Grammar parses for passage 7.17.3
Open translation for this passage
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐς Νέρωνα ἡ βασιλεία περιῆλθεν ἡ Ῥωμαίων, καὶ ἐλεύθερον ὁ Νέρων ἀφίησιν ἁπάντων, ἀλλαγὴν πρὸς δῆμον ποιησάμενος τὸν Ῥωμαίων·
The second clause is coordinated with περιῆλθεν; ἀλλαγὴν ποιησάμενος is a circumstantial participial phrase, while ἐλεύθερον is interpreted as a predicative complement in the idiom ἐλεύθερον ἀφίημι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | obl:tmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 Νέρωνα | case | high | |
| 5 | Νέρωνα | Νέρων | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεία | det | high | |
| 7 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | περιῆλθεν | περιέρχομαι | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | a-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 7 βασιλεία | nmod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective agreeing with βασιλεία. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 16 ἀφίησιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐλεύθερον | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφίησιν | obj | medium | Predicative/object-complement adjective with ἀφίησιν; understood object is ἁπάντων. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Νέρων | det | high | |
| 15 | Νέρων | Νέρων | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφίησιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 περιῆλθεν | conj | high | |
| 17 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | PRON | p-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 16 ἀφίησιν | obl | medium | Genitive complement/ablatival genitive with ἐλεύθερον ἀφίησιν; exact attachment is syntactically debatable. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίησιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἀλλαγὴν | ἀλλαγή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | _ | 21 δῆμον | case | high | |
| 21 | δῆμον | δῆμος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀλλαγὴν | nmod | high | Πρὸς phrase modifies ἀλλαγήν. |
| 22 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | v-sapm--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀφίησιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject Νέρων. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 24 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 δῆμον | nmod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective agreeing with δῆμον. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | punct | high |
Σαρδὼ γὰρ τὴν νῆσον ἐς τὰ μάλιστα εὐδαίμονα ἀντὶ Ἑλλάδος σφίσιν ἀντέδωκεν.
The accusative νῆσον is the object, with εὐδαίμονα as an object-oriented predicative adjective; ἐς τὰ μάλιστα intensifies it, while ἀντί + genitive marks the exchange counterpart.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σαρδὼ | Σαρδώ | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | nsubj | high | Personified Sardō, nominative subject. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Ptc | _ | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 4 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀντέδωκεν. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 τὰ | case | high | |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc.Pl.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 μάλιστα | det | high | Article substantivizing the superlative phrase. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adv-Sup | Degree=Sup | 8 εὐδαίμονα | advmod | high | With ἐς τὰ μάλιστα, modifying εὐδαίμονα. |
| 8 | εὐδαίμονα | εὐδαίμων | ADJ | A-Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νῆσον | amod | high | Predicative/object-oriented adjective: the island as highly prosperous. |
| 9 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | Prep | _ | 10 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | obl | high | Object of ἀντί in the exchange construction. |
| 11 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Ppers- Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | iobj | high | Recipient: to them. |
| 12 | ἀντέδωκεν | ἀνταποδίδωμι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, ‘gave in exchange’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | punct | high |
ἀπιδόντι οὖν ἐς τοῦτό μοι τοῦ Νέρωνος τὸ ἔργον ὀρθότατα εἰρηκέναι Πλάτων ἐφαίνετο ὁ Ἀρίστωνος, ὁπόσα ἀδικήματα μεγέθει καὶ τολμήματί ἐστιν ὑπερηρκότα, οὐ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων εἶναι ταῦτα ἀνθρώπων, ψυχῆς δὲ γενναίας ὑπὸ ἀτόπου παιδείας διεφθαρμένης.
The sentence has an extraposed/impersonal φαίνετο with εἰρηκέναι as its infinitival complement; Πλάτων ὁ Ἀρίστωνος is the subject. ἀπιδόντι is a dative absolute-like circumstantial participle with μοι, while the final genitive phrase identifies the kind of soul underlying the crimes; some attachment of the relative clause and εἶναι phrase is syntactically interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπιδόντι | ἀφοράω | VERB | V-PAP-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 μοι | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, likely agreeing with μοι; exact construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 τοῦτό | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦτό | οὗτος | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 εἰρηκέναι | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 5 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-SD--1 | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | medium | Dative of experiencer/reference with φαίνετο; also associated with the participle. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Νέρωνος | det | high | |
| 7 | Νέρωνος | Νέρων | PROPN | Ne-S-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔργον | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 9 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 εἰρηκέναι | obj | high | Object of εἰρηκέναι. |
| 10 | ὀρθότατα | ὀρθῶς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 11 εἰρηκέναι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | εἰρηκέναι | λέγω | VERB | V-RAI | Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Perfect active infinitive governed by φαίνετο. |
| 12 | Πλάτων | Πλάτων | PROPN | Ne-S-NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰρηκέναι | nsubj | high | Logical subject of εἰρηκέναι; nominative with φαίνετο. |
| 13 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking main predicate, ‘seemed’. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἀρίστωνος | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀρίστωνος | Ἀρίστων | PROPN | Ne-S-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Πλάτων | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identifier for Πλάτων. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | DET | P-A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 18 ἀδικήματα | det | medium | Relative/quantifying determiner with ἀδικήματα. |
| 18 | ἀδικήματα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-PNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἶναι in the reported characterization. |
| 19 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-SND | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | obl | medium | Dative of respect/degree with ὑπερηρκότα. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 τολμήματί | cc | high | |
| 21 | τολμήματί | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-SND | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | conj | medium | Second dative of respect/degree; enclitic accentuation as supplied. |
| 22 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 εἶναι | cop | medium | Copula in the infinitival clause; finite form is retained in the supplied text. |
| 23 | ὑπερηρκότα | ὑπεραίρω | VERB | V-RAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἀδικήματα | acl | medium | Perfect participle modifying ἀδικήματα; spelling and exact lexical parsing are somewhat uncertain. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 28 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἐπιτυχόντων | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐπιτυχόντων | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 ἀνθρώπων | acl | high | Substantivized participle, ‘ordinary/chance’ people. |
| 28 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 εἰρηκέναι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in the content of what Plato is judged to have said; copular structure is compressed. |
| 29 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 28 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Predicative/content subject of εἶναι, referring to the crimes. |
| 30 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive of belonging/kind with εἶναι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 32 | ψυχῆς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 διεφθαρμένης | obl | medium | Genitive of source/possession with διεφθαρμένης; phrase supplies the underlying type of person. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 διεφθαρμένης | cc | high | |
| 34 | γενναίας | γενναῖος | ADJ | A-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ψυχῆς | amod | high | |
| 35 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 37 παιδείας | case | high | Introduces the agent/cause phrase. |
| 36 | ἀτόπου | ἄτοπος | ADJ | A-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 παιδείας | amod | high | Agrees with παιδείας. |
| 37 | παιδείας | παιδεία | NOUN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 διεφθαρμένης | obl:agent | high | Agent/cause of the corruption, with ὑπό. |
| 38 | διεφθαρμένης | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-RPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 εἶναι | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participial phrase, ‘corrupted’; its attachment to ψυχῆς is syntactically elliptical. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |