Grammar parses for passage 7.18.1
Open translation for this passage
σταδίους δὲ ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα προελθόντι ἐκ Δύμης ποταμὸς Πεῖρος ἐς θάλατταν κάτεισι, καὶ Ἀχαιῶν πόλις ποτὲ Ὤλενος ᾠκεῖτο παρὰ τῷ Πείρῳ.
Two coordinated clauses share the narrative context; the first has a dative participial phrase with a distance expression, and the second is a simple historical statement with appositions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Accusative of extent/distance with ὅσον τεσσαράκοντα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 κάτεισι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 σταδίους | amod | high | Modifies σταδίους in the sense 'about as many as'. |
| 4 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 1 σταδίους | nummod | medium | Numeral agreeing with the distance phrase. |
| 5 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 κάτεισι | advcl | medium | Dative participle likely concessive/circumstantial, referring to the traveler. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Δύμης | case | high | Preposition governing Δύμης. |
| 7 | Δύμης | Δύμη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 8 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κάτεισι | nsubj | high | Subject of κάτεισι. |
| 9 | Πεῖρος | Πεῖρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to ποταμός. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 11 θάλατταν | case | high | Preposition governing θάλατταν. |
| 11 | θάλατταν | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κάτεισι | obl | high | Directional oblique with ἐς. |
| 12 | κάτεισι | κάτειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κάτεισι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | Links the second clause to the first. |
| 15 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 πόλις | nmod | high | Attributive genitive modifying πόλις. |
| 16 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο. |
| 17 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | _ | _ | 19 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 18 | Ὤλενος | Ὤλενος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πόλις | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to πόλις. |
| 19 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 20 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 22 Πείρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing Πείρῳ. |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Πείρῳ | det | high | Article with Πείρῳ. |
| 22 | Πείρῳ | Πεῖρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Dative object of παρὰ. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὁπόσοι δὲ ἐς Ἡρακλέα καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πεποιήκασιν, ἔστιν οὐκ ἐλάχιστά σφισι δείγματα τοῦ λόγου Δεξαμενὸς ὁ ἐν Ὠλένῳ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁποίων Ἡρακλῆς παρʼ αὐτῷ ξενίων ἔτυχε.
The syntax is complex: the first relative clause depends on the existential ἔστιν, and the second named phrase is appositional to βασιλεύς with a further relative clause on ἔτυχε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | Px-p---mn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 9 πεποιήκασιν | nsubj | high | Correlative relative pronoun introducing the subject clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 9 πεποιήκασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Rv | _ | 4 Ἡρακλέα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 4 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 ἐς | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 Ἡρακλέα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Ra-p---na- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 7 ἔργα | det | high | Article modifying ἔργα. |
| 7 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | Nb-p---na- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 4 Ἡρακλέα | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἡρακλέα under ἐς. |
| 8 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Px-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔργα | nmod:poss | high | Possessive dependent of ἔργα. |
| 9 | πεποιήκασιν | ποιέω | VERB | V-3plia-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=Third|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 11 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Perfect form; likely finite verb in a relative clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main clause verb. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | _ | 13 ἐλάχιστά | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 13 | ἐλάχιστά | ἐλάχιστος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Accusative|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 15 δείγματα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of δείγματα. |
| 14 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp-p---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Common|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 δείγματα | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with δείγματα. |
| 15 | δείγματα | δείγμα | NOUN | Nb-p---na- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Ra-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 17 λόγου | det | high | Article modifying λόγου. |
| 17 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | Nb-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 δείγματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of δείγματα. |
| 18 | Δεξαμενὸς | Δεξαμενός | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 βασιλεὺς | nsubj | high | Subject within the appositive nominal phrase. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Ra-s---mn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 22 βασιλεὺς | det | high | Article with βασιλεὺς. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Rv | _ | 22 βασιλεὺς | case | high | Preposition introducing locative phrase. |
| 21 | Ὠλένῳ | Ὠλένος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 20 ἐν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 22 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | Nb-s---mn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 11 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Appositive predicate/nominative in the existential clause. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 βασιλεὺς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 24 | ὁποίων | ὁποῖος | PRON | Pw-p---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 29 ἔτυχε | obj | medium | Genitive relative pronoun, likely dependent on ἔτυχε with partitive/genitive construction. |
