Grammar parses for passage 7.16.5
Open translation for this passage
τούτῳ γὰρ τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἱππαρχήσαντι ἐν Σικελίᾳ, ὅτε Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὅσοι ἄλλοι τοῦ στόλου μετεσχήκεσαν ἀπώλλυντο πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ τότε τῷ Ἀσινάρῳ, τούτῳ τότε τῷ Καλλιστράτῳ παρέστη τόλμα διεκπαῖσαι διὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἄγοντι τοὺς ἱππέας·
The sentence has a dative frame around παρέστη: courage arose for Callistratus, with the preceding relative-temporal clause locating the event; ἄγοντι is a supplementary dative participle agreeing with Καλλιστράτῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-Dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 παρέστη | iobj | high | Correlative dative, repeated with τούτῳ τῷ Καλλιστράτῳ. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | Polarity=Pos | 29 παρέστη | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | SDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀνδρὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱππαρχήσαντι | obl | medium | Appositional/explanatory dative to τούτῳ; participial phrase identifies the man. |
| 5 | ἱππαρχήσαντι | ἱππαρχέω | VERB | VAAPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Καλλιστράτῳ | acl | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | Ne-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱππαρχήσαντι | obl | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἱππαρχήσαντι | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | PronType=Rel | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | mark | high | Introduces the temporal subordinate clause. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Npmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 μετεσχήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier, with στόλου understood as partitive genitive. |
| 13 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὅσοι | amod | high | |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | SDSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 στόλου | det | high | |
| 15 | στόλου | στόλος | NOUN | NGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὅσοι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ὅσοι. |
| 16 | μετεσχήκεσαν | μετέχω | VERB | V3PIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect form; relative clause modifying ὅσοι. |
| 17 | ἀπώλλυντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V3PIIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 29 παρέστη | advcl | high | Imperfect middle, ‘were perishing’; temporal clause headed by ὅτε. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | SDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 20 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀπώλλυντο | obl | high | πρός with dative, locative sense. |
| 21 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 20 ποταμῷ | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb associated with the river phrase. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | SDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἀσινάρῳ | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἀσινάρῳ | Ἀσίναρος | PROPN | Npms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ποταμῷ | appos | high | Apposition to ποταμῷ. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρέστη | punct | high | |
| 25 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | D-Dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 παρέστη | iobj | high | Dative of the person affected/experiencer with παρέστη. |
| 26 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 29 παρέστη | advmod | high | Then, at that time. |
| 27 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | SDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Καλλιστράτῳ | det | high | |
| 28 | Καλλιστράτῳ | Καλλιστράτος | PROPN | Npms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 τούτῳ | appos | high | Apposition to the second τούτῳ. |
| 29 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 30 | τόλμα | τόλμα | NOUN | NNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 παρέστη | nsubj | high | Subject: boldness/courage arose or presented itself. |
| 31 | διεκπαῖσαι | διεκπλέω | VERB | VNAA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 τόλμα | acl | high | Infinitive complement/content of τόλμα. |
| 32 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 πολεμίων | case | high | |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | SGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 34 πολεμίων | det | high | |
| 34 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-GPM | substantivized=Yes|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 διεκπαῖσαι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: through the enemy forces. |
| 35 | ἄγοντι | ἄγω | VERB | VPAPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Καλλιστράτῳ | acl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Καλλιστράτῳ: while leading. |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | SAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 ἱππέας | det | high | |
| 37 | ἱππέας | ἱππεύς | NOUN | NAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἄγοντι | obj | high | |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παρέστη | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ τὸ πολὺ ἀπέσωσεν αὐτῶν ἐς Κατάνην, ἀνέστρεφεν ὀπίσω τὴν αὐτὴν αὖθις ὁδὸν ἐς Συρακούσας, διαρπάζοντας δὲ ἔτι εὑρὼν τὸ Ἀθηναίων στρατόπεδον καταβάλλει τε ὅσον πέντε ἐξ αὐτῶν, καὶ τραύματα ἐπίκαιρα αὐτὸς καὶ ὁ ἵππος λαβόντες ἀφιᾶσι τὴν ψυχήν.
The sentence has coordinated finite verbs under ἀνέστρεφεν; the participles διαρπάζοντας and εὑρών are circumstantial, while λαβόντες has the compound nominative subject ‘he and the horse.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | mark | medium | Temporal/consecutive subordinator introducing the first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 4 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the greater part’; subject of ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 5 | ἀπέσωσεν | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | advcl | medium | Aorist clause under ὡς. |
| 6 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | medium | Object/partitive complement with ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Κατάνην | case | high | |
| 8 | Κατάνην | Κατάνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀνέστρεφεν | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 13 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδὸν | amod | high | Adjectival use, ‘same’. |
| 14 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | obj | high | Accusative of route/direction with ἀναστρέφω. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Συρακούσας | case | high | |
| 17 | Συρακούσας | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | obl | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | punct | high | |
| 19 | διαρπάζοντας | διαρπάζω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 εὑρὼν | advcl | medium | Accusative circumstantial participle; understood subject is the Athenians. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 διαρπάζοντας | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 19 διαρπάζοντας | advmod | high | |
| 22 | εὑρὼν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 καταβάλλει | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle with subject implicit in καταβάλλει. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 στρατόπεδον | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 στρατόπεδον | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively. |
| 25 | στρατόπεδον | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 εὑρὼν | obj | high | |
| 26 | καταβάλλει | καταβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | cc | high | |
| 28 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 πέντε | amod | medium | Quantifying adjective modifying πέντε; form may be read as substantivized/elliptical. |
| 29 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | CARD | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | obj | medium | Five persons, elliptical noun; governed as object of καταβάλλει. |
| 30 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 31 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 πέντε | nmod | high | Partitive complement: five of them. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 καταβάλλει | punct | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | cc | high | |
| 34 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 40 λαβόντες | obj | high | Object of λαβόντες. |
| 35 | ἐπίκαιρα | ἐπίκαιρος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 τραύματα | amod | high | |
| 36 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 λαβόντες | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, subject of λαβόντες. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 39 ἵππος | cc | high | |
| 38 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἵππος | det | high | |
| 39 | ἵππος | ἵππος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 λαβόντες | conj | high | Coordinated subject with αὐτός. |
| 40 | λαβόντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | advcl | high | Nominative participle with compound subject αὐτός καὶ ὁ ἵππος. |
| 41 | ἀφιᾶσι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is the man and horse together. |
| 42 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 ψυχήν | det | high | |
| 43 | ψυχήν | ψυχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Idiomatic object: give up the soul/life. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνέστρεφεν | punct | high |