Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.16.3

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Passage 7.16.3

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Sentence 1

7.16.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 28
Input: 863
Output: 2,146
Total: 3,009

ὡς δὲ ἀντεπῆγε καὶ ὁ Μόμμιος, οἱ μὲν ἐς τὸ ἱππικὸν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ταχθέντες αὐτίκα ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες, τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἵππου μηδὲ τὴν πρώτην ἔφοδον ὑπομείναντες·

ὡς introduces a temporal clause; ἀντεπῆγε is coordinated with the implied/understood advance of the Roman force. The οἱ μέν phrase is substantivized and modifies ταχθέντες, while the genitive absolute-like participial phrase τῆς ... ἵππου ... ὑπομείναντες is best analyzed as a genitive object/complement construction dependent on the fleeing cavalrymen, with μηδέ negating the participle.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CS	_	3 ἀντεπῆγε	mark	high	Temporal conjunction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	3 ἀντεπῆγε	cc	high	Postpositive coordinator.
3	ἀντεπῆγε	ἀντεπάγω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	17 ᾤχοντο	advcl	medium	Imperfect active; subject is Μόμμιος, with ὡς clause temporal to the main verb.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	6 Μόμμιος	cc	high	Coordinates Μόμμιος with a contextually understood subject/force.
5	ὁ	ὁ	DET	DA-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Μόμμιος	det	high
6	Μόμμιος	Μόμμιος	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀντεπῆγε	nsubj	high	Proper-name subject of ἀντεπῆγε.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἀντεπῆγε	punct	high
8	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	RD-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	15 ταχθέντες	nsubj	medium	Substantivized article/pronominal οἱ, resumed by ταχθέντες.
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	X	_	8 οἱ	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; counterpart is not overtly expressed here.
10	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	12 ἱππικὸν	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἱππικὸν	det	high
12	ἱππικὸν	ἱππικός	NOUN	A-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ταχθέντες	obl	high	Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘cavalry’; governed by ἐς.
13	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DA-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	14 Ἀχαιῶν	det	high
14	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	12 ἱππικὸν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἱππικόν.
15	ταχθέντες	τάσσω	VERB	V-APP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	17 ᾤχοντο	acl	high	Aorist passive participle agreeing with οἱ; expresses prior assignment.
16	αὐτίκα	αὐτίκα	ADV	D	_	17 ᾤχοντο	advmod	high	Immediately.
17	ᾤχοντο	οἴχομαι	VERB	V-IMI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate, ‘went away/departed’.
18	φεύγοντες	φεύγω	VERB	V-PAP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	17 ᾤχοντο	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, ‘fleeing’.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ᾤχοντο	punct	high
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	DG-FGS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἵππου	det	high
21	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plural	22 ἵππου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἵππου, ‘of the Romans’.
22	ἵππου	ἵππος	NOUN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ὑπομείναντες	obj	high	Genitive object of ὑπομείναντες.
23	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	C-	_	27 ὑπομείναντες	cc	medium	Negative coordinator/adverb introducing the participial complement.
24	τὴν	ὁ	DET	DA-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ἔφοδον	det	high
25	πρώτην	πρῶτος	ADJ	A-AFS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ἔφοδον	amod	high	First in order; modifies ἔφοδον.
26	ἔφοδον	ἔφοδος	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ὑπομείναντες	obj	high	Accusative object of ὑπομείναντες.
27	ὑπομείναντες	ὑπομένω	VERB	V-AAP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	17 ᾤχοντο	advcl	medium	Aorist participle, ‘not even enduring’; μηδέ negates it. The preceding genitive ἵππου is construed as genitive object, though an absolute-style reading is possible.
28	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ᾤχοντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.16.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 52
Input: 1,095
Output: 3,580
Total: 4,675

ὁ δὲ πεζὸς στρατὸς ἀθύμως μὲν εἶχεν ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων τῇ τροπῇ, δεξάμενοι δὲ τὴν ἐμβολὴν τοῦ ὁπλιτικοῦ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων βιαζόμενοί τε τῷ πλήθει καὶ ἀπαγορεύοντες τοῖς τραύμασιν ὅμως ἀντεῖχον ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ, πρίν γε δὴ Ῥωμαίων λογάδες χίλιοι προσπεσόντες κατὰ τὰ πλάγια ἐς τελέαν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς φυγὴν κατέστησαν.