| 25 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 29 ἔτυχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔτυχε. |
| 26 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | Rv | _ | 29 ἔτυχε | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 27 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Px-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 26 παρʼ | obl | high | Object of παρʼ. |
| 28 | ξενίων | ξένιον | NOUN | Nb-p---ng- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 29 ἔτυχε | obj | medium | Genitive plural with ἔτυχε, likely partitive or object-like. |
| 29 | ἔτυχε | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-3sria-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 22 βασιλεὺς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying βασιλεὺς. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ ὅτι μὲν ἦν πόλισμα ἐξ ἀρχῆς μικρὸν ἡ Ὤλενος, μαρτυρεῖ τῷ λόγῳ μου καὶ ἐλεγεῖον ἐς Εὐρυτίωνα Κένταυρον ὑπὸ Ἑρμησιάνακτος πεποιημένον·
The sentence has a content clause introduced by ὅτι, followed by a main clause with μαρτυρεῖ; the second coordinated item ἐλεγεῖον is modified by a participial phrase with an expressed agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | Connects the clause to the preceding discourse. |
| 2 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle within the subordinate clause. |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | ccomp | high | Verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 5 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ἦν; accusative used predicatively. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 7 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 7 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | obl | high | Temporal/source-like modifier of ἦν. |
| 8 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πόλισμα | amod | medium | Agrees with πόλισμα. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-SFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ὤλενος | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 10 | Ὤλενος | Ὤλενος | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of μαρτυρεῖ. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause predicate. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with λόγῳ. |
| 14 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | obl | high | Dative complement of μαρτυρεῖ. |
| 15 | μου | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1GS | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 14 λόγῳ | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive modifying λόγῳ. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἐλεγεῖον | cc | high | Connects the coordinated noun phrase. |
| 17 | ἐλεγεῖον | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | conj | high | Coordinated with the preceding clause as another thing that bears witness. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 Κένταυρον | case | high | Preposition governing the phrase. |
| 19 | Εὐρυτίωνα | Εὐρυτίων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Κένταυρον | compound | medium | Proper name dependent on Κένταυρον; accusative form. |
| 20 | Κένταυρον | Κένταυρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐλεγεῖον | nmod | high | Head of the title/phrase governed by ἐς. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 Ἑρμησιάνακτος | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 22 | Ἑρμησιάνακτος | Ἑρμησιάναξ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πεποιημένον | obl:agent | high | Agent of the participle. |
| 23 | πεποιημένον | ποιέω | VERB | V-PRP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐλεγεῖον | amod | high | Participial modifier of ἐλεγεῖον. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high | Colon punctuation. |
ἀνὰ χρόνον δὲ τοὺς οἰκήτορας ἐκλιπεῖν ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας φασὶ τὴν Ὤλενον καὶ ἐς Πειράς τε καὶ ἐς Εὐρυτειὰς ἀποχωρῆσαι.
Main syntactic frame is φασί with two coordinated infinitival complements in accusative-and-infinitive structure; several place-name case/number details are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 χρόνον | case | high | Governed by χρόνον. |
| 2 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκλιπεῖν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with ἀνά. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 φασὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-AP--MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 οἰκήτορας | det | high | Article modifying οἰκήτορας. |
| 5 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-AP---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐκλιπεῖν | obj | high | Subject of infinitive ἐκλιπεῖν in accusative + infinitive construction. |
| 6 | ἐκλιπεῖν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασί. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 ἀσθενείας | case | high | Governed by ἀσθενείας. |
| 8 | ἀσθενείας | ἀσθένεια | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκλιπεῖν | obl | high | Cause/reason phrase with ὑπό. |
| 9 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF--FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ὤλενον | det | high | Article modifying Ὤλενον. |
| 11 | Ὤλενον | Ὤλενος | PROPN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποχωρῆσαι | obj | medium | Likely feminine accusative of place-name; governs with ἀποχωρῆσαι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐς | cc | high | Connects coordinated prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 14 Πειράς | case | high | Governed by Πειράς. |
| 14 | Πειράς | Πειράς | PROPN | N-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀποχωρῆσαι | obl | medium | Place-name in accusative after ἐς; number/gender somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 Πειράς | discourse | high | Enclitic connective in coordination. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐς | cc | high | Connects the second ἐς-phrase. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 18 Εὐρυτειὰς | case | high | Governed by Εὐρυτειὰς. |
| 18 | Εὐρυτειὰς | Εὐρυτειά | PROPN | N-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀποχωρῆσαι | obl | medium | Place-name in accusative after ἐς; number/gender somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | ἀποχωρῆσαι | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of φασί, coordinated with ἐκλιπεῖν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φασὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |