Grammar parses for passage 7.16.1
Open translation for this passage
Μόμμιος δὲ Ὀρέστην ἅμα ἀγόμενος, τὸν πρότερον ἐπὶ τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων διαφορᾷ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἐλθόντα, ἀφίκετο μὲν περὶ ὄρθρον ἐς τὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στράτευμα, ἀποπέμψας δὲ ἐς Μακεδονίαν Μέτελλον καὶ ὅσον εἵπετο ἐκείνῳ, ἀνέμενεν αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ ἰσθμῷ τὴν πᾶσαν ἀθροισθῆναι παρασκευήν.
The sentence has two coordinated finite predicates (ἀφίκετο ... ἀνέμενεν); the second is analyzed as a paratactic root, while the participial and infinitival constructions depend on their respective predicates. The ὅσον ... εἵπετο phrase is syntactically difficult because the quantifying accusative and singular collective agreement are not fully transparent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 17 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ὀρέστην | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀγόμενος | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | Dq | _ | 5 ἀγόμενος | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participial action. |
| 5 | ἀγόμενος | ἄγω | VERB | V-ppnpm-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 17 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial present middle/passive participle with Μόμμιος as understood subject. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀγόμενος | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-amp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλθόντα | det | high | |
| 8 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | Dq | _ | 15 ἐλθόντα | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'formerly'. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 12 διαφορᾷ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S-tdf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 διαφορᾷ | det | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-g---p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 διαφορᾷ | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 12 | διαφορᾷ | διαφορά | NOUN | Nc-s-d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλθόντα | obl | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-g---p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 διαφορᾷ | conj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 15 | ἐλθόντα | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-papam-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 Ὀρέστην | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Ὀρέστην. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐλθόντα | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-papim-s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 17 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, paired with δέ at token 28. |
| 19 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R- | _ | 20 ὄρθρον | case | high | |
| 20 | ὄρθρον | ὄρθρος | NOUN | Ncmsay | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Temporal accusative with περί. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 25 στράτευμα | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-nan | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 στράτευμα | det | high | |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S-gpn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-g---p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 στράτευμα | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 25 | στράτευμα | στράτευμα | NOUN | Nc-na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 στράτευμα | punct | high | |
| 27 | ἀποπέμψας | ἀποπέμπω | VERB | V-papam-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 37 ἀνέμενεν | advcl | high | Preposed circumstantial participle, sharing Μόμμιος as subject. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 37 ἀνέμενεν | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 18. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 30 Μακεδονίαν | case | high | |
| 30 | Μακεδονίαν | Μακεδονία | PROPN | Ne-s---a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀποπέμψας | obl | high | |
| 31 | Μέτελλον | Μέτελλος | PROPN | Ne-s---a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀποπέμψας | obj | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cj | _ | 34 εἵπετο | cc | high | |
| 33 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P-s---ma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 εἵπετο | obj | medium | Relative/quantifying pronoun, 'as many as'; antecedent is understood group associated with Μέτελλος. |
| 34 | εἵπετο | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-pii--s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 31 Μέτελλον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause describing the contingent; singular agreement is collective/semantic or textually difficult. |
| 35 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-s---md | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 εἵπετο | iobj | high | |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀποπέμψας | punct | high | |
| 37 | ἀνέμενεν | ἀναμένω | VERB | V-ii--s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite verb; coordination with ἀφίκετο is paratactic. |
| 38 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---mn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνέμενεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 39 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 41 ἰσθμῷ | case | high | |
| 40 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S-mdn | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἰσθμῷ | det | high | |
| 41 | ἰσθμῷ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | Nc-md | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνέμενεν | obl | high | |
| 42 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-afs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 παρασκευήν | det | high | |
| 43 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-s---fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 παρασκευήν | amod | high | |
| 44 | ἀθροισθῆναι | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-pna | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 37 ἀνέμενεν | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive-like complement after ἀνέμενεν, with παρασκευήν as accusative subject. |
| 45 | παρασκευήν | παρασκευή | NOUN | Nc-fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ἀθροισθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἀνέμενεν | punct | high |
ἀφίκετο δὲ ἱππικὸν μὲν πεντακόσιοί τε καὶ τρισχίλιοι, τοῦ πεζοῦ δὲ ἀριθμὸς ἐγένετο ἐς μυριάδας δύο προσόντων καὶ τούτοις τρισχιλίων·
The sentence coordinates an arrived cavalry contingent with the infantry total: 3,500 cavalry, while the infantry numbered two myriads plus 3,000; προσόντων is a genitive absolute-like participial supplement, with τούτοις referring to the two myriads.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἱππικὸν | ἱππικός | NOUN | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘cavalry’; singular collective subject. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 ἱππικὸν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 12. |
| 5 | πεντακόσιοί | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 3 ἱππικὸν | appos | high | Numerical predicate/apposition specifying the cavalry. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 πεντακόσιοί | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination in the numeral. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 τρισχίλιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the numeral components. |
| 8 | τρισχίλιοι | τρισχίλιοι | NUM | M-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 πεντακόσιοί | conj | high | Numeral coordinated with πεντακόσιοί; together ‘three thousand five hundred’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεζοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | πεζοῦ | πεζός | NOUN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘infantry’; genitive dependent on ἀριθμός. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀριθμὸς | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 4. |
| 13 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 ἀφίκετο | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate after the μέν clause. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 μυριάδας | case | high | |
| 16 | μυριάδας | μυριάς | NOUN | N-PAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Predicate/resultative quantity with ἐς, ‘to two myriads’. |
| 17 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-----AP- | Case=Acc|NumType=Card | 16 μυριάδας | nummod | high | Indeclinable cardinal modifying μυριάδας. |
| 18 | προσόντων | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GP- | Case=Gen|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 μυριάδας | advcl | medium | Genitive plural participle, likely supplementary/genitive absolute-like; understood ‘with ... being present/in addition’. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 τρισχιλίων | cc | high | Coordinates the added quantity with the preceding amount. |
| 20 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 προσόντων | obl | medium | Dative with προσόντων; refers anaphorically to the two myriads. |
| 21 | τρισχιλίων | τρισχίλιοι | NUM | M-GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 18 προσόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of προσόντων, ‘three thousand additionally being present’; coordinated semantically with the preceding quantity. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
ἐπῆλθον δὲ καὶ τοξόται Κρῆτες καὶ ἐκ Περγάμου τῆς ὑπὲρ Καΐκου Φιλοποίμην στρατιώτας ἄγων παρὰ Ἀττάλου.
The sentence coordinates the subject τοξόται Κρῆτες with an implied/elliptical verb for Φιλοποίμην; ἄγων is a nominative masculine singular circumstantial participle, and στρατιώτας is its object. The participial phrase is syntactically somewhat compressed, so the attachment of παρὰ Ἀττάλου is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπῆλθον | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπῆλθον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 τοξόται | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοξόται | τοξότης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπῆλθον | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | Κρῆτες | Κρής | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 τοξόται | appos | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπῆλθον | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Περγάμου | case | high | |
| 8 | Περγάμου | Πέργαμος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπῆλθον | obl | high | |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπὲρ | det | high | |
| 10 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Καΐκου | case | high | |
| 11 | Καΐκου | Καΐκος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Περγάμου | nmod | high | |
| 12 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπῆλθον | conj | medium | Proper name is accusative; the construction is compressed/elliptical after the coordinated subject. |
| 13 | στρατιώτας | στρατιώτης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἄγων | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 Φιλοποίμην | advcl | high | Nominative singular masculine participle; likely agrees with the implied subject associated with Φιλοποίμην. |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἀττάλου | case | medium | Preposition with genitive, indicating source/origin. |
| 16 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγων | obl | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπῆλθον | punct | high |