Grammar parses for passage 7.15.9
Open translation for this passage
Μέτελλος δὲ ὡς οἱ περὶ Χαιρώνειαν λογάδες κατέστρωντο οἱ Ἀρκάδων, ἀναστήσας τὸ στράτευμα ἤλαυνεν ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας·
Temporal ὡς-clause modifies ἤλαυνεν; the middle form κατέστρωντο is morphologically clear but semantically/lexically uncertain in this context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἤλαυνεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἤλαυνεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κατέστρωντο | mark | high | Introduces the temporal clause. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λογάδες | det | high | |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Χαιρώνειαν | case | high | |
| 6 | Χαιρώνειαν | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λογάδες | obl | high | Place-name governed by περί. |
| 7 | λογάδες | λογάς | NOUN | N---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατέστρωντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective/noun, 'picked men'. |
| 8 | κατέστρωντο | καταστρώννυμι | VERB | V3PIMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἤλαυνεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect middle; lexical sense is contextually difficult, likely 'had been defeated/laid low'. |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λογάδες | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the picked men as Arcadians; article belongs with the ethnic noun. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἤλαυνεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀναστήσας | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-AAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἤλαυνεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Μέτελλος. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 14 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | N---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀναστήσας | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἤλαυνεν | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V3IAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Θήβας | case | high | |
| 17 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S---APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 Θήβας | det | high | |
| 18 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N---APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἤλαυνεν | obl | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἤλαυνεν | punct | high |
Ἡράκλειάν τε γὰρ ἐπολιόρκησαν οἱ Θηβαῖοι μετὰ Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ πρὸς Σκάρφειαν μετεσχήκεσαν.
The first clause has Θηβαῖοι as subject of ἐπολιόρκησαν, with Ἡράκλειαν as object; μετὰ Ἀχαιῶν coordinates with μετὰ ἀγῶνος τοῦ πρὸς Σκάρφειαν, both governed by μετεσχήκεσαν. The coordination between the two predicates is slightly compressed; ἀγῶνος is genitive with μετέχω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡράκλειάν | Ἡράκλεια | PROPN | Neuter? | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 4 | ἐπολιόρκησαν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 7 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | With genitive: ‘with’. |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μετεσχήκεσαν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of μετέχω, with μετὰ retained as a prepositional/constructional marker. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀγῶνος | cc | high | Coordinates ἀγῶνος with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 10 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μετεσχήκεσαν | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετέχω. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 13 Σκάρφειαν | case | high | Introduces the goal/opponent of the contest. |
| 13 | Σκάρφειαν | Σκάρφεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀγῶνος | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς within the genitive description. |
| 14 | μετεσχήκεσαν | μετέχω | VERB | V-3PRAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | conj | medium | Perfect form; subject is understood Θηβαῖοι, and the coordinated construction is syntactically compressed. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπολιόρκησαν | punct | high |
τότε δὲ αὐτοί τε καὶ γυναῖκες ἐκλελοιπότες πᾶσα ἡλικία τὴν πόλιν ἐπλανῶντο ἀνὰ τὴν Βοιωτίαν καὶ ἐς τῶν ὀρῶν τὰ ἄκρα ἀνέφευγον.
The syntax is difficult at ἐκλελοιπότες πᾶσα ἡλικία: the participle is masculine plural with the coordinated subject αὐτοί τε καὶ γυναῖκες, while πᾶσα ἡλικία is best treated as its nominative subject-like complement, probably meaning people of every age after abandoning the city.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | nsubj | high | Correlative subject with γυναῖκες. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 3 αὐτοί | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 6 γυναῖκες | cc | high | Coordinates γυναῖκες with αὐτοί. |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 αὐτοί | conj | high | |
| 7 | ἐκλελοιπότες | ἐκλείπω | VERB | VPAPNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | advcl | medium | Perfect active participle, agreeing with αὐτοί; likely circumstantial, with γυναῖκες understood in the coordinated subject. |
| 8 | πᾶσα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἡλικία | amod | high | |
| 9 | ἡλικία | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκλελοιπότες | nsubj | medium | Likely nominative subject of the participle, meaning every age group; agreement is feminine singular. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 11 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐπλανῶντο | πλανάω | VERB | VI-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | Preposition | _ | 15 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Βοιωτίαν | det | high | |
| 15 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | obl | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 22 ἀνέφευγον | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb with ἐπλανῶντο. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Preposition | _ | 21 ἄκρα | case | high | |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 19 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἄκρα | nmod | high | |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 21 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀνέφευγον | obl | high | Accusative complement of εἰς. |
| 22 | ἀνέφευγον | ἀναφεύγω | VERB | VI-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | conj | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπλανῶντο | punct | high |