Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.18.12

← 7.18.11 7.18.13 →

Passage 7.18.12

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

104Greek tokens

3,288input tokens

7,325output tokens

Sentence 1

7.18.12 sentence 1

Tokens: 24
Input: 822
Output: 1,753
Total: 2,575

πρῶτα μὲν δὴ πομπὴν μεγαλοπρεπεστάτην τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι πομπεύουσι, καὶ ἡ ἱερωμένη παρθένος ὀχεῖται τελευταία τῆς πομπῆς ἐπὶ ἐλάφων ὑπὸ τὸ ἅρμα ἐζευγμένων·

The sentence consists of two coordinated main clauses; the second contains a prepositional phrase with a participial modifier whose exact agreement is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρῶτα	πρῶτος	ADV	B	_	8 πομπεύουσι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative used adverbially, modifying the main verb.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G	_	8 πομπεύουσι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G	_	8 πομπεύουσι	discourse	high	Enclitic discourse particle.
4	πομπὴν	πομπή	NOUN	N---FA-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 πομπεύουσι	obj	high	Direct object of πομπεύουσι.
5	μεγαλοπρεπεστάτην	μεγαλοπρεπέστατος	ADJ	A---FA-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 πομπὴν	amod	high	Attributive modifier of πομπήν.
6	τῇ	ὁ	DET	P-S---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 Ἀρτέμιδι	det	high	Definite article.
7	Ἀρτέμιδι	Ἄρτεμις	PROPN	N-3---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 πομπεύουσι	iobj	high	Dative of recipient/beneficiary.
8	πομπεύουσι	πομπεύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 πομπεύουσι	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	14 ὀχεῖται	cc	high	Coordinates the second clause with the first.
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	P-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 παρθένος	det	high	Article modifying the appositive noun phrase.
12	ἱερωμένη	ἱερωμένος	ADJ	A---FN-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 παρθένος	amod	medium	Likely substantivized adjective, modifying παρθένος.
13	παρθένος	παρθένος	NOUN	N---FN-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ὀχεῖται	nsubj	high	Subject of ὀχεῖται.
14	ὀχεῖται	ὀχέομαι	VERB	V-PMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Second clause main verb; coordinated with the first clause.
15	τελευταία	τελευταῖος	ADV	D	_	14 ὀχεῖται	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial accusative meaning 'last/lastly'.
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 πομπῆς	det	high	Article modifying πομπῆς.
17	πομπῆς	πομπή	NOUN	N---FG-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 τελευταία	nmod	high	Genitive complement of τελευταία.
18	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R	_	20 ὑπὸ	case	high	Preposition governing the following genitive phrase.
19	ἐλάφων	ἔλαφος	NOUN	N---FG-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	22 ἅρμα	nmod	medium	Dependent genitive within the prepositional phrase.
20	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	18 ἐπὶ	case	high	Preposition governing τὸ ἅρμα.
21	τὸ	ὁ	DET	P-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 ἅρμα	det	high	Article modifying ἅρμα.
22	ἅρμα	ἅρμα	NOUN	N---NA-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ὑπὸ	obl	high	Object of ὑπό in the prepositional phrase.
23	ἐζευγμένων	ζεύγνυμι	VERB	V-RPP-??	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	22 ἅρμα	amod	medium	Genitive plural participle agreeing with ἁρμά as an attributive participial modifier; exact agreement is somewhat irregular in context.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	14 ὀχεῖται	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 2

7.18.12 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 845
Output: 1,948
Total: 2,793

ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν τηνικαῦτα ἤδη δρᾶν τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν νομίζουσι, δημοσίᾳ τε ἡ πόλις καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον ἐς τὴν ἑορτὴν οἱ ἰδιῶται φιλοτίμως ἔχουσιν.

The first clause has an infinitival complement with an uncertain internal attachment for δρᾶν; the second clause is coordinated under νομίζουσι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	AdpType=Prep	7 δρᾶν	mark	high	Preposition governing the infinitive phrase.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	12 νομίζουσι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 ἐπιοῦσαν	det	high	Article with participle.
4	ἐπιοῦσαν	ἐπείμι	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 δρᾶν	amod	high	Attributive participle modifying τὴν.
5	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	_	_	7 δρᾶν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying the infinitive.
6	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	_	_	7 δρᾶν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
7	δρᾶν	δράω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	12 νομίζουσι	obj	medium	Infinitive complement after νομίζουσι; relation somewhat uncertain.
8	τὰ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 δρᾶν	det	high	Article with infinitive phrase nominalization.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	AdpType=Prep	11 θυσίαν	case	high	Preposition governing θυσίαν.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 θυσίαν	det	high	Article with noun.
11	θυσίαν	θυσία	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 δρᾶν	obl	high	Prepositional phrase dependent on the infinitive.
12	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 νομίζουσι	punct	high	Punctuation.
14	δημοσίᾳ	δημοσίᾳ	ADV	_	_	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	medium	Adverbial use, modifying ἔχουσιν.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	17 πόλις	cc	high	Enclitic coordinating particle.
16	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 πόλις	det	high	Article with πόλις.
17	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔχουσιν.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	27 ἔχουσιν	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
19	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	_	Polarity=Neg	20 ἧσσον	advmod	high	Negator modifying comparative adverb.
20	ἧσσον	ἧσσον	ADV	_	Degree=Cmp	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high	Comparative adverb modifying ἔχουσιν.
21	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	AdpType=Prep	23 ἑορτὴν	case	high	Preposition governing ἑορτήν.
22	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 ἑορτὴν	det	high	Article with noun.
23	ἑορτὴν	ἑορτή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἔχουσιν	obl	high	Prepositional complement of ἔχουσιν.
24	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 ἰδιῶται	det	high	Article with noun.
25	ἰδιῶται	ἰδιώτης	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high	Second subject coordinated with πόλις.
26	φιλοτίμως	φιλοτίμως	ADV	_	_	27 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high	Manner adverb modifying ἔχουσιν.
27	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	12 νομίζουσι	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb with νομίζουσι.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 νομίζουσι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

