Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.19.2

← 7.19.1 7.19.3 →

Passage 7.19.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

94Greek tokens

2,665input tokens

6,805output tokens

Sentence 1

7.19.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 32
Input: 907
Output: 2,342
Total: 3,249

λέγουσιν οὖν συμβῆναί ποτε ὡς ἱερᾶσθαι μὲν τῆς θεοῦ Κομαιθὼ τὸ εἶδος καλλίστην παρθένον, τυγχάνειν δὲ αὐτῆς ἐρῶντα Μελάνιππον, τά τε ἄλλα τοὺς ἡλικιώτας καὶ ὄψεως εὐπρεπείᾳ μάλιστα ὑπερηρκότα.

The passage contains coordinated infinitives under λέγουσιν. The final participial description is syntactically difficult: ὑπερηρκότα appears accusative masculine singular but is semantically coordinated with ἐρῶντα and governs τοὺς ἡλικιώτας; its agreement/attachment is therefore marked uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	ADV	_	1 λέγουσιν	advmod	high
3	συμβῆναί	συμβαίνω	VERB	V-2AAI-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 λέγουσιν	ccomp	high	Infinitival content clause.
4	ποτε	ποτε	ADV	ADV	_	3 συμβῆναί	advmod	high
5	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἱερᾶσθαι	mark	medium	Introduces the explanatory infinitival construction.
6	ἱερᾶσθαι	ἱεράω	VERB	V-PAM-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 συμβῆναί	ccomp	medium	Form is the infinitive of ἱεράω; syntax coordinated with τυγχάνειν.
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	6 ἱερᾶσθαι	advmod	high
8	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 θεοῦ	det	high
9	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἱερᾶσθαι	obl	high	Genitive with ἱερᾶσθαι, understood as the deity served.
10	Κομαιθὼ	Κομαιθώ	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 θεοῦ	appos	high	Name in apposition to θεοῦ.
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 εἶδος	det	high
12	εἶδος	εἶδος	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 καλλίστην	nsubj	high	Subject of καλλίστην in the predicative description.
13	καλλίστην	καλός	ADJ	A-ASF-SUP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 παρθένον	amod	medium	Accusative agrees with παρθένον; τὸ εἶδος is the understood subject of the predicate.
14	παρθένον	παρθένος	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἱερᾶσθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject/object-like complement in the infinitival clause.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἱερᾶσθαι	punct	high
16	τυγχάνειν	τυγχάνω	VERB	V-PAM-INF	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 συμβῆναί	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive under λέγουσιν.
17	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 τυγχάνειν	cc	high
18	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	19 ἐρῶντα	obl	high	Genitive with ἐρῶντα.
19	ἐρῶντα	ἐράω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 τυγχάνειν	xcomp	high	Supplementary participle with τυγχάνειν.
20	Μελάνιππον	Μελάνιππος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐρῶντα	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the participial infinitival construction.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 τυγχάνειν	punct	high
22	τά	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 ἄλλα	det	high	Substantivized/nearly adverbial phrase τά τε ἄλλα.
23	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ἄλλα	cc	high
24	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	31 ὑπερηρκότα	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative: in other respects.
25	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἡλικιώτας	det	high
26	ἡλικιώτας	ἡλικιώτης	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ὑπερηρκότα	obj	high	Object of ὑπερηρκότα.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 εὐπρεπείᾳ	cc	high
28	ὄψεως	ὄψις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 εὐπρεπείᾳ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on εὐπρέπεια.
29	εὐπρεπείᾳ	εὐπρέπεια	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ὑπερηρκότα	obl	high	Dative of respect/measure.
30	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV-SUP	Degree=Sup	31 ὑπερηρκότα	advmod	high
31	ὑπερηρκότα	ὑπεραίρω	VERB	V-2RAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 ἐρῶντα	conj	medium	Participial predicate coordinated with ἐρῶντα; agreement is anomalous if Μελάνιππον is singular, so the transmitted form or attachment is uncertain.
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 λέγουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.19.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 19
Input: 748
Output: 1,353
Total: 2,101

ὡς δὲ ὁ Μελάνιππος ἐς τὸ ἴσον τοῦ ἔρωτος ὑπηγάγετο τὴν παρθένον, ἐμνᾶτο αὐτὴν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός.

The ὡς-clause is a temporal adjunct to ἐμνᾶτο; ἐς τὸ ἴσον τοῦ ἔρωτος is an idiomatic prepositional complement meaning entry into an equal state of love.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C	_	10 ὑπηγάγετο	mark	high	Temporal/subordinating conjunction introducing the ὡς-clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	14 ἐμνᾶτο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Pd	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Μελάνιππος	det	high
4	Μελάνιππος	Μελάνιππος	PROPN	Nb	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ὑπηγάγετο	nsubj	high	Subject of ὑπηγάγετο.
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	7 ἴσον	case	high	Variant form ἐς of εἰς.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	Pd	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἴσον	det	high
7	ἴσον	ἴσος	NOUN	Nb	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ὑπηγάγετο	obl	medium	Substantivized neuter accusative, 'the equal state'; object of ἐς.
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Pd	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἔρωτος	det	high
9	ἔρωτος	ἔρως	NOUN	Nb	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἴσον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on substantivized ἴσον.
10	ὑπηγάγετο	ὑπάγω	VERB	V-3rd-Sg-Aor-Med-Ind	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	14 ἐμνᾶτο	advcl	high	Aorist middle in temporal subordinate clause; subject brings the maiden into the same state regarding love.
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	Pd	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 παρθένον	det	high
12	παρθένον	παρθένος	NOUN	Nb	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ὑπηγάγετο	obj	high	Object of ὑπηγάγετο.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ὑπηγάγετο	punct	high
14	ἐμνᾶτο	μνάομαι	VERB	V-3rd-Sg-Impf-Med-Ind	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate, 'he sought/requested her in marriage'.
15	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	PRON	Pp	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	14 ἐμνᾶτο	obj	high	Object of ἐμνᾶτο.
16	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R	_	18 πατρός	case	high	With genitive, expressing source.
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Pd	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 πατρός	det	high
18	πατρός	πατήρ	NOUN	Nb	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐμνᾶτο	obl	high	Source/from whom he sought her.
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐμνᾶτο	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.19.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 43
Input: 1,010
Output: 3,110
Total: 4,120

ἕπεται δέ πως τῷ γήρᾳ τά τε ἄλλα ὡς τὸ πολὺ ἐναντιοῦσθαι νέοις καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐς τοὺς ἐρῶντας τὸ ἀνάλγητον, ὅπου καὶ Μελανίππῳ τότε ἐθέλοντι ἐθέλουσαν ἄγεσθαι Κομαιθὼ οὔτε παρὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ γονέων οὔτε παρὰ τῶν Κομαιθοῦς ἥμερον ἀπήντησεν οὐδέν.

The sentence contrasts old age’s usual opposition to the young with its special lack of compassion toward lovers; the ὅπου clause gives the Komaithō–Melanippē example. The infinitival construction around ἐθέλοντι/ἐθέλουσαν ἄγεσθαι is somewhat syntactically compressed, and Μελανίππῳ is morphologically unusual as supplied.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἕπεται	ἕπομαι	VERB	V-PIE-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἕπεται	cc	high
3	πως	πως	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἕπεται	advmod	high	Indefinite/adverbial πως, modifying the generalization.
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 γήρᾳ	det	high
5	γήρᾳ	γῆρας	NOUN	N-DNS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἕπεται	obl	high	Dative with ἕπεται: follows old age.
6	τά	ὁ	DET	T-NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἄλλα	det	high
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ἄλλα	cc	high
8	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ἐναντιοῦσθαι	obj	medium	Substantival neuter plural, coordinated with the following οὐχ ἥκιστα phrase.
9	ὡς	ὡς	ADV	ADV	_	11 πολὺ	advmod	high
10	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 πολὺ	det	high
11	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	A-NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἐναντιοῦσθαι	advmod	high	Adverbial τὸ πολύ, ‘for the most part’.
12	ἐναντιοῦσθαι	ἐναντιόομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	1 ἕπεται	csubj	medium	Articular infinitive understood as the subject/content of ἕπεται.
13	νέοις