Grammar parses for passage 7.16.5
Open translation for this passage
τούτῳ γὰρ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἱππαρχήσαντι ἐν Σικελίᾳ, ὅτε Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὅσοι ἄλλοι τοῦ στόλου μετεσχήκεσαν ἀπώλλυντο πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ τότε τῷ Ἀσινάρῳ, τούτῳ τότε τῷ Καλλιστράτῳ παρέστη τόλμα διεκπαῖσαι διὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἄγοντι τοὺς ἱππέας·
The clause beginning ὅτε is temporal and contains a relative phrase (ὅσοι ἄλλοι...) modifying the subject of ἀπώλλυντο; the final participle ἄγοντι is best taken as attendant circumstance with Καλλιστράτῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-NSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἀνδρὶ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἀνδρί. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 29 παρέστη | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Pd-NSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀνδρὶ | det | high | Article with ἀνδρί. |
| 4 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 παρέστη | obl | high | Dative of reference/background to παρέστη. |
| 5 | ἱππαρχήσαντι | ἱππαρχέω | VERB | V-AAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀνδρὶ | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀνδρί. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 7 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Σικελίᾳ. |
| 7 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | Ne-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱππαρχήσαντι | obl | high | Locative complement of ἱππαρχήσαντι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρέστη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | Df | _ | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπώλλυντο. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 10 Ἀθηναῖοι | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀθηναῖοι with the following subject phrase. |
| 12 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | DET | Pk-APMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 13 ἄλλοι | det | high | Relative quantifier modifying ἄλλοι. |
| 13 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀθηναῖοι | conj | high | Conjoined with Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Pd-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 στόλου | det | high | Article with στόλου. |
| 15 | στόλου | στόλος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 μετεσχήκεσαν | obj | high | Genitive object of μετεσχήκεσαν. |
| 16 | μετεσχήκεσαν | μετέχω | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἄλλοι | acl | medium | Finite relative clause modifying ἄλλοι. |
| 17 | ἀπώλλυντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-III-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 9 ὅτε | advcl | high | Main verb within temporal clause. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 20 ποταμῷ | case | high | Preposition with ποταμῷ. |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Pd-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article with ποταμῷ. |
| 20 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | obl | high | Oblique locative complement of ἀπώλλυντο. |
| 21 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Pd-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἀσινάρῳ | det | high | Article with Ἀσινάρῳ. |
| 23 | Ἀσινάρῳ | Ἀσινάρος | PROPN | Ne-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ποταμῷ | appos | high | Apposition naming the river. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρέστη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-NSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 28 Καλλιστράτῳ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Καλλιστράτῳ. |
| 26 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 29 παρέστη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 27 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Pd-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Καλλιστράτῳ | det | high | Article with Καλλιστράτῳ. |
| 28 | Καλλιστράτῳ | Καλλιστράτος | PROPN | Ne-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 παρέστη | obl | high | Dative of reference with παρέστη. |
| 29 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 30 | τόλμα | τόλμα | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 παρέστη | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέστη. |
| 31 | διεκπαῖσαι | διεκπείρω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 τόλμα | xcomp | medium | Complementary infinitive; exact lexical lemma somewhat uncertain. |
| 32 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 34 πολεμίων | case | high | Preposition with πολεμίων. |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pd-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 34 πολεμίων | det | high | Article with πολεμίων. |
| 34 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 διεκπαῖσαι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of διεκπαῖσαι. |
| 35 | ἄγοντι | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 τόλμα | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with Καλλιστράτῳ; expresses attendant circumstance. |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Pd-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 ἱππέας | det | high | Article with ἱππέας. |
| 37 | ἱππέας | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἄγοντι | obj | high | Object of ἄγοντι. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρέστη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὡς δὲ τὸ πολὺ ἀπέσωσεν αὐτῶν ἐς Κατάνην, ἀνέστρεφεν ὀπίσω τὴν αὐτὴν αὖθις ὁδὸν ἐς Συρακούσας, διαρπάζοντας δὲ ἔτι εὑρὼν τὸ Ἀθηναίων στρατόπεδον καταβάλλει τε ὅσον πέντε ἐξ αὐτῶν, καὶ τραύματα ἐπίκαιρα αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ ἵππος λαβόντες ἀφιᾶσι τὴν ψυχήν.
The sentence has several narrative participles and likely multiple main verbs; attachment of 19 διαρπάζοντας is the least certain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal/clausal relation. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | advmod | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πολὺ | det | high | Article modifying πολὺ. |
| 4 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | medium | Likely adverbial accusative 'a great deal', dependent on ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 5 | ἀπέσωσεν | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | obl | high | Genitive dependent of ἀπέσωσεν, source/partitive sense. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Κατάνην | case | high | Preposition governing Κατάνην. |
| 8 | Κατάνην | Κατάνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | obl | high | Directional oblique complement. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἀνέστρεφεν | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | New finite verb; likely another coordinated/main narrative verb. |
| 11 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνέστρεφεν. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article modifying ὁδόν. |
| 13 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδὸν | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ὁδόν. |
| 14 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνέστρεφεν. |
| 15 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνέστρεφεν. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 17 Συρακούσας | case | high | Preposition governing Συρακούσας. |
| 17 | Συρακούσας | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | obl | high | Directional oblique complement. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | διαρπάζοντας | διαρπάζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 καταβάλλει | advcl | medium | Participial clause; relation to καταβάλλει is approximate. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | advmod | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 22 εὑρὼν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εὑρών. |
| 22 | εὑρὼν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 καταβάλλει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of καταβάλλει. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 στρατόπεδον | det | high | Article modifying στρατόπεδον. |
| 24 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 στρατόπεδον | amod | high | Attributive gentilic adjective used substantively in genitive. |
| 25 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 εὑρὼν | obj | high | Direct object of εὑρών. |
| 26 | καταβάλλει | καταβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite narrative verb; likely root of the clause after the participial phrases. |
| 27 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | advmod | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 28 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 πέντε | amod | high | Modifies πέντε, forming approximate quantity. |
| 29 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 καταβάλλει | obj | medium | Approximate accusative quantity after καταβάλλει. |
| 30 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 31 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 31 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 πέντε | obl | high | Partitive/source phrase with ἐξ. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | cc | high | Coordinator linking clauses. |
| 34 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Direct object of λαβόντες. |
| 35 | ἐπίκαιρα | ἐπίκαιρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 τραύματα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τραύματα. |
| 36 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 40 λαβόντες | nsubj | medium | Likely part of the coordinated subject with ὁ ἵππος. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 ἵππος | cc | high | Coordinator inside the subject phrase. |
| 38 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἵππος | det | high | Article modifying ἵππος. |
| 39 | ἵππος | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 λαβόντες | conj | high | Conjunct in coordinated subject. |
| 40 | λαβόντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | advcl | high | Aorist participle governing the final finite verb. |
| 41 | ἀφιᾶσι | ἀφίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final finite verb. |
| 42 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 ψυχήν | det | high | Article modifying ψυχήν. |
| 43 | ψυχήν | ψυχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀφιᾶσι. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |