Grammar parses for passage 7.16.8
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ ἐγκαταληφθέντων τὸ μὲν πολὺ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι φονεύουσι, γυναῖκας δὲ καὶ παῖδας ἀπέδοτο Μόμμιος·
The opening genitive phrase is a substantival genitive absolute-like group governed semantically by τὸ πολὺ; the second clause is paratactically coordinated and contrasts the plural Roman subject with singular Μόμμιος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Pd-gpn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐγκαταληφθέντων | det | high | Article substantivizing the genitive participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 φονεύουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐγκαταληφθέντων | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-pppanpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 πολὺ | nmod | high | Genitive substantival aorist passive participle, ‘those left behind’. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pd-nsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 6 πολὺ | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ at token 12. |
| 6 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-nsan | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 φονεύουσι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the greater part’. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Pd-npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ῥωμαῖοι | det | high | |
| 8 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φονεύουσι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | φονεύουσι | φονεύω | VERB | V-spia3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φονεύουσι | punct | high | |
| 11 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-afpf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπέδοτο | obj | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἀπέδοτο | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 5. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 14 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-ampf | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπέδοτο | conj | high | Coordinated object; gender is lexically variable, masculine is conventional here. |
| 15 | ἀπέδοτο | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-amim3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 φονεύουσι | parataxis | high | Finite verb with singular subject Μόμμιος; contrasted with φονεύουσι. |
| 16 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | Nbms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπέδοτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέδοτο. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φονεύουσι | punct | high |
ἀπέδοτο δὲ καὶ οἰκέτας, ὅσοι τῶν ἐς ἐλευθερίαν ἀφεθέντων καὶ μαχεσαμένων μετὰ Ἀχαιῶν μὴ εὐθὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ πολέμου τὸ ἔργον ἐτεθνήκεσαν.
The relative clause is syntactically difficult, especially ἐτεθνήκεσαν with τὸ ἔργον; the annotation treats ὅσοι as its subject and the participles as a genitive group specifying the persons concerned.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέδοτο | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-2A-MI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπέδοτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 οἰκέτας | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying the object phrase. |
| 4 | οἰκέτας | οἰκέτης | NOUN | N-A-M-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέδοτο | obj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 οἰκέτας | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-A-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐτεθνήκεσαν | nsubj | medium | Relative subject of ἐτεθνήκεσαν, with the relative clause specifying the οἰκέται. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀφεθέντων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἐλευθερίαν | case | high | |
| 9 | ἐλευθερίαν | ἐλευθερία | NOUN | N-A-F-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀφεθέντων | obl | high | Object of ἐς within the participial phrase. |
| 10 | ἀφεθέντων | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-APP-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 ὅσοι | nmod | medium | Genitive participle with τῶν, part of the genitive group dependent on ὅσοι. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 μαχεσαμένων | cc | high | |
| 12 | μαχεσαμένων | μάχομαι | VERB | V-AMP-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀφεθέντων | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive participle; its understood subject is the same group as ἀφεθέντων. |
| 13 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μαχεσαμένων | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετὰ. |
| 15 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | _ | 22 ἐτεθνήκεσαν | advmod | high | Negates εὐθύς/the verbal predicate. |
| 16 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐτεθνήκεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 πολέμου | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 19 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-G-M-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐτεθνήκεσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent phrase with passive ἐτεθνήκεσαν. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-A-N-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 21 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-A-N-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐτεθνήκεσαν | obj | medium | Accusative object of τεθνήκειν in the idiomatic sense ‘the undertaking was dead/failed’; construction is textually difficult. |
| 22 | ἐτεθνήκεσαν | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-LAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπέδοτο | acl:relcl | low | Form and syntax are difficult: apparently pluperfect active, but the construction with τὸ ἔργον is unusual and may reflect textual or editorial difficulty. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέδοτο | punct | high |
ἀναθημάτων δὲ καὶ τοῦ ἄλλου κόσμου τὰ μὲν μάλιστα ἀνήκοντα ἐς θαῦμα ἀνήγετο, τὰ δὲ ἐκείνοις οὐχ ὁμοίου λόγου Φιλοποίμενι ὁ Μόμμιος τῷ παρʼ Ἀττάλου στρατηγῷ δίδωσι·
The first τα μέν...τὰ δέ construction contrasts the most remarkable dedications and the remainder; ἀνήγετο is passive, while δίδωσι has Μόμμιος as subject and Φιλοποίμενι as recipient. The phrase ἐκείνοις οὐχ ὁμοίου λόγου is a genitive of comparison/quality, with ἐκείνοις referring to the preceding remarkable objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναθημάτων | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-G-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 κόσμου | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 13 ἀνήγετο | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasted clause. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 κόσμου | cc | high | Joins ἀναθημάτων and κόσμου. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄλλου | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλου | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κόσμου | amod | high | |
| 6 | κόσμου | κόσμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνήκοντα | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with ἀναθημάτων. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνήκοντα | det | high | Substantival article. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X---- | _ | 10 ἀνήκοντα | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ. |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D---- | Degree=Sup | 10 ἀνήκοντα | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἀνήκοντα | ἀνήκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνήγετο | nsubj:pass | medium | Substantivized participle, ‘those especially worthy’; possibly analyzed adjectivally. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 12 θαῦμα | case | high | |
| 12 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνήγετο | obl | high | ἄγω/ἀνάγω εἰς θαῦμα: brought to admiration. |
| 13 | ἀνήγετο | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive singular with neuter plural subject, a normal Greek construction. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀνήγετο | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 δίδωσι | obj | high | Substantival article; object of δίδωσι. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 28 δίδωσι | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 17 | ἐκείνοις | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ὁμοίου | nmod | medium | Dative of comparison/association with ὁμοίου; refers to the preceding objects. |
| 18 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | X---- | Polarity=Neg | 19 ὁμοίου | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ὁμοίου | ὅμοιος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 λόγου | amod | high | Agrees with λόγου. |
| 20 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive of quality/description modifying the substantival τὰ. |
| 21 | Φιλοποίμενι | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δίδωσι | iobj | high | Recipient of δίδωσι. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Μόμμιος | det | high | |
| 23 | Μόμμιος | Μόμμιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δίδωσι | nsubj | high | Subject of δίδωσι. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 στρατηγῷ | det | high | |
| 25 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R---- | _ | 26 Ἀττάλου | case | high | With dative, ‘from/under’. |
| 26 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 παρʼ | obl | high | Object of παρά in the phrase παρ’ Ἀττάλου. |
| 27 | στρατηγῷ | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Μόμμιος | appos | high | Apposition to Φιλοποίμενι: the general who served under Attalus. |
| 28 | δίδωσι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνήγετο | conj | high | Present historic/continuative verb coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 δίδωσι | punct | high |
καὶ ἦν Περγαμηνοῖς καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι λάφυρα Κορίνθια.
The copular clause has a delayed neuter plural subject/predicate nominal λάφυρα Κορίνθια, with ἦν singular by attraction or existential usage; Περγαμηνοῖς is the dative possessor/experiencer, and ἐς ἐμέ marks reference. The attachment of ἔτι is adverbial and its scope is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; singular despite neuter plural nominal phrase. |
| 3 | Περγαμηνοῖς | Περγαμηνός | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or relation: 'for/to the Pergamenes'. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐμὲ | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἐμὲ | case | high | |
| 6 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1ASM | Case=Acc|Number=Singular|Person=1 | 2 ἦν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase ἐς ἐμέ, reference/addressee. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 2 ἦν | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb, 'still'; scope may be over the whole copular clause. |
| 8 | λάφυρα | λάφυρον | NOUN | N- NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject; form may also be accusative, but nominative is syntactically preferred. |
| 9 | Κορίνθια | Κορίνθιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 λάφυρα | amod | high | Neuter plural adjective agreeing with λάφυρα. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high |