Grammar parses for passage 7.17.2
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἔθνος τὸ Ἀττικόν, ἀπὸ τοῦ Πελοποννησίων πολέμου καὶ νόσου τῆς λοιμώδους ἀνενεγκόν τε καὶ αὖθις ἀνανηξάμενον, ἔτεσιν ἔμελλεν οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀκμὴ καθαιρήσειν·
The subject ἔθνος is modified by the participial phrase ἀπὸ ... ἀνενεγκόν τε καὶ ... ἀνανηξάμενον; ἔμελλεν governs the future infinitive καθαιρήσειν, with ἔτεσιν πολλοῖς ὕστερον as a temporal dative phrase. The forms ἀνενεγκόν and ἀνανηξάμενον are neuter singular accusative participles agreeing with ἔθνος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀττικόν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀττικόν | Ἀττικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔθνος | amod | high | Substantivized/identifying adjective in apposition to ἔθνος. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 9 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πολέμου | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Peloponnesian’ war. |
| 10 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 νόσου | cc | high | |
| 12 | νόσου | νόσος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | obl | high | Coordinated with πολέμου under ἀπό. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 λοιμώδους | det | high | |
| 14 | λοιμώδους | λοιμώδης | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νόσου | amod | high | |
| 15 | ἀνενεγκόν | ἀναφέρω | VERB | V-AAPNSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἀνανηξάμενον | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agrees with implied accusative subject ἔθνος of infinitive. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀνενεγκόν | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀνανηξάμενον | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with τε. |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀνανηξάμενον | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἀνανηξάμενον | ἀνανήχομαι | VERB | V-AMPNSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 29 καθαιρήσειν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle coordinated with ἀνενεγκόν; lexical interpretation ‘having recovered/swum up again’ is context-sensitive. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἔτεσιν | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὕστερον | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 22 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 29 καθαιρήσειν | advmod | high | |
| 24 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἔτεσιν | amod | high | |
| 25 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 καθαιρήσειν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb with temporal dative ἔτεσιν πολλοῖς. |
| 26 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἀκμὴ | det | high | |
| 27 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἀκμὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀκμή, ‘the ascendancy of the Macedonians’. |
| 28 | ἀκμὴ | ἀκμή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 καθαιρήσειν | nsubj | high | Semantic subject of the infinitive καθαιρήσειν. |
| 29 | καθαιρήσειν | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-FAI | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future active infinitive complement of ἔμελλεν. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος καὶ αὖθις ὁ Ἀχαιῶν πόλεμος ἐγένετο·
The sentence has a coordinated nominal subject: Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος and ὁ Ἀχαιῶν πόλεμος; Λακεδαιμονίοις is the dative of the party affected or involved. The second genitive phrase ὁ Ἀχαιῶν is interpreted as an attributive genitive modifying πόλεμος, with some syntactic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DatP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _=_ | 11 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Θηβαῖος | det | high | |
| 5 | Θηβαῖος | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδας | appos | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally/appositionally: ‘the Theban’. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _=_ | 10 πόλεμος | cc | high | |
| 7 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _=_ | 11 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πόλεμος | det | medium | Article introducing the second coordinated nominal subject. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πόλεμος | nmod | medium | Genitive attributive to πόλεμος; alternatively may be treated as a genitive complement. |
| 10 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Coordinated with Ἐπαμινώνδας as the nominal subject. |
| 11 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
ὅτε δὲ καὶ μόγις, ἅτε ἐκ δένδρου λελωβημένου καὶ αὔου τὰ πλείονα, ἀνεβλάστησεν ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, καὶ αὐτὸ ἡ κακία τῶν στρατηγησάντων ἐκόλουσεν ἔτι αὐξανόμενον.
ὅτε introduces a temporal subordinate clause whose subject is τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν; ἅτε with the participial phrase gives an explanatory circumstance. In the second clause, αὐτό is the accusative object of ἐκόλουσεν, while αὐξανόμενον is a predicative/object-oriented participle. The form αὔου is taken as genitive singular of αὖος, coordinated with λελωβημένου and modifying δένδρου; τὰ πλείονα is substantivized neuter plural, likely ‘for the most part’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | PronType=Tot | 4 μόγις | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, modifying μόγις. |
| 4 | μόγις | μόγις | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | advmod | high | Adverb ‘with difficulty/scarcely’. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 9 λελωβημένου | mark | high | Concessive/explanatory conjunction governing the participial phrase. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 δένδρου | case | high | |
| 8 | δένδρου | δένδρον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 λελωβημένου | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐκ with passive participle. |
| 9 | λελωβημένου | λωβάω | VERB | V-RMP-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | advcl | high | Perfect passive participle agreeing with δένδρου. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 αὔου | cc | high | Coordinates αὔου with λελωβημένου. |
| 11 | αὔου | αὖος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 λελωβημένου | conj | medium | Genitive singular adjective, coordinated with λελωβημένου and agreeing with δένδρου; spelling/form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πλείονα | det | high | Article substantivizing πλείονα. |
| 13 | πλείονα | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 λελωβημένου | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, likely adverbial accusative ‘for the most part’; attachment to the participial phrase is interpretive. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἀνεβλάστησεν | ἀναβλαστάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the temporal clause. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 18 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | obl | high | Source/place from which it sprouted. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Ἀχαϊκόν | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀχαϊκόν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἀνεβλάστησεν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 23 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐκόλουσεν, referring to τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν. |
| 24 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 κακία | det | high | |
| 25 | κακία | κακία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκόλουσεν. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 στρατηγησάντων | det | high | |
| 27 | στρατηγησάντων | στρατηγέω | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 κακία | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive participle, ‘of those who commanded’. |
| 28 | ἐκόλουσεν | κολούω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | conj | high | Finite predicate coordinated with ἀνεβλάστησεν. |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 30 αὐξανόμενον | advmod | high | ‘Still/yet’, modifying αὐξανόμενον. |
| 30 | αὐξανόμενον | αὐξάνω | VERB | V-PPP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 ἐκόλουσεν | xcomp | high | Present passive participle, predicated of the object αὐτό. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἀνεβλάστησεν | punct | high |