Grammar parses for passage 7.18.6
Open translation for this passage
Πατρεῖ μὲν τοιαῦτα ἐς τοὺς προγόνους ὑπάρχοντα ἦν·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: τοιαῦτα is treated as object of the participle ὑπάρχοντα, with ἐς τοὺς προγόνους as a prepositional phrase modifying the same participial idea.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πατρεῖ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 ἦν | obl | low | Likely dative singular noun; form is unusual/uncertain, perhaps poetic or dialectal spelling. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 7 ὑπάρχοντα | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural agreeing with participle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 προγόνους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 6 προγόνους | det | high | Article. |
| 6 | προγόνους | πρόγονος | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 4 ἐς | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 7 | ὑπάρχοντα | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-pppana- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἦν | xcomp | high | Participial complement modifying/linked to ἦν. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3siia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/root verb. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον Πατρεῖς διέβησαν ἐς Αἰτωλίαν Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι κατὰ φιλίαν τὴν Αἰτωλῶν, τὸν πόλεμόν σφισι τὸν πρὸς Γαλάτας συνδιοίσοντες.
The participial clause at the end is syntactically dependent on the main verb; Ἀχαιῶν μόνοι is somewhat compressed and may be read as an appositive/limiting modifier rather than a full clause constituent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | D--------- | _ | 6 διέβησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier, likely 'in private/specially'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 6 διέβησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 χρόνον | case | high | With accusative χρόνον. |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Temporal oblique phrase. |
| 5 | Πατρεῖς | Πατρεῖς | PROPN | Ne-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 6 διέβησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of διέβησαν. |
| 6 | διέβησαν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V3AAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | Preposition with motion into. |
| 8 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μόνοι | nmod | medium | Genitive qualifying μόνοι; could be partitive or source. |
| 10 | μόνοι | μόνος | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 διέβησαν | advmod | medium | Predicative/secondary modifier: 'alone'. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 φιλίαν | case | high | With accusative φιλίαν. |
| 12 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 διέβησαν | obl | high | Adverbial/causal or manner phrase with κατά. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | Article modifying Αἰτωλῶν. |
| 14 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φιλίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φιλίαν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 διέβησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμόν | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμόν. |
| 17 | πόλεμόν | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 συνδιοίσοντες | obj | high | Object of participle συνδιοίσοντες. |
| 18 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3p---pd- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 συνδιοίσοντες | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with the participle. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεμόν | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμόν. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 21 Γαλάτας | case | high | With accusative Γαλάτας. |
| 21 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πόλεμόν | nmod | high | Prepositional complement modifying πόλεμόν. |
| 22 | συνδιοίσοντες | συνδιοίσω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 διέβησαν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, likely coordinated in sense with the main clause. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 διέβησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προσπταίσαντες δʼ ἐν ταῖς μάχαις λόγου μειζόνως καὶ ὑπὸ πενίας ἅμα οἱ πολλοὶ πιεζόμενοι Πάτρας μὲν πλὴν ὀλίγων τινῶν ἐκλείπουσιν·
Main clause with participial circumstantials and a genitive absolute-like/ablative phrase; ὀλίγων τινῶν depends on πλὴν as an exception phrase modifying the clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσπταίσαντες | προσπταίω | VERB | VPAAPM | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural, circumstantial. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 1 προσπταίσαντες | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 μάχαις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 4 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 μάχαις | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | μάχαις | μάχη | NOUN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 προσπταίσαντες | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 6 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μειζόνως | obl | medium | Genitive phrase; likely part of comparison/measure with μειζόνως. |
| 7 | μειζόνως | μείζων | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἅμα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 πενίας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | πενίας | πενία | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἅμα | obl | high | Object of ὑπό. |
| 11 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 πιεζόμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πολλοὶ | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πιεζόμενοι | nsubj | high | Substantival adjective with article. |
| 14 | πιεζόμενοι | πιέζω | VERB | VPPPMN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | advcl | high | Present middle/passive participle, circumstantial. |
| 15 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | Np-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | obj | medium | Likely accusative plural of place name after ἐκλείπουσιν, though form can be ambiguous. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 Πάτρας | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 17 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ὀλίγων | case | high | Exception marker/preposition-like particle. |
| 18 | ὀλίγων | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | obl | high | Part of exception phrase with τινῶν. |
| 19 | τινῶν | τις | PRON | Px-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 18 ὀλίγων | fixed | medium | Indefinite pronoun in genitive, likely forming the phrase ὀλίγων τινῶν. |
| 20 | ἐκλείπουσιν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐκλείπουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κατὰ χώραν ὑπὸ φιλεργίας ἐσκεδάσθησαν καὶ πολίσματα παρὲξ αὐτὰς Πάτρας τοσάδε ἄλλα ᾤκησαν, Μεσάτιν καὶ Ἄνθειαν καὶ Βολίνην καὶ Ἀργυρᾶν τε καὶ Ἄρβαν.
The syntax is a coordinated pair of clauses; the second clause contains a list of place names as objects of ᾤκησαν, with παρὲξ αὐτὰς Πάτρας functioning as a locative oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- P---MN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄλλοι | det | high | Article with substantivized adjective |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective |
| 3 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐσκεδάσθησαν |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 χώραν | case | high | Governed by χώραν |
| 5 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατά |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 φιλεργίας | case | high | Marks cause/means |
| 7 | φιλεργίας | φιλεργία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | obl | high | Causal oblique with ὑπό |
| 8 | ἐσκεδάσθησαν | σκεδάννυμι | VERB | V-API3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ᾤκησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first |
| 10 | πολίσματα | πολίσμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ᾤκησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ᾤκησαν |
| 11 | παρὲξ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ᾤκησαν | case | high | Variant/poetic form meaning 'beside/beyond' |
| 12 | αὐτὰς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 Πάτρας | det | high | Modifies Πάτρας |
| 13 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | Np-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ᾤκησαν | obl | medium | Place name in accusative plural; form may reflect locale usage |
| 14 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἄλλα | amod | high | Modifies ἄλλα |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πολίσματα | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of πολίσματα |
| 16 | ᾤκησαν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-AAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ᾤκησαν | punct | high | Punctuation |
| 18 | Μεσάτιν | Μεσᾶτις | PROPN | Np-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ᾤκησαν | obj | medium | One of the named settlements |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Ἄνθειαν | cc | high | Lists proper names |
| 20 | Ἄνθειαν | Ἀνθεία | PROPN | Np-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεσάτιν | conj | high | Conjunct in list |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Βολίνην | cc | high | Lists proper names |
| 22 | Βολίνην | Βολίνη | PROPN | Np-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεσάτιν | conj | high | Conjunct in list |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Ἀργυρᾶν | cc | high | Lists proper names |
| 24 | Ἀργυρᾶν | Ἀργυρά | PROPN | Np-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεσάτιν | conj | high | Conjunct in list |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 24 Ἀργυρᾶν | discourse | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle in list |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 Ἄρβαν | cc | high | Final list conjunction |
| 27 | Ἄρβαν | Ἄρβα | PROPN | Np-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεσάτιν | conj | high | Final conjunct in list |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐσκεδάσθησαν | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation |