Grammar parses for passage 7.18.6
Open translation for this passage
ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον Πατρεῖς διέβησαν ἐς Αἰτωλίαν Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι κατὰ φιλίαν τὴν Αἰτωλῶν, τὸν πόλεμόν σφισι τὸν πρὸς Γαλάτας συνδιοίσοντες.
The participle συνδιοίσοντες is circumstantial, agreeing with Πατρεῖς and expressing the purpose/context of crossing to Aetolia; ἀνὰ χρόνον means 'after an interval/over time'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Pos | 6 διέβησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial use of the feminine dative singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 διέβησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | P | _ | 4 χρόνον | case | high | With accusative χρόνον. |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Temporal accusative with ἀνά. |
| 5 | Πατρεῖς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 διέβησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic/proper name, subject of διέβησαν. |
| 6 | διέβησαν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 8 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μόνοι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with μόνοι. |
| 10 | μόνοι | μόνος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Πατρεῖς | amod | high | Predicative/depictive adjective agreeing with Πατρεῖς. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 φιλίαν | case | high | With accusative φιλίαν. |
| 12 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Manner/circumstance phrase κατὰ φιλίαν. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φιλίαν | det | high | |
| 14 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φιλίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φιλίαν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 διέβησαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμόν | det | high | |
| 17 | πόλεμόν | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 συνδιοίσοντες | obj | high | Object of συνδιοίσοντες. |
| 18 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 συνδιοίσοντες | iobj | medium | Dative of interest/reference: the war to be jointly borne for them/with them. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμόν | det | high | |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 21 Γαλάτας | case | high | With accusative Γαλάτας. |
| 21 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πόλεμόν | nmod | high | Enemy/against phrase modifying πόλεμον. |
| 22 | συνδιοίσοντες | συνδιαφέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 διέβησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Πατρεῖς; future-oriented sense from context. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 διέβησαν | punct | high |
προσπταίσαντες δʼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις λόγου μειζόνως καὶ ὑπὸ πενίας ἅμα οἱ πολλοὶ πιεζόμενοι Πάτρας μὲν πλὴν ὀλίγων τινῶν ἐκλείπουσιν·
The participial phrase προσπταίσαντες ... πιεζόμενοι supplies the circumstances for ἐκλείπουσιν; λόγου μειζόνως is construed adverbially with προσπταίσαντες, and πλὴν ὀλίγων τινῶν excepts a small number from οἱ πολλοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσπταίσαντες | προσπταίω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist active circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with οἱ πολλοί. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | cc | high | Apodotic/continuative connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 μάχαις | case | high | |
| 4 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 5 μάχαις | det | high | |
| 5 | μάχαις | μάχη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 1 προσπταίσαντες | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 6 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 μειζόνως | obl | medium | Adverbial genitive, idiomatically ‘in respect of / by reason of speech or reproach’; exact nuance is uncertain. |
| 7 | μειζόνως | μείζων | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 1 προσπταίσαντες | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb modifying προσπταίσαντες; λόγου may be its genitive complement. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 πιεζόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 πενίας | case | high | |
| 10 | πενίας | πενία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 14 πιεζόμενοι | obl:agent | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό with a passive participle. |
| 11 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 πιεζόμενοι | advmod | high | ‘At the same time’; scopes over πιεζόμενοι. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 πολλοὶ | det | high | Substantival article with πολλοί. |
| 13 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐκλείπουσιν. |
| 14 | πιεζόμενοι | πιέζω | VERB | V-PPP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | advcl | high | Present passive circumstantial participle, coordinated in sense with προσπταίσαντες. |
| 15 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | obj | high | Accusative plural place-name, object of ἐκλείπουσιν. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 15 Πάτρας | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with the contrast supplied by the exception πλὴν. |
| 17 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ὀλίγων | case | high | Exceptive preposition governing the genitive. |
| 18 | ὀλίγων | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Genitive|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | obl: except | medium | Substantivized genitive after πλήν; excepted persons. |
| 19 | τινῶν | τις | PRON | PX-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Ind | 18 ὀλίγων | det | high | Indefinite determiner modifying ὀλίγων. |
| 20 | ἐκλείπουσιν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κατὰ χώραν ὑπὸ φιλεργίας ἐσκεδάσθησαν καὶ πολίσματα παρὲξ αὐτὰς Πάτρας τοσάδε ἄλλα ᾤκησαν, Μεσάτιν καὶ Ἄνθειαν καὶ Βολίνην καὶ Ἀργυρᾶν τε καὶ Ἄρβαν.
The subject οἱ ἄλλοι has coordinated predicates ἐσκεδάσθησαν and ᾤκησαν; πολίσματα is the accusative object of ᾤκησαν, with the following place names in apposition. παρὲξ αὐτὰς Πάτρας means 'beside Patras itself'; κατὰ χώραν is distributive, and ὑπό with the genitive expresses cause/agency. The exact parsing of τοσάδε ἄλλα as a quantified noun phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 χώραν | case | high | |
| 5 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | obl | high | Distributive/local phrase κατὰ χώραν. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 φιλεργίας | case | high | |
| 7 | φιλεργίας | φιλεργία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | obl:agent | high | Causal/agentive ὑπό phrase. |
| 8 | ἐσκεδάσθησαν | σκεδάννυμι | VERB | V-API-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ᾤκησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 10 | πολίσματα | πολίσμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ᾤκησαν | obj | high | |
| 11 | παρὲξ | παρέξ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Πάτρας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 12 | αὐτὰς | αὐτός | PRON | P---AF3P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 Πάτρας | amod | high | Intensive modifier, 'the very Patras'; plural form agrees with Πάτρας. |
| 13 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | Ne---FP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ᾤκησαν | obl | high | Place complement of παρὲξ. |
| 14 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἄλλα | amod | medium | Demonstrative quantifier modifying ἄλλα. |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πολίσματα | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely 'other [settlements]' and linked to πολίσματα. |
| 16 | ᾤκησαν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | conj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ᾤκησαν | punct | high | |
| 18 | Μεσάτιν | Μεσάτις | PROPN | Ne---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πολίσματα | appos | high | First appositional place name; accusative under the omitted/repeated object relation. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Ἄνθειαν | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἄνθειαν | Ἄνθεια | PROPN | Ne---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεσάτιν | conj | high | Coordinated place name. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Βολίνην | cc | high | |
| 22 | Βολίνην | Βολίνη | PROPN | Ne---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ἄνθειαν | conj | high | Coordinated place name. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Ἀργυρᾶν | cc | high | |
| 24 | Ἀργυρᾶν | Ἀργυρᾶ | PROPN | Ne---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Βολίνην | conj | high | Coordinated place name. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 Ἄρβαν | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καὶ. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 Ἄρβαν | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ἄρβαν | Ἄρβα | PROPN | Ne---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀργυρᾶν | conj | high | Final coordinated place name. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | punct | high |