Grammar parses for passage 7.16.9
Open translation for this passage
πόλεων δέ, ὅσαι Ῥωμαίων ἐναντία ἐπολέμησαν, τείχη μὲν ὁ Μόμμιος κατέλυε καὶ ὅπλα ἀφῃρεῖτο πρὶν ἢ καὶ συμβούλους ἀποσταλῆναι παρὰ Ῥωμαίων·
The genitive πόλεων is a partitive/topic genitive with the relative clause ὅσαι ... ἐπολέμησαν; τείχη and ὅπλα are coordinated objects of κατέλυε and ἀφῃρεῖτο. The infinitive phrase πρὶν ἢ καὶ συμβούλους ἀποσταλῆναι is a temporal complement, with παρὰ Ῥωμαίων expressing the sender/source. The coordination and attachment of πρὶν ἢ are moderately uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | medium | Partitive/topic genitive governing the following relative clause. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πόλεων | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 πόλεων | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμησαν | nsubj | high | Free/relative pronoun, subject of ἐπολέμησαν. |
| 5 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐναντία, ‘against the Romans’. |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘things opposed/against’; may be analyzed adverbially. |
| 7 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 κατέλυε | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐπολέμησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τείχη | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 κατέλυε | obj | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 κατέλυε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with καί at token 14. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Μόμμιος | det | high | |
| 12 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 κατέλυε | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | κατέλυε | καταλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀφῃρεῖτο | cc | high | Coordinates the two verbal predicates. |
| 15 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀφῃρεῖτο | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἀφῃρεῖτο | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 13 κατέλυε | conj | high | Middle voice, ‘was taking away/confiscating’; coordinated with κατέλυε. |
| 17 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἀποσταλῆναι | mark | medium | Temporal conjunction introducing an infinitival clause. |
| 18 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 πρὶν | cc | medium | Part of the idiom πρὶν ἢ. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἀποσταλῆναι | advmod | medium | Intensifying ‘even/also’ within the temporal clause. |
| 20 | συμβούλους | σύμβουλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀποσταλῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 21 | ἀποσταλῆναι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 16 ἀφῃρεῖτο | advcl | medium | Temporal infinitive, ‘before advisers were sent’; syntactically dependent on the main verbal predicate. |
| 22 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | With genitive, marking source/sender. |
| 23 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀποσταλῆναι | obl | high | Source of the sending: ‘from the Romans’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 κατέλυε | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἀφίκοντο οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ βουλευσόμενοι, ἐνταῦθα δημοκρατίας μὲν κατέπαυε, καθίστα δὲ ἀπὸ τιμημάτων τὰς ἀρχάς·
Temporal subordinate clause (ὡς ... ἀφίκοντο) precedes two coordinated imperfect main-clause predicates; οἱ ... βουλευσόμενοι is the substantivized subject of ἀφίκοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀφίκοντο | mark | high | Temporal conjunction introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 κατέπαυε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2A-AI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 12 κατέπαυε | advcl | high | Aorist middle indicative, with οἱ ... βουλευσόμενοι as subject. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βουλευσόμενοι | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 βουλευσόμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν. |
| 7 | βουλευσόμενοι | βουλεύω | VERB | V-FMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 3 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized future middle participle, 'those intending to deliberate'. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 12 κατέπαυε | advmod | high | Locative adverb, 'then/thereupon'. |
| 10 | δημοκρατίας | δημοκρατία | NOUN | N--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κατέπαυε | obj | medium | Genitive object with καταπαύω in the sense 'put an end to democracy'. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 12 κατέπαυε | discourse | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ at token 15. |
| 12 | κατέπαυε | καταπαύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb; subject is implicit. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κατέπαυε | punct | high | |
| 14 | καθίστα | καθίστημι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 12 κατέπαυε | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; subject is implicit. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 καθίστα | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator contrasting the two actions. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 17 τιμημάτων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 17 | τιμημάτων | τίμημα | NOUN | N--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 καθίστα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, indicating basis or qualification. |
| 18 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀρχάς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχάς. |
| 19 | ἀρχάς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--A-PF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καθίστα | obj | high | Accusative object of καθίστα. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κατέπαυε | punct | high |
καὶ φόρος τε ἐτάχθη τῇ Ἑλλάδι καὶ οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες ἐκωλύοντο ἐν τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ κτᾶσθαι·
Two coordinated clauses share καί: φόρος is the passive subject of ἐτάχθη, while οἱ ... ἔχοντες is the subject of ἐκωλύοντο with an articular participial modifier; κτᾶσθαι is the complementary infinitive. The exact force of ἐν τῇ ὑπερορίᾳ is locative/contextual.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐτάχθη | cc | high | |
| 2 | φόρος | φόρος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτάχθη | nsubj:pass | high | Passive subject: the tribute was imposed. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 2 φόρος | cc | high | Correlative/continuative τε. |
| 4 | ἐτάχθη | τάσσω | VERB | V3SAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Ne-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτάχθη | iobj | high | Dative of assignment/imposition. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐκωλύοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | D-N---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle with its complement. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | D-N---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 χρήματα | det | high | |
| 10 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 11 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκωλύοντο | acl | high | Present active participle in the articular nominal group. |
| 12 | ἐκωλύοντο | κωλύω | VERB | V3PIIP--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 4 ἐτάχθη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ὑπερορίᾳ | case | high | |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὑπερορίᾳ | det | high | |
| 15 | ὑπερορίᾳ | ὑπερορία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κτᾶσθαι | obl | medium | Locative/contextual dative phrase with ἐν; relation to κτᾶσθαι is syntactically plausible but semantically somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | κτᾶσθαι | κτάομαι | VERB | V--PMN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐκωλύοντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of the passive ἐκωλύοντο. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐτάχθη | punct | high |
συνέδριά τε κατὰ ἔθνος τὰ ἑκάστων, Ἀχαιῶν καὶ τὸ ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἢ Βοιωτοῖς ἢ ἑτέρωθί που τῆς Ἑλλάδος, κατελέλυτο ὁμοίως πάντα.
The predicate κατελέλυτο is a third-singular pluperfect middle/passive form with neuter plural subject συνέδριά ... πάντα; τὰ ἑκάστων and the following ethnic phrases specify the assemblies, while ἐν Φωκεῦσιν/Βοιωτοῖς is locative. The coordination and attachment of πάντα are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνέδριά | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 κατελέλυτο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 1 συνέδριά | cc | high | |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 4 ἔθνος | case | high | |
| 4 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 συνέδριά | nmod | high | κατὰ ἔθνος: distributive phrase. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἑκάστων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἑκάστων | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 συνέδριά | nmod | high | Genitive of relation/possession. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνέδριά | punct | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 συνέδριά | appos | medium | Ethnic example/apposition; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Φωκεῦσιν | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 12 Φωκεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 12 | Φωκεῦσιν | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | conj | medium | Ethnic group in dative plural after ἐν; coordinated under Ἀχαιῶν by sense. |
| 13 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 Φωκεῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 14 | Βοιωτοῖς | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Φωκεῦσιν | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 Βοιωτοῖς | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἑτέρωθί | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | D | _ | 21 κατελέλυτο | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘elsewhere’. |
| 17 | που | που | ADV | D | _ | 16 ἑτέρωθί | advmod | high | Indefinite particle/adverb. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἑτέρωθί | obl | high | Partitive/locative complement of ἑτέρωθι. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 κατελέλυτο | punct | high | |
| 21 | κατελέλυτο | καταλύω | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Form is singular despite neuter plural subject, as permitted in Greek. |
| 22 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D | _ | 21 κατελέλυτο | advmod | high | |
| 23 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 συνέδριά | conj | medium | Likely predicative/ resumptive with συνέδριά; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 κατελέλυτο | punct | high |