7.18.12 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 958
Output: 2,802
Total: 3,760

ἐσβάλλουσι γὰρ ζῶντας ἐς τὸν βωμὸν ὄρνιθάς τε τοὺς ἐδωδίμους καὶ ἱερεῖα ὁμοίως ἅπαντα, ἔτι δὲ ὗς ἀγρίους καὶ ἐλάφους τε καὶ δορκάδας, οἱ δὲ καὶ λύκων καὶ ἄρκτων σκύμνους, οἱ δὲ καὶ τὰ τέλεια τῶν θηρίων·

The sentence is a long list of direct objects coordinated in several waves; the main syntactic challenge is attaching the successive appositive/coordinate noun phrases to the initial verb ἐσβάλλουσι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐσβάλλουσι	ἐσβάλλω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite main verb.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	ζῶντας	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	advcl	high	Participial clause modifying the main verb; accusative likely agreeing with the omitted direct object set.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	6 βωμὸν	case	high	Preposition governing ἄμ/accusative.
5	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 βωμὸν	det	high	Article modifying βωμόν.
6	βωμὸν	βωμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obl	high	Goal of ἐς.
7	ὄρνιθάς	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	First item in the list of offerings.
8	τε	τε	PART	G	_	7 ὄρνιθάς	cc	high	Enclitic coordinating particle.
9	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	L-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 ἐδωδίμους	det	high	Article modifying ἐδωδίμους.
10	ἐδωδίμους	ἐδώδιμος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ὄρνιθάς	amod	high	Attributive adjective with ὄρνιθάς.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	12 ἱερεῖα	cc	high	Coordinates ἱερεῖα with προηγούμενα.
12	ἱερεῖα	ἱερείον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ὄρνιθάς	conj	high	Coordinated object in the list.
13	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	D	_	7 ὄρνιθάς	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the verb/listing relation.
14	ἅπαντα	ἅπας	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ἱερεῖα	amod	low	Likely agrees with ἱερεῖα by sense; surface form ambiguous between nominative/accusative neuter plural.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high	Comma.
16	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	advmod	high	Adverb introducing further items.
17	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	16 ἔτι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
18	ὗς	ὗς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	low	Form is ambiguous in isolation; interpreted as accusative plural in the list.
19	ἀγρίους	ἄγριος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying ὗς.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	21 ἐλάφους	cc	high	Coordinates ἐλάφους.
21	ἐλάφους	ἔλαφος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	conj	medium	Likely accusative plural as coordinated object.
22	τε	τε	PART	G	_	21 ἐλάφους	cc	high	Enclitic coordinating particle.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	24 δορκάδας	cc	high	Coordinates δορκάδας.
24	δορκάδας	δορκάς	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 ὗς	conj	high	Coordinated object in the list.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high	Comma.
26	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	32 σκύμνους	det	high	Article substantivizing σκύμνους.
27	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	26 οἱ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	29 λύκων	cc	high	Coordinates genitive modifier.
29	λύκων	λύκος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 σκύμνους	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of σκύμνους.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	31 ἄρκτων	cc	high	Coordinates ἄρκτων.
31	ἄρκτων	ἄρκτος	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	29 λύκων	conj	high	Coordinated genitive dependent.
32	σκύμνους	σκύμνος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	Object in the second list.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high	Comma.
34	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	38 τέλεια	det	high	Article modifying τέλεια.
35	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	34 οἱ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
36	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	37 τὰ	cc	high	Coordinates τὰ.
37	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	38 τέλεια	det	high	Article modifying τέλεια.
38	τέλεια	τέλειος	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, object of ἐσβάλλουσι.
39	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	40 θηρίων	det	high	Article modifying θηρίων.
40	θηρίων	θηρίον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	38 τέλεια	nmod	high	Genitive complement of τέλεια.
41	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐσβάλλουσι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

7.18.12 sentence 4

Tokens: 11
Input: 663
Output: 822
Total: 1,485

κατατιθέασι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν καὶ δένδρων καρπὸν τῶν ἡμέρων.

The genitive phrase τῶν ἡμέρων is syntactically difficult; it is taken as modifying δένδρων within the coordinated object phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	κατατιθέασι	κατατίθημι	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite verb, main predicate.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	DCL	_	1 κατατιθέασι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R	_	1 κατατιθέασι	case	high	Introduces prepositional phrase.
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 βωμὸν	det	high	Article modifying βωμόν.
5	βωμὸν	βωμός	NOUN	N-SM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 κατατιθέασι	obl	high	Object of ἐπὶ.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	8 καρπὸν	cc	high	Coordinates the two objects.
7	δένδρων	δένδρον	NOUN	N-PN-G	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 καρπὸν	nmod	high	Attributive genitive with καρπόν.
8	καρπὸν	καρπός	NOUN	N-SM-A	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 κατατιθέασι	obj	high	Second coordinated object.
9	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA-PG	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Any\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 ἡμέρων	det	high	Article modifying ἡμέρων.
10	ἡμέρων	ἡμέρος	ADJ	A-PG-P	Case=Gen\|Gender=Any\|Number=Plur	7 δένδρων	amod	medium	Likely adjective meaning 'cultivated/fruit-bearing'; modifies δένδρων as part of the genitive phrase.
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 κατατιθέασι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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