Grammar parses for passage 7.16.4
Open translation for this passage
εἰ δὲ ἐτόλμησεν ἐσδραμεῖν μετὰ τὴν μάχην Δίαιος ἐς Κόρινθον καὶ ὑποδέξασθαι τῷ τείχει τοὺς διαπίπτοντας ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς, κἂν εὕρασθαί τι παρὰ Μομμίου οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ φιλάνθρωπον ἐδυνήθησαν, ἐς πολιορκίαν καὶ τριβὴν πολέμου καταστάντες·
Conditional counterfactual/irrealis construction: εἰ with aorist indicative ἐτόλμησεν and κἂν with aorist potential ἐδυνήθησαν; Δίαιος is subject of the coordinated infinitives, while οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ is the subject of ἐδυνήθησαν. The final participial phrase gives the resulting circumstance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐτόλμησεν | mark | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐτόλμησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐτόλμησεν | τολμάω | VERB | V-3S-A-ACT-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | advcl | high | Apodosis is expressed later by ἐδυνήθησαν. |
| 4 | ἐσδραμεῖν | εἰσδραμεῖν | VERB | V-INF-A-ACT | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἐτόλμησεν | xcomp | medium | Variant/contracted spelling; lemma normalized to εἰσδραμεῖν. |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 μάχην | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μάχην | det | high | |
| 7 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσδραμεῖν | obl | high | Temporal μετά phrase. |
| 8 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐτόλμησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitival actions. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Κόρινθον | case | high | |
| 10 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσδραμεῖν | obl | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ὑποδέξασθαι | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὑποδέξασθαι | ὑποδέχομαι | VERB | V-INF-A-MP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐτόλμησεν | xcomp | high | |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 τείχει | det | high | |
| 14 | τείχει | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὑποδέξασθαι | obl | high | Dative of place/association with receiving at the wall. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διαπίπτοντας | det | high | |
| 16 | διαπίπτοντας | διαπίπτω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ὑποδέξασθαι | obj | high | Substantival participle. |
| 17 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 φυγῆς | case | high | |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 φυγῆς | det | high | |
| 19 | φυγῆς | φυγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 διαπίπτοντας | obl | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 21 | κἂν | κἄν | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | cc | medium | Crasis of καὶ ἄν; introduces the potential apodosis. |
| 22 | εὕρασθαί | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-INF-A-MP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἐδυνήθησαν; middle form has idiomatic ‘find/obtain’ sense. |
| 23 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 εὕρασθαί | obj | high | |
| 24 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 Μομμίου | case | high | |
| 25 | Μομμίου | Μόμμιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 εὕρασθαί | obl | high | |
| 26 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Ἀχαιοὶ | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδυνήθησαν. |
| 28 | φιλάνθρωπον | φιλάνθρωπος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 τι | amod | medium | Accusative adjective substantivized/elliptical; likely ‘something humane/kind’. |
| 29 | ἐδυνήθησαν | δύναμαι | VERB | V-3P-A-MP-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 πολιορκίαν | case | high | |
| 32 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 καταστάντες | obl | high | Resulting state/direction with καταστάντες. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 τριβὴν | cc | high | |
| 34 | τριβὴν | τριβή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 πολιορκίαν | conj | high | |
| 35 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 τριβὴν | nmod | high | |
| 36 | καταστάντες | καθίστημι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial/resultative participle; subject is οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ. |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐδυνήθησαν | punct | high |
νῦν δὲ ἀρχομένων ἔτι ἐνδιδόναι τῶν Ἀχαιῶν εὐθὺ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἔφευγεν ὁ Δίαιος, οὐδέν τι γενόμενος ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς ὅμοιος ἢ καὶ Καλλίστρατος ὁ Ἐμπέδου πρὸς Ἀθηναίους.
The genitive absolute τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἀρχομένων ἔτι ἐνδιδόναι is temporal; εὐθὺ Μεγάλης πόλεως means ‘straight toward Megalopolis’. The final comparison coordinates ὅμοιος with Καλλίστρατος, with ὁ Ἐμπέδου identifying Callistratus by patronymic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 11 ἔφευγεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔφευγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀρχομένων | ἄρχω | VERB | V3PPMPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐνδιδόναι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute subject; semantically ‘beginning to’. |
| 4 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐνδιδόναι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἐνδιδόναι | ἐνδίδωμι | VERB | V--PAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἀρχομένων | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἀρχομένων. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀρχομένων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 8 | εὐθὺ | εὐθύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἔφευγεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial directional use, ‘straight toward’. |
| 9 | Μεγάλης | Μέγαλη | PROPN | A-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πόλεως | amod | high | First member of the place-name. |
| 10 | πόλεως | πόλις | PROPN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 εὐθὺ | obl | medium | Genitive of destination with εὐθύ. |
| 11 | ἔφευγεν | φεύγω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Δίαιος | det | high | |
| 13 | Δίαιος | Δίαιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔφευγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφευγεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|PronType=Ind | 17 γενόμενος | obj | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in no respect’. |
| 16 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 οὐδέν | advmod | medium | Intensifying particle/pronoun with οὐδέν. |
| 17 | γενόμενος | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Concessive/evaluative circumstantial participle. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 19 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 19 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὅμοιος | obl | high | |
| 20 | ὅμοιος | ὅμοιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 γενόμενος | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with γενόμενος; ‘like/equal’. |
| 21 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 Καλλίστρατος | cc | medium | Coordinates the comparison with Καλλίστρατος. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἢ | cc | medium | Correlative/additive element in the comparison. |
| 23 | Καλλίστρατος | Καλλίστρατος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὅμοιος | obl | medium | Comparison term; syntactically coordinated with the omitted/implicit complement of ὅμοιος. |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Καλλίστρατος | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἐμπέδου | Ἔμπεδος | PROPN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Καλλίστρατος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive. |
| 26 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 27 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | |
| 27 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Καλλίστρατος | obl | medium | Object of comparison/relationship with Καλλίστρατος. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφευγεν | punct | high |