Grammar parses for passage 7.15.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐνταῦθα ὁ Δίαιος ἐς ἅπαν ἀφίκετο ἀνοίας, ὃς Κριτόλαον καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἀχαιῶν ἐπιστάμενος παρασκευὴν κακῶς οὕτως ἀγωνισαμένην πρὸς Μέτελλον ἀπέλεξεν αὐτὸς ὅσον τετρακισχιλίους· καὶ ἄρχοντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἔταξεν Ἀλκαμένην.
Relative clause ὃς...ἀπέλεξεν describes Δίαιος; ἐπιστάμενος and ἀγωνισαμένην are participial modifiers, while ὅσον τετρακισχιλίους is an elliptical quantity expression (approximately four thousand men).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 6 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Δίαιος | det | high | |
| 3 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 ἅπαν | case | high | |
| 5 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Adverbial accusative: 'to the utmost extent'. |
| 6 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀνοίας | ἄνοια | NOUN | N--G sf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφίκετο | obl | medium | Genitive of state/extent with ἀφικνέομαι: 'of folly'. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-RNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun refers to Δίαιος. |
| 10 | Κριτόλαον | Κριτόλαος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | obj | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 παρασκευὴν | cc | high | |
| 12 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παρασκευὴν | amod | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 παρασκευὴν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N--GP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 παρασκευὴν | nmod | high | |
| 15 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PPNMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with ὃς. |
| 16 | παρασκευὴν | παρασκευή | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπιστάμενος | obj | high | |
| 17 | κακῶς | κακῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀγωνισαμένην | advmod | high | |
| 18 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀγωνισαμένην | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἀγωνισαμένην | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-AP-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 παρασκευὴν | acl | high | Agrees with παρασκευήν. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 21 Μέτελλον | case | high | |
| 21 | Μέτελλον | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀγωνισαμένην | obl | medium | Name form and lemma uncertain; governed by πρὸς. |
| 22 | ἀπέλεξεν | ἀπολέγω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἀφίκετο | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 23 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | nsubj | high | Intensive/emphatic pronoun; explicit subject. |
| 24 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 25 τετρακισχιλίους | det | medium | Correlative quantity expression with τετρακισχιλίους. |
| 25 | τετρακισχιλίους | τετρακισχίλιοι | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | obj | medium | Elliptical accusative, likely 'four thousand [men]'. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | punct | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἔταξεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite action. |
| 28 | ἄρχοντα | ἄρχων | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἔταξεν | obj | high | Object/predicative appointment complement with τάσσω. |
| 29 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 30 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 30 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 31 ἔταξεν | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: over/in charge of them. |
| 31 | ἔταξεν | τάσσω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπέλεξεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέλεξεν. |
| 32 | Ἀλκαμένην | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἔταξεν | obj | high | |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
ἀπεστέλλοντο δὲ ἐς Μέγαρα φρουρά τε εἶναι Μεγαρεῦσι τοῦ ἄστεως καί, ἢν Μέτελλος ἐπίῃ καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, τοῦ πρόσω σφᾶς κωλύειν.
The sentence has an impersonal/agentless passive ἀπεστέλλοντο with coordinated infinitival purposes: φρουρά ... εἶναι and τοῦ ... κωλύειν; ἢν introduces a conditional clause with ἐπίῃ as subjunctive. The attachment of the genitive τοῦ πρόσω to κωλύειν is interpreted as an elliptical directional expression, ‘to prevent them from advancing farther’; τοῦ ἄστεως is dependent on φρουρά.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπεστέλλοντο | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπεστέλλοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Μέγαρα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Μέγαρα | Μέγαρα | PROPN | NPN-AP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπεστέλλοντο | obl | high | Neuter plural place-name. |
| 5 | φρουρά | φρουρά | NOUN | NNS-NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with εἶναι in an infinitival purpose construction. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 φρουρά | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival purpose complements. |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπεστέλλοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive of purpose/content after ἀπεστέλλοντο. |
| 8 | Μεγαρεῦσι | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | NPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἶναι | iobj | high | Dative of the people served/protected. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 10 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 φρουρά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φρουρά, specifying the guarded city. |
| 11 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 κωλύειν | cc | medium | Coordinates the second infinitival purpose with εἶναι; attachment is structurally discontinuous. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καί | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐπίῃ | mark | high | Conditional conjunction with crasis/short form. |
| 14 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπίῃ | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπίῃ | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAS-3S | Mood=Subj|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 κωλύειν | advcl | high | Present subjunctive in the conditional protasis. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Ῥωμαῖοι | cc | high | |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Ῥωμαῖοι | det | high | Article used substantivally with Ῥωμαῖοι. |
| 18 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐπίῃ | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἐπίῃ; plural coordination makes the clause semantically collective. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐπίῃ | punct | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 πρόσω | det | high | Article in an adverbial/elliptical genitive expression. |
| 21 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 κωλύειν | advmod | medium | Adverb meaning ‘farther/forward’; the preceding τοῦ may reflect an elliptical genitive construction. |
| 22 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 23 κωλύειν | obj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, object of κωλύειν. |
| 23 | κωλύειν | κωλύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπεστέλλοντο | xcomp | high | Second coordinated infinitive of purpose/content. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπεστέλλοντο | punct | high |