Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.18.12

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Passage 7.18.12

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

104Greek tokens

3,285input tokens

7,297output tokens

Sentence 1

7.18.12 sentence 1

Tokens: 24
Input: 821
Output: 1,830
Total: 2,651

πρῶτα μὲν δὴ πομπὴν μεγαλοπρεπεστάτην τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι πομπεύουσι, καὶ ἡ ἱερωμένη παρθένος ὀχεῖται τελευταία τῆς πομπῆς ἐπὶ ἐλάφων ὑπὸ τὸ ἅρμα ἐζευγμένων·

The first clause has an implicit subject (the procession participants) with πομπεύουσι; in the second, ἡ ἱερωμένη παρθένος is the subject of ὀχεῖται. ἐζευγμένων agrees with ἐλάφων and is genitive absolute-like/postpositive under ὑπὸ τὸ ἅρμα, describing deer yoked beneath the chariot; the precise attachment of the participial phrase is moderately uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρῶτα	πρῶτος	ADV	A- --NPA	Degree=Pos	8 πομπεύουσι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, ‘first’.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	8 πομπεύουσι	discourse	high	Correlative particle, anticipating καί.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	8 πομπεύουσι	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	πομπὴν	πομπή	NOUN	N-S---AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 πομπεύουσι	obj	high
5	μεγαλοπρεπεστάτην	μεγαλοπρεπής	ADJ	A-S---AFS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 πομπὴν	amod	high
6	τῇ	ὁ	DET	P-S---DF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 Ἀρτέμιδι	det	high
7	Ἀρτέμιδι	Ἄρτεμις	PROPN	Ne-S---DF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 πομπεύουσι	iobj	high	Dative of dedication/ritual recipient.
8	πομπεύουσι	πομπεύω	VERB	V-PIA-3P--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Implicit plural subject.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 πομπεύουσι	punct	high
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 ὀχεῖται	cc	high	Coordinates the second clause.
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	P-S---NF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 παρθένος	det	high
12	ἱερωμένη	ἱερόω	VERB	V-PMP-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	13 παρθένος	amod	medium	Substantivized present passive participle, ‘the consecrated one’; possibly analyzed as a nominal modifier.
13	παρθένος	παρθένος	NOUN	N-S---NF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ὀχεῖται	nsubj	high
14	ὀχεῖται	ὀχέω	VERB	V-PMI-3S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	8 πομπεύουσι	conj	high	Middle, ‘is conveyed/ridden’.
15	τελευταία	τελευταῖος	ADJ	A-S---NF-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ὀχεῖται	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ὀχεῖται.
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P-S---GF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 πομπῆς	det	high
17	πομπῆς	πομπή	NOUN	N-S---GF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 τελευταία	nmod	high	Genitive of relation, ‘last of the procession’.
18	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	19 ἐλάφων	case	high	With genitive ἐλάφων.
19	ἐλάφων	ἔλαφος	NOUN	N-P---GF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ὀχεῖται	obl	medium	Genitive after ἐπί; gender may be masculine or feminine lexically.
20	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	22 ἅρμα	case	high	With accusative τὸ ἅρμα, indicating position beneath.
21	τὸ	ὁ	DET	P-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 ἅρμα	det	high
22	ἅρμα	ἅρμα	NOUN	N-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἐλάφων	nmod	medium	Object of ὑπό; phrase likely locative under the chariot.
23	ἐζευγμένων	ζεύγνυμι	VERB	V-RMP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	19 ἐλάφων	acl	medium	Perfect passive participle agreeing with ἐλάφων; the construction’s exact attachment is uncertain.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	14 ὀχεῖται	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.18.12 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 845
Output: 1,927
Total: 2,772

ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν τηνικαῦτα ἤδη δρᾶν τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν νομίζουσι, δημοσίᾳ τε ἡ πόλις καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον ἐς τὴν ἑορτὴν οἱ ἰδιῶται φιλοτίμως ἔχουσιν.

The sentence has compressed coordination: νομίζουσι governs δρᾶν, while the following τε...καί clause coordinates πόλις and ἰδιῶται around ἔχουσιν and is semantically linked to the same festival context.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	4 ἐπιοῦσαν	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 νομίζουσι	cc	high
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἐπιοῦσαν	det	high
4	ἐπιοῦσαν	ἔπειμι	VERB	PAPF-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	12 νομίζουσι	obl	medium	Substantivized participle, ‘the coming day/time’.
5	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 δρᾶν	advmod	high
6	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	7 δρᾶν	advmod	high
7	δρᾶν	δράω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	12 νομίζουσι	xcomp	medium	Infinitive dependent on νομίζουσι; temporal/idiomatic construction with ἐπιοῦσαν.
8	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 δρᾶν	obj	high	Article substantivizes the following prepositional phrase.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	11 θυσίαν	case	high
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 θυσίαν	det	high
11	θυσίαν	θυσία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 τὰ	nmod	high
12	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Plural subject is supplied by οἱ ἰδιῶται; the coordinated πόλις phrase is an additional coordinated subject construction.
13	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 νομίζουσι	punct	high
14	δημοσίᾳ	δημόσιος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	medium	Adverbial use of the feminine dative form.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 πόλις	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
16	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 πόλις	det	high
17	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	medium	Subject of ἔχουσιν in the coordinated clause; semantically also construed with the preceding general statement.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ἰδιῶται	cc	high	Correlative partner of τε.
19	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PTC	Polarity=Neg	20 ἧσσον	advmod	high
20	ἧσσον	ἧσσον	ADV	ADV-COMP	Degree=Cmp	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high	Comparative adverb, ‘no less’.
21	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	23 ἑορτὴν	case	high
22	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἑορτὴν	det	high
23	ἑορτὴν	ἑορτή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἔχουσιν	obl	high
24	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 ἰδιῶται	det	high
25	ἰδιῶται	ἰδιώτης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high
26	φιλοτίμως	φιλότιμος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high
27	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	12 νομίζουσι	conj	medium	Coordinated finite verb after the comma; subject coordination and scope with preceding νομίζουσι are syntactically compressed.
28	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 νομίζουσι	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.18.12 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 957
Output: 2,648
Total: 3,605

ἐσβάλλουσι γὰρ ζῶντας ἐς τὸν βωμὸν ὄρνιθάς τε τοὺς ἐδωδίμους καὶ ἱερεῖα ὁμοίως ἅπαντα, ἔτι δὲ ὗς ἀγρίους καὶ ἐλάφους τε καὶ δορκάδας, οἱ δὲ καὶ λύκων καὶ ἄρκτων σκύμνους, οἱ δὲ καὶ τὰ τέλεια τῶν θηρίων·

Coordinated present-tense clauses share an understood subject; ὄρνιθάς and the later animal groups are coordinated objects of ἐσβάλλουσι. The second οἱ δέ clauses are elliptical, with σκύμνους and τὰ τέλεια as objects and the verb understood.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐσβάλλουσι	ἐσβάλλω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	advmod	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	ζῶντας	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 ὄρνιθάς	amod	medium	Predicative/supplementary participle agreeing with the animal objects.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	6 βωμὸν	case	high
5	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 βωμὸν	det	high
6	βωμὸν	βωμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obl	high
7	ὄρνιθάς	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high
8	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	7 ὄρνιθάς	cc	high
9	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἐδωδίμους	det	high
10	ἐδωδίμους	ἐδώδιμος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ὄρνιθάς	conj	medium	Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ὄρνιθας; article retained.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	12 ἱερεῖα	cc	high
12	ἱερεῖα	ἱερεῖον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high
13	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	D-	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	advmod	high
14	ἅπαντα	ἅπας	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ἱερεῖα	amod	high	Agrees with ἱερεῖα; likely emphatic distributive extension.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high
16	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D-	_	18 ὗς	advmod	high
17	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	18 ὗς	cc	high	Coordinates the additional object phrase.
18	ὗς	ὗς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	Accusative plural form syncretic with nominative singular.
19	ἀγρίους	ἄγριος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	amod	high
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	21 ἐλάφους	cc	high
21	ἐλάφους	ἔλαφος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	conj	high
22	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	24 δορκάδας	cc	high
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	24 δορκάδας	cc	high
24	δορκάδας	δορκάς	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	conj	high
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high
26	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 δὲ	nsubj	high	Substantival article/pronoun, ‘some of them’.
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	32 σκύμνους	cc	high
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	32 σκύμνους	cc	high
29	λύκων	λύκος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 σκύμνους	nmod	high
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	31 ἄρκτων	cc	high
31	ἄρκτων	ἄρκτος	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	29 λύκων	conj	high
32	σκύμνους	σκύμνος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	Object of understood ἐσβάλλουσι in an elliptical clause.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 σκύμνους	punct	high
34	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 δὲ	nsubj	high	Substantival article/pronoun, ‘others of them’.
35	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	38 τέλεια	cc	high
36	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	38 τέλεια	cc	high
37	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	38 τέλεια	det	high
38	τέλεια	τέλειος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, object of understood ἐσβάλλουσι.
39	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	40 θηρίων	det	high
40	θηρίων	θηρίον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	38 τέλεια	nmod	high
41	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high

Sentence 4

7.18.12 sentence 4

Tokens: 11
Input: 662
Output: 892
Total: 1,554

κατατιθέασι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν καὶ δένδρων καρπὸν τῶν ἡμέρων.

The finite verb governs an implied subject; καρπόν is the object, with δένδρων and τῶν ἡμέρων forming a genitive phrase modifying it. ἐπί with accusative marks the destination. The form κατατιθέασι is morphologically ambiguous in isolation between a present active 3PL and a contract-like/variant spelling; parsed here as present active indicative 3PL.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	κατατιθέασι	κατατίθημι	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Parsed as present active indicative 3PL; spelling is somewhat variant/ambiguous.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 κατατιθέασι	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	5 βωμὸν	case	high	Takes the accusative τὸν βωμόν, indicating destination.
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 βωμὸν	det	high
5	βωμὸν	βωμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 κατατιθέασι	obl	high	Accusative object of ἐπί expressing goal.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 καρπὸν	cc	high	Coordinates the destination phrase with the direct object.
7	δένδρων	δένδρον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 καρπὸν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on καρπόν, specifying the fruit's source.
8	καρπὸν	καρπός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 κατατιθέασι	obj	high	Direct object of κατατιθέασι.
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 ἡμέρων	det	high	Determiner for ἡμέρων.
10	ἡμέρων	ἥμερος	ADJ	A-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 δένδρων	amod	high	Agrees with δένδρων; τῶν ἡμέρων means cultivated/domesticated trees.
11	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 κατατιθέασι	punct	high

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