Grammar parses for passage 7.18.13
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου πῦρ ἐνιᾶσιν ἐς τὰ ξύλα.
The neuter article τὸ substantivizes the phrase ἀπὸ τούτου as a temporal/topic expression (“thereafter/from this”); πῦρ is the object of ἐνιᾶσιν, with ἐς τὰ ξύλα marking destination or medium. The exact sense and lexical analysis of ἐνιᾶσιν are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐνιᾶσιν | mark | medium | Neuter article substantivizing the following prepositional phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 ἐνιᾶσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πῦρ | obl | medium | Genitive demonstrative governed by ἀπό; phrase is substantivized by τὸ. |
| 5 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐνιᾶσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐνιᾶσιν. |
| 6 | ἐνιᾶσιν | ἐνίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form and lexical analysis are uncertain; treated as a finite third-plural present active verb, likely meaning ‘they put/send in’. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 9 ξύλα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς, governing the accusative. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ξύλα | det | high | Article agreeing with ξύλα. |
| 9 | ξύλα | ξύλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐνιᾶσιν | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐς, marking destination or placement. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐνιᾶσιν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθά που καὶ ἄρκτον καὶ ἄλλο τι ἐθεασάμην τῶν ζῴων, τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τὴν πρώτην ὁρμὴν τοῦ πυρὸς βιαζόμενα ἐς τὸ ἐκτός, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐκφεύγοντα ὑπὸ ἰσχύος·
The participial groups τὰ μὲν ... τὰ δὲ ... are coordinated accusative objects/predicative descriptions linked to the animals understood from τῶν ζῴων; the first participle is middle/passive and the second active. The adverb που is enclitic and mildly uncertain in scope.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | _ | 8 ἐθεασάμην | advmod | high | |
| 2 | που | που | ADV | D- | _ | 8 ἐθεασάμην | advmod | medium | Enclitic indefinite/adverbial particle; scope is somewhat flexible. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἄρκτον | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἄρκτον | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐθεασάμην | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἄλλο | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τι | amod | high | |
| 7 | τι | τις | PRON | P----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐθεασάμην | obj | high | Together with ἄλλο, ‘something else’; coordinated with ἄρκτον. |
| 8 | ἐθεασάμην | θεάομαι | VERB | V-AIM-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ζῴων | det | high | |
| 10 | ζῴων | ζῷον | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐθεασάμην | nmod | high | Partitive/specifying genitive with the objects ‘an animal and something else of the animals’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐθεασάμην | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 βιαζόμενα | nsubj | medium | Article substantivizes an understood plural neuter group; syntactic linkage to the animals is elliptical. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 τὰ | discourse | high | |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 βιαζόμενα | case | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὁρμὴν | det | high | |
| 16 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὁρμὴν | amod | high | |
| 17 | ὁρμὴν | ὁρμή | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 βιαζόμενα | obl | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 πυρὸς | det | high | |
| 19 | πυρὸς | πῦρ | NOUN | N----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὁρμὴν | nmod | high | |
| 20 | βιαζόμενα | βιάζω | VERB | V-PPM-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐθεασάμην | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with the substantivized τὰ; passive sense is possible despite middle morphology (‘being forced’). |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἐκτός | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐκτός | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐκτός | ἐκτός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 βιαζόμενα | obl | high | Adverb substantivized by τὸ; destination ‘to the outside’. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 βιαζόμενα | punct | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐκφεύγοντα | nsubj | medium | Second coordinated substantivized group, contrasted by δέ. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 τὰ | cc | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἐκφεύγοντα | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἐκφεύγοντα | ἐκφεύγω | VERB | V-PPA-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐθεασάμην | advcl | medium | Coordinated circumstantial participle, agreeing with τὰ; may be read as a parallel description of the animals. |
| 29 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 ἰσχύος | case | high | |
| 30 | ἰσχύος | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐκφεύγοντα | obl | high | Genitive with ὑπό, expressing cause or agency (‘through/by force’). |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐθεασάμην | punct | high |
ταῦτα οἱ ἐμβαλόντες ἐπανάγουσιν αὖθις ἐς τὴν πυράν.
The article οἱ substantivizes the aorist active participle ἐμβαλόντες as the plural subject; ταῦτα is the object of both the participle’s implied action and the finite verb, with ἐς τὴν πυράν marking the destination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | RD-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐπανάγουσιν | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative demonstrative pronoun, object of ἐπανάγουσιν. |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐμβαλόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle ἐμβαλόντες. |
| 3 | ἐμβαλόντες | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | VA-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπανάγουσιν | nsubj | high | Aorist active participle with οἱ, functioning as the finite verb’s subject. |
| 4 | ἐπανάγουσιν | ἐπανάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite present active indicative, third-person plural. |
| 5 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐπανάγουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning again/back. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-------- | _ | 8 πυράν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase τὴν πυράν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-FSA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πυράν | det | high | Article modifying πυράν. |
| 8 | πυράν | πυρά | NOUN | N-FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπανάγουσιν | obl | high | Accusative destination governed by ἐς. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐπανάγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τρωθῆναι δὲ οὐδένα ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων μνημονεύουσιν.
Infinitival clause τρωθῆναι ... οὐδένα is the reported content/object of μνημονεύουσιν; οὐδένα is the accusative subject of the passive infinitive, while ὑπό + genitive marks the agent. δέ is postpositive connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρωθῆναι | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 7 μνημονεύουσιν | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive; its accusative subject is οὐδένα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 μνημονεύουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 1 τρωθῆναι | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 θηρίων | case | high | Agent-marking preposition with the genitive. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 θηρίων | det | high | |
| 6 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 τρωθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive infinitive, governed by ὑπό. |
| 7 | μνημονεύουσιν | μνημονεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 μνημονεύουσιν | punct | high |