The finite verbs εἶχεν and ἀντεῖχον coordinate successive clauses; δεξάμενοι, βιαζόμενοι, ἀπαγορεύοντες, and προσπεσόντες are participial modifiers, with the final clause headed by κατέστησαν. The phrase ἐς τελέαν ... φυγήν is an idiomatic result expression.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 στρατὸς	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C----	_	7 εἶχεν	cc	high
3	πεζὸς	πεζός	ADJ	A--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 στρατὸς	amod	high
4	στρατὸς	στρατός	NOUN	N--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 εἶχεν	nsubj	high
5	ἀθύμως	ἄθυμος	ADV	A----	_	7 εἶχεν	advmod	high
6	μὲν	μέν	PART	G----	_	7 εἶχεν	discourse	high
7	εἶχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R----	_	10 ἱππέων	case	high
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἱππέων	det	high
10	ἱππέων	ἱππεύς	NOUN	N--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 εἶχεν	obl	high	ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων: concerning the cavalry.
11	τῇ	ὁ	DET	RA--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 τροπῇ	det	high
12	τροπῇ	τροπή	NOUN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 εἶχεν	obl	medium	Dative of circumstance/time: at the rout.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 εἶχεν	punct	high
14	δεξάμενοι	δέχομαι	VERB	V-AMP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	31 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Subject understood as the infantry.
15	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C----	_	31 ἀντεῖχον	cc	high
16	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐμβολὴν	det	high
17	ἐμβολὴν	ἐμβολή	NOUN	N--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 δεξάμενοι	obj	high
18	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ὁπλιτικοῦ	det	high
19	ὁπλιτικοῦ	ὁπλιτικός	ADJ	A--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἐμβολὴν	nmod	high	Substantivized adjective: the heavy infantry.
20	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 Ῥωμαίων	det	high
21	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	NE--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ὁπλιτικοῦ	nmod	high
22	βιαζόμενοί	βιάζομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	31 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Subject understood as the Achaeans/infantry.
23	τε	τε	PART	G----	_	22 βιαζόμενοί	cc	high
24	τῷ	ὁ	DET	RA--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 πλήθει	det	high
25	πλήθει	πλῆθος	NOUN	N--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 βιαζόμενοί	obl	high	Dative of means/force.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C----	_	27 ἀπαγορεύοντες	cc	high
27	ἀπαγορεύοντες	ἀπαγορεύω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	31 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Coordinated with βιαζόμενοι.
28	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	RA--DPN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 τραύμασιν	det	high
29	τραύμασιν	τραῦμα	NOUN	N--DPN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 ἀπαγορεύοντες	obl	high	Dative with ἀπαγορεύοντες: giving out under wounds / exhausted by wounds.
30	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	D----	_	31 ἀντεῖχον	advmod	high
31	ἀντεῖχον	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	7 εἶχεν	conj	high	Finite clause coordinated with εἶχεν; subject is the infantry.
32	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R----	_	34 θυμοῦ	case	high
33	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 θυμοῦ	det	high
34	θυμοῦ	θυμός	NOUN	N--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἀντεῖχον	obl	high	ὑπό with genitive expresses motive/cause: under the impulse of spirit.
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἀντεῖχον	punct	high
36	πρίν	πρίν	SCONJ	C----	_	51 κατέστησαν	mark	high	Introduces a temporal clause.
37	γε	γε	PART	G----	_	36 πρίν	advmod	high
38	δὴ	δή	PART	G----	_	36 πρίν	advmod	high
39	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	NE--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 λογάδες	nmod	high
40	λογάδες	λογάς	NOUN	N--NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	51 κατέστησαν	nsubj	high
41	χίλιοι	χίλιοι	NUM	M----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	40 λογάδες	nummod	high	agrees with λογάδες.
42	προσπεσόντες	προσπίπτω	VERB	V-2AAP-NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	51 κατέστησαν	advcl	high	Temporal/circumstantial participle, subject λογάδες.
43	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R----	_	45 πλάγια	case	high
44	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA--APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	45 πλάγια	det	high
45	πλάγια	πλάγιος	NOUN	A--APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	42 προσπεσόντες	obl	medium	Substantivized adjective: the flanks/sides.
46	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R----	_	50 φυγὴν	case	high
47	τελέαν	τέλειος	ADJ	A--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 φυγὴν	amod	high
48	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	49 Ἀχαιοὺς	det	high
49	Ἀχαιοὺς	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	NE--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	51 κατέστησαν	obj	high
50	φυγὴν	φυγή	NOUN	N--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	51 κατέστησαν	obl	medium	Accusative with εἰς; εἰς τελέαν φυγήν denotes into complete flight.
51	κατέστησαν	καθίστημι	VERB	V-2AAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	31 ἀντεῖχον	advcl	high	Temporal clause governed by πρίν; subject λογάδες.
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἀντεῖχον	punct	high

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