Grammar parses for passage 7.17.3
Open translation for this passage
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἐς Νέρωνα ἡ βασιλεία περιῆλθεν ἡ Ῥωμαίων, καὶ ἐλεύθερον ὁ Νέρων ἀφίησιν ἁπάντων, ἀλλαγὴν πρὸς δῆμον ποιησάμενος τὸν Ῥωμαίων·
The syntax is straightforward overall, but the last phrase ἀλλαγὴν πρὸς δῆμον ποιησάμενος τὸν Ῥωμαίων is somewhat awkward/transmitted elliptically, so the attachment of Ῥωμαίων is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | obl | high | Dative of time within the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Νέρωνα | case | high | Preposition governing Νέρωνα. |
| 5 | Νέρωνα | Νέρων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεία | det | high | Article with βασιλεία. |
| 7 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 περιῆλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιῆλθεν. |
| 8 | περιῆλθεν | περιέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 Ῥωμαίων | det | low | Likely article with Ῥωμαίων; case inferred from following genitive. |
| 10 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βασιλεία | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of βασιλεία, 'of the Romans'. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίησιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | ἐλεύθερον | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφίησιν | obj | medium | Likely adverbial/predicative use with ἀφίησιν; analyzed as object-like neuter accusative. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Νέρων | det | high | Article with Νέρων. |
| 15 | Νέρων | Νέρων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφίησιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίησιν. |
| 16 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 περιῆλθεν | conj | high | Coordinated verb with περιῆλθεν. |
| 17 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀφίησιν | obl | medium | Genitive of separation/totality with ἀφίησιν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίησιν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 19 | ἀλλαγὴν | ἀλλαγή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιησάμενος. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 21 δῆμον | case | high | Preposition governing δῆμον. |
| 21 | δῆμον | δῆμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ποιησάμενος | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 22 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀφίησιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Νέρων. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | Article with Ῥωμαίων. |
| 24 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 δῆμον | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier with δῆμον; text may be elliptic or transmitted awkwardly. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 περιῆλθεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Σαρδὼ γὰρ τὴν νῆσον ἐς τὰ μάλιστα εὐδαίμονα ἀντὶ Ἑλλάδος σφίσιν ἀντέδωκεν.
The phrase ἐς τὰ μάλιστα is syntactically awkward/idiomatic; I attach μάλιστα as adverbial within the prepositional complement rather than forcing a fully regular noun phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σαρδὼ | Σάρδεις | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | nsubj | medium | Likely the subject city-name; case may be nominative despite accent/capitalization. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 νῆσον | det | high | Article modifying νῆσον. |
| 4 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀντέδωκεν. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 εὐδαίμονα | case | high | Preposition governing εὐδαίμονα. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 μάλιστα | det | high | Article with μάλιστα in fossilized phrase. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 εὐδαίμονα | advmod | medium | Adverb used with article-like τὰ; phrase is idiomatic/elliptical. |
| 8 | εὐδαίμονα | εὐδαίμων | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | obl | high | Accusative complement governed by ἐς. |
| 9 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 10 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | obl | high | Object of ἀντί in comparative substitution phrase. |
| 11 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---DN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | iobj | medium | Likely dative of advantage/recipient; form could reflect enclitic dative plural. |
| 12 | ἀντέδωκεν | ἀνταποδίδωμι | VERB | V-3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; lexical lemma normalized to ἀνταποδίδωμι for ἀντέδωκεν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀντέδωκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀπιδόντι οὖν ἐς τοῦτό μοι τοῦ Νέρωνος τὸ ἔργον ὀρθότατα εἰρηκέναι Πλάτων ἐφαίνετο ὁ Ἀρίστωνος, ὁπόσα ἀδικήματα μεγέθει καὶ τολμήματί ἐστιν ὑπερηρκότα, οὐ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων εἶναι ταῦτα ἀνθρώπων, ψυχῆς δὲ γενναίας ὑπὸ ἀτόπου παιδείας διεφθαρμένης.
The syntax is notably compressed: ἀπιδόντι forms a circumstantial participial frame with μοι, while the final genitive participial phrase ψυχῆς ... διεφθαρμένης is best taken as an attributive modifier of the implied noun phrase rather than a full independent clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπιδόντι | ἀφορᾶω | VERB | PAP-SMD | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 13 ἐφαίνετο | advcl | medium | Likely circumstantial participle with dative of reference; lemma uncertain between ἀφοράω/ἀπιδέω-type forms. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Postpositive inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 τοῦτό | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | τοῦτό | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NSA | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 11 εἰρηκέναι | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 5 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dative|Number=Singular|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative with participial construction. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | G-NSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 7 Νέρωνος | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 7 | Νέρωνος | Νέρων | PROPN | N-PRI | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἔργον. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RD-NSN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 9 ἔργον | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 εἰρηκέναι | obj | high | Object of εἰρηκέναι. |
| 10 | ὀρθότατα | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-NSN-S | Case=Accusative|Degree=Superl|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 εἰρηκέναι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/intensifier modifying εἰρηκέναι. |
| 11 | εἰρηκέναι | λέγω | VERB | V-RAN | Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 13 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 12 | Πλάτων | Πλάτων | PROPN | N-PRI | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 13 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 13 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RD-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 15 Ἀρίστωνος | det | high | Article with patronymic. |
| 15 | Ἀρίστωνος | Ἀρίστων | PROPN | N-PRI | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 Πλάτων | flat | high | Patronymic apposition to Πλάτων. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | RI-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | obj | high | Relative/interrogative pronoun introducing clause. |
| 18 | ἀδικήματα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπερηρκότα; agreement with ὁπόσα. |
| 19 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | obl | high | Dative of respect. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 τολμήματί | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 21 | τολμήματί | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | conj | high | Second dative of respect, coordinated with μεγέθει. |
| 22 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin | 23 ὑπερηρκότα | cop | high | Copula with participle ὑπερηρκότα. |
| 23 | ὑπερηρκότα | ὑπερφέρω | VERB | V-RAP-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 18 ἀδικήματα | acl:relcl | high | Participial predicate in relative clause. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 28 εἶναι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RD-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 27 ἐπιτυχόντων | det | high | Article with participle used substantively. |
| 27 | ἐπιτυχόντων | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 28 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Substantival participle in genitive. |
| 28 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI | Tense=Present|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 13 ἐφαίνετο | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement after οὐ. |
| 29 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | RD-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 28 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive. |
| 30 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 27 ἐπιτυχόντων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἐπιτυχόντων. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | ψυχῆς | ψυχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 38 διεφθαρμένης | obl | high | Genitive with participle, likely possessive/source relation. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 38 διεφθαρμένης | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 34 | γενναίας | γενναῖος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 32 ψυχῆς | amod | high | Adjective modifying ψυχῆς. |
| 35 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 37 παιδείας | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 36 | ἀτόπου | ἄτοπος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 37 παιδείας | amod | high | Adjective modifying παιδείας. |
| 37 | παιδείας | παιδεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 38 διεφθαρμένης | obl | high | Complement of ὑπό. |
| 38 | διεφθαρμένης | διαφθείρω | VERB | V-RPP-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 32 ψυχῆς | acl | high | Participle agreeing with ψυχῆς; genitive absolute-like modifier. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |