐς. |
| 8 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιφαίνονται | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative singular. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Ῥωμαῖοι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 10 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-PM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Μέτελλος | conj | high | Coordinated nominative plural subject, ‘Romans’. |
| 11 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Χαιρώνειαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative in a place expression. |
| 12 | Χαιρώνειαν | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιφαίνονται | obl | high | Accusative place-name governed by περὶ. |
| 13 | ἐπιφαίνονται | ἐπιφαίνω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite middle verb, ‘appear/show themselves’; subject is Μέτελλος καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπιφαίνονται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔνθα δὴ ἐπελάμβανε τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἐκ θεῶν δίκη τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, οἳ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ Φιλίππου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐναντία ἀγωνιζομένους ἐγκαταλιπόντες Ἕλληνας τότε ἐν χωρίῳ τῷ αὐτῷ ἐκτείνοντο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
The relative clause οἳ ... ἐγκαταλιπόντες ... ἐκτείνοντο explains the Arcadians' divine punishment: after abandoning the Greeks fighting Philip and the Macedonians at Chaeronea, they were themselves cut down by the Romans. The participle ἀγωνιζομένους is accusative and agrees with Ἕλληνας, while ἐναντία is an adverbial accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐπελάμβανε | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V3SIAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect active; subject is δίκη. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PMA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-PMA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 θεῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-PMG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 δίκη | nmod | high | |
| 8 | δίκη | δίκη | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PMG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἑλληνικῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλληνικῶν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-PMG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 θεῶν | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, 'of the Greeks'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P--NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐκτείνοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ἀρκάδας. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | |
| 14 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | Ne-LSF---- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀγωνιζομένους | obl | medium | Dative form functioning locatively. |
| 15 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Ne-GSM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Μακεδόνων | nmod | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Μακεδόνων | cc | high | |
| 17 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀγωνιζομένους | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐναντία, 'against Philip and the Macedonians'. |
| 18 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADV | A---NA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἀγωνιζομένους | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter plural accusative, 'against/opposite'. |
| 19 | ἀγωνιζομένους | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PMPAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 20 ἐγκαταλιπόντες | acl | high | Agrees with Ἕλληνας. |
| 20 | ἐγκαταλιπόντες | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-PAPNPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 27 ἐκτείνοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with οἳ. |
| 21 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne-PMA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐγκαταλιπόντες | obj | high | |
| 22 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἐκτείνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 χωρίῳ | case | high | |
| 24 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκτείνοντο | obl | high | |
| 25 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 αὐτῷ | det | high | |
| 26 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-DSN---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 χωρίῳ | amod | high | Adjectival use: 'the same'. |
| 27 | ἐκτείνοντο | ἐκτείνω | VERB | V3PIAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 28 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 29 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Ne-GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐκτείνοντο | obl:agent | high | |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπελάμβανε | punct | high |