Grammar parses for passage 7.18.8
Open translation for this passage
Πατρεῦσι δὲ ἐν ἄκρᾳ τῇ πόλει Λαφρίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος.
Existential construction: Πατρεῦσι is a locative dative; ἱερόν is the predicate noun, with ἐστιν as copular root. ἐν ἄκρᾳ τῇ πόλει is a locative phrase, and Λαφρίας is a genitive dependent on ἱερόν; Ἀρτέμιδος is appositional/genitival specification of the sanctuary’s deity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πατρεῦσι | Πάτραι | PROPN | Neut.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative dative, ‘at Patrae’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἄκρᾳ | case | high | Introduces the locative phrase. |
| 4 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρος | ADJ | A--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλει | amod | high | Feminine dative agreeing with πόλει; ‘uppermost/extreme’. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 πόλει | det | high | Article modifying πόλει. |
| 6 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | obl | high | Object of ἐν; locative phrase ‘in the city’. |
| 7 | Λαφρίας | Λαφρία | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν, naming the sanctuary/deity; exact appositional relation is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 8 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative/theme of the existential clause. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 10 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the deity associated with the sanctuary. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ξενικὸν μὲν τῇ θεῷ τὸ ὄνομα, ἐσηγμένον δὲ ἑτέρωθεν καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα.
Nominal verbless clauses: ξενικόν modifies τὸ ὄνομα, while ἐσηγμένον agrees with τὸ ἄγαλμα; copular predicates are analyzed with the coordinated nominal subjects as roots of their clauses, with ellipsis of εἰμί. ἐσηγμένον is perfect passive participle, probably meaning 'brought in/introduced from elsewhere'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ξενικὸν | ξενικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | amod | high | Predicate adjective in a verbless clause; formally nominative neuter singular. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 6 ὄνομα | discourse | high | Correlative particle, opposed to δέ. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 4 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | iobj | medium | Dative of reference: 'for the goddess'; θεός is feminine here. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal subject of an elliptical copula; first μὲν clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὄνομα | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἐσηγμένον | εἰσάγω | VERB | V-RMPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 13 ἄγαλμα | acl | high | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with τὸ ἄγαλμα; adjectival/predicative use. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 10 | ἑτέρωθεν | ἑτέρωθεν | ADV | D | _ | 8 ἐσηγμένον | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'from elsewhere/from another side'. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal clause with the first. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | conj | high | Second coordinated nominal subject, with an elliptical copula and participial predicate. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὄνομα | punct | high |
Καλυδῶνος γὰρ καὶ Αἰτωλίας τῆς ἄλλης ὑπὸ Αὐγούστου βασιλέως ἐρημωθείσης διὰ τὸ τὴν ἐς τὴν Νικόπολιν τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἀκτίου συνοικίζεσθαι καὶ τὸ Αἰτωλικόν, οὕτω τὸ ἄγαλμα τῆς Λαφρίας οἱ Πατρεῖς ἔσχον.
The genitive absolute Καλυδῶνος ... ἐρημωθείσης supplies the background cause; τὸ ... συνοικίζεσθαι is an articular infinitive governed by διά, with τὴν Νικόπολιν ... and τὸ Αἰτωλικόν as coordinated objects. The article τὴν before ἐς is treated as an accusative article introducing an elliptical nominal phrase, with low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καλυδῶνος | Καλυδών | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρημωθείσης | nsubj | high | Genitive-subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 33 ἔσχον | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction; normalized relation is discourse. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 4 Αἰτωλίας | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive-absolutive subjects. |
| 4 | Αἰτωλίας | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρημωθείσης | nsubj | high | Coordinated genitive-subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλλης | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλης. |
| 6 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Αἰτωλίας | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the rest/other’ of Aetolia. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R---- | _ | 10 ἐρημωθείσης | case | high | Agent marker for the passive participle. |
| 8 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρημωθείσης | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent after ὑπό. |
| 9 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Αὐγούστου | appos | high | Apposition to Augustus, ‘king’. |
| 10 | ἐρημωθείσης | ἐρημόω | VERB | V--APP-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 33 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle in genitive absolute. |
| 11 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R---- | _ | 21 συνοικίζεσθαι | case | high | Cause marker governing the articular infinitive. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 συνοικίζεσθαι | mark | high | Neuter article nominalizing the infinitive. |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Νικόπολιν | det | medium | Article associated with Νικόπολιν; the intervening ἐς phrase makes the construction elliptical/irregular. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 16 Νικόπολιν | case | high | Preposition governing Νικόπολιν. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Νικόπολιν | det | high | Article modifying Νικόπολιν. |
| 16 | Νικόπολιν | Νικόπολις | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 συνοικίζεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of συνοικίζεσθαι, within the εἰς phrase. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὑπὲρ | det | medium | Article in the phrase τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἀκτίου; syntactically elliptical. |
| 18 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R---- | _ | 20 Ἀκτίου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀκτίου. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S----GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀκτίου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀκτίου. |
| 20 | Ἀκτίου | Ἄκτιον | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 Νικόπολιν | nmod | high | Genitive object of ὑπέρ, specifying the Actium location. |
| 21 | συνοικίζεσθαι | συνοικίζω | VERB | V--PPN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐρημωθείσης | xcomp | medium | Articular present passive infinitive; passive/medium interpretation is morphologically ambiguous. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 24 Αἰτωλικόν | cc | high | Coordinates τὸ Αἰτωλικόν with Νικόπολιν as objects of the infinitive. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 Αἰτωλικόν | det | high | Article substantivizing/modifying Αἰτωλικόν. |
| 24 | Αἰτωλικόν | Αἰτωλικός | ADJ | A----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 συνοικίζεσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, coordinated object of συνοικίζεσθαι. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἔσχον | punct | high | |
| 26 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 33 ἔσχον | advmod | high | Adverb ‘thus’, correlating with the preceding explanation. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 28 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἔσχον | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχον. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 Λαφρίας | det | high | Article modifying Λαφρίας. |
| 30 | Λαφρίας | Λαφρία | PROPN | Ne-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 31 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Πατρεῖς | det | high | Article with substantivized ethnic noun. |
| 32 | Πατρεῖς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | Ne-mp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἔσχον | nsubj | high | Subject, the people of Patrae. |
| 33 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἔσχον | punct | high |