Grammar parses for passage 7.16.2
Open translation for this passage
Μόμμιος μὲν δὴ τῶν τε ἐξ Ἰταλίας τινὰς καὶ τὰ ἐπικουρικὰ ἀπωτέρω δύο τε καὶ δέκα ἔταξε σταδίοις, πρὸ τοῦ παντὸς εἶναι στρατεύματος φυλακήν·
The final phrase πρὸ τοῦ παντὸς εἶναι στρατεύματος φυλακήν is syntactically compressed; I treat it as an articular infinitive construction headed by φυλακήν, though the exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔταξε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔταξε. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Μόμμιος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 17 ἔταξε | discourse | high | Emphatic particle modifying the clause. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 τινὰς | det | medium | Article introducing substantive τινάς. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 τῶν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἰταλίας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰταλίας. |
| 7 | Ἰταλίας | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τινὰς | nmod | high | Dependent of τινάς in the genitive phrase. |
| 8 | τινὰς | τις | PRON | RI-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 17 ἔταξε | obj | high | Accusative object, with partitive genitive phrase. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 10 τὰ | cc | high | Connects coordinated objects. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπικουρικὰ | det | high | Article with ἐπικουρικὰ. |
| 11 | ἐπικουρικὰ | ἐπικουρικός | ADJ | A-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔταξε | obj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 12 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπώτερος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 17 ἔταξε | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔταξε; literal sense 'farther away'. |
| 13 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 16 δέκα | nummod | high | First numeral in the distance expression. |
| 14 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 δύο | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 13 δύο | cc | high | Coordinates numerals. |
| 16 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 18 σταδίοις | nummod | high | Part of 'twelve' modifying σταδίοις. |
| 17 | ἔταξε | τάσσω | VERB | V-A-AI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 18 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔταξε | obl | high | Dative of measure/extent. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔταξε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | πρὸ | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 φυλακήν | case | high | Preposition governing the infinitival clause. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 στρατεύματος | det | high | Article in articular infinitive. |
| 22 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 στρατεύματος | amod | high | Modifies στρατεύματος. |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 φυλακήν | cop | medium | Infinitival copula in articular infinitive construction. |
| 24 | στρατεύματος | στράτευμα | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 φυλακήν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive phrase. |
| 25 | φυλακήν | φυλακή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔταξε | obl | medium | Accusative complement of πρὸ τοῦ; functionally purpose/result-like subordinate phrase. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔταξε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Ἀχαιοὶ δέ, ἐχόντων ἀφυλακτότερον ὑπὸ φρονήματος τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ἐπιτίθενται τοῖς ἐπὶ φυλακῆς αὐτοῖς τῆς πρώτης, καὶ τοὺς μὲν φονεύουσι, πλείονας δὲ ἔτι ἐς τὸ στρατόπεδον κατεῖρξαν, καὶ ἀσπίδας ὅσον τε πεντακοσίας εἷλον.
The opening genitive absolute (ἐχόντων...) modifies the main clause; the sequence of coordinated verbs ἐπιτίθενται, φονεύουσι, κατεῖρξαν, and εἷλον shares the same subject Ἀχαιοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπιτίθενται. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | ἀφυλακτότερον | ἀφυλακτότερος | ADV | R-------- | Degree=Cmp | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 φρονήματος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 7 | φρονήματος | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφυλακτότερον | obl | high | Object of ὑπό; reason/cause. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | Article modifying Ῥωμαίων. |
| 9 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 φρονήματος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φρονήματος. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐπιτίθενται | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-PII3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 αὐτοῖς | det | high | Article introducing datival phrase. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 φυλακῆς | case | high | Preposition modifying φυλακῆς. |
| 14 | φυλακῆς | φυλακή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 αὐτοῖς | nmod | high | Complement of ἐπί. |
| 15 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | obl | high | Dative object/goal with the attacking verb. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 πρώτης | det | high | Article modifying πρώτης. |
| 17 | πρώτης | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φυλακῆς | amod | medium | Likely modifies φυλακῆς; attached to the genitive noun. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 22 φονεύουσι | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding verb phrase. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 φονεύουσι | obj | medium | Article with omitted/implicit noun or pronominalized object; attached directly to verb. |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 20 τοὺς | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 22 | φονεύουσι | φονεύω | VERB | V-PIA3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | conj | high | First coordinated predicate. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 φονεύουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | πλείονας | πλείων | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 κατεῖρξαν | obj | medium | Direct object of κατεῖρξαν; comparative adjective used substantively. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 30 κατεῖρξαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 30 κατεῖρξαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κατεῖρξαν. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 στρατόπεδον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 στρατόπεδον | det | high | Article modifying στρατόπεδον. |
| 29 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 κατεῖρξαν | obl | high | Goal/location phrase with ἐς. |
| 30 | κατεῖρξαν | κατείργω | VERB | V-AAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 κατεῖρξαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 37 εἷλον | cc | high | Coordinates final predicate. |
| 33 | ἀσπίδας | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 εἷλον | obj | high | Direct object of εἷλον. |
| 34 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 εἷλον | advmod | medium | Adverbial/quantifying modifier of the object phrase; elliptical with τε πεντακοσίας. |
| 35 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 34 ὅσον | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 36 | πεντακοσίας | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 ἀσπίδας | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ἀσπίδας. |
| 37 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | conj | high | Third coordinated predicate. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπιτίθενται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ τοῦ ἔργου καὶ ἐπήρθησαν οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἔξοδον πρότερον πρὶν ἢ Ῥωμαίους ἄρχειν μάχης·
The syntax is straightforward overall, but πρὶν ἢ Ῥωμαίους ἄρχειν μάχης is a comparative-temporal infinitival clause with an accusative subject of the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἔργου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | PDS-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἔργου | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἔργου. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἔργου | det | high | Article modifying ἔργου. |
| 5 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-SN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἐπήρθησαν | ἐπαίρω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀχαιοὶ | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιοὶ. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-PM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | nsubj | medium | Proper-name-like ethnic adjective used substantively. |
| 10 | ποιήσασθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMPN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of purpose/result. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἔξοδον | det | high | Article with ἔξοδον. |
| 12 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποιήσασθαι | obj | high | Direct object of ποιήσασθαι. |
| 13 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D | _ | 10 ποιήσασθαι | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying ποιήσασθαι. |
| 14 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἄρχειν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἄρχειν | cc | high | Paired with πρίν in a comparative-temporal construction. |
| 16 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἄρχειν | obj | medium | Accusative subject-like argument of infinitive after πρὶν ἢ. |
| 17 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 πρὶν | advcl | high | Infinitival clause dependent on πρίν. |
| 18 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄρχειν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄρχειν. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπήρθησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |