Grammar parses for passage 7.17.2
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἔθνος τὸ Ἀττικόν, ἀπὸ τοῦ Πελοποννησίων πολέμου καὶ νόσου τῆς λοιμώδους ἀνενεγκόν τε καὶ αὖθις ἀνανηξάμενον, ἔτεσιν ἔμελλεν οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀκμὴ καθαιρήσειν·
Main clause has ἔμελλεν with infinitival complement καθαιρήσειν; the fronted nominative ἔθνος is the subject, and the participial phrase ἀνενεγκόν ... ἀνανηξάμενον modifies it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἔθνος | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀττικόν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀττικόν | Ἀττικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔθνος | amod | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔθνος | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 9 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιοι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 10 πολέμου | nmod | medium | Proper-name-like ethnicon; number/gender inferred. |
| 10 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | obl | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 νόσου | cc | high | |
| 12 | νόσου | νόσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | conj | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 λοιμώδους | det | high | |
| 14 | λοιμώδους | λοιμώδης | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νόσου | amod | high | |
| 15 | ἀνενεγκόν | ἀναφέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἔθνος | acl | medium | Form is unusual; likely accusative neuter participle agreeing with ἔθνος, though sense is difficult. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 αὖθις | cc | high | |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 19 ἀνανηξάμενον | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἀνανηξάμενον | ἀνανήχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | conj | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἔτεσιν | ἔτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἔμελλεν | obl | high | Likely dative of time within which. |
| 22 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 24 πολλοῖς | advmod | high | |
| 24 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὕστερον | amod | high | |
| 25 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | |
| 26 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἀκμὴ | det | high | |
| 27 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 28 ἀκμὴ | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ἀκμὴ | ἀκμή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 καθαιρήσειν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | καθαιρήσειν | καθαιρέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
κατέσκηψε δὲ ἐκ Μακεδονίας καὶ ἐς τὰς Βοιωτίας Θήβας τὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου μήνιμα.
The phrase ἐκ Μακεδονίας and ἐς τὰς Βοιωτίας Θήβας are coordinated spatial complements; Βοιωτίας is morphologically ambiguous but most likely functions adjectivally with Θήβας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατέσκηψε | κατασκηπτω | VERB | V-3SAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 κατέσκηψε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Μακεδονίας | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive. |
| 4 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-APF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κατέσκηψε | obl | high | Source/starting point phrase. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the two prepositional phrases. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Θήβας | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative. |
| 7 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Θήβας | det | high | Article modifying Θήβας. |
| 8 | Βοιωτίας | Βοιωτία | ADJ | A-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Θήβας | amod | medium | Likely adjectival form used with the place name 'Thebes' to mean 'Boeotian'. |
| 9 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 κατέσκηψε | obl | high | Goal/destination phrase. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μήνιμα | det | high | Article modifying μήνιμα. |
| 11 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μήνιμα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μήνιμα. |
| 12 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κατέσκηψε | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατέσκηψε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος καὶ αὖθις ὁ Ἀχαιῶν πόλεμος ἐγένετο·
The syntax is straightforward: ἐγένετο is the root, with two nominative subjects coordinated by καί; Λακεδαιμονίοις is a dative of interest.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Neut;Dat;Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of interest/advantage with the verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Postp | _ | 11 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | Masc;Nom;Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art;Nom;Masc;Sg | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Θηβαῖος | det | high | Article modifying Θηβαῖος. |
| 5 | Θηβαῖος | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | Adj;Nom;Masc;Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδας | appos | high | Appositional epithet identifying Ἐπαμινώνδας. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 10 πόλεμος | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects/predicative phrases. |
| 7 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | Adv | _ | 11 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art;Nom;Masc;Sg | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πόλεμος | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμος. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | Adj;Gen;Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πόλεμος | amod | medium | Genitive plural as attributive/modifying noun used adjectivally. |
| 10 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | Noun;Nom;Masc;Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 11 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V;Aor;Mid;Ind;3;Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὅτε δὲ καὶ μόγις, ἅτε ἐκ δένδρου λελωβημένου καὶ αὔου τὰ πλείονα, ἀνεβλάστησεν ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, καὶ αὐτὸ ἡ κακία τῶν στρατηγησάντων ἐκόλουσεν ἔτι αὐξανόμενον.
The sentence contains two coordinated predications; the first has a comparative/causal participial phrase with ἅτε, and the second is syntactically clear but semantically somewhat irregular in the transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 μόγις | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'even' modifying μόγις. |
| 4 | μόγις | μόγις | ADV | D | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the main verb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | mark | high | Comparative/causal subordinator. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 8 δένδρου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 8 | δένδρου | δένδρον | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | obl | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 9 | λελωβημένου | λωβεύω | VERB | V-PPP---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 δένδρου | amod | medium | Participle modifying δένδρου; lemma uncertain but verb form clear. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 αὔου | cc | high | Connects adjectives within the phrase. |
| 11 | αὔου | αὔος | ADJ | A-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 δένδρου | amod | medium | Likely genitive modifier agreeing with δένδρου. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πλείονα | det | high | Article with πλείονα. |
| 13 | πλείονα | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | obj | medium | Adverbial accusative 'for the most part' / direct object-like complement; syntax uncertain. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ἀνεβλάστησεν | ἀναβλαστάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 18 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | Article with Ἑλλάδος. |
| 18 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | obl | high | Source/extent phrase with ἐκ. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Ἀχαϊκόν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαϊκόν. |
| 20 | Ἀχαϊκόν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνεβλάστησεν, substantivized adjective. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | cc | high | Links the second clause. |
| 23 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | obj | medium | Likely object of ἐκόλουσεν; form could also be emphatic. |
| 24 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 κακία | det | high | Article with κακία. |
| 25 | κακία | κακία | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκόλουσεν. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 στρατηγησάντων | det | high | Article with στρατηγησάντων. |
| 27 | στρατηγησάντων | στρατηγεῖν | VERB | V-AA-PMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 κακία | nmod | high | Genitive participial modifier of κακία. |
| 28 | ἐκόλουσεν | κολούω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely second main verb coordinated/juxtaposed with ἀνεβλάστησεν; text may be semantically irregular. |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐκόλουσεν. |
| 30 | αὐξανόμενον | αὐξάνω | VERB | V-PPP-ANA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 αὐτὸ | acl | medium | Participial modifier of αὐτό, though agreement/syntax is somewhat uncertain. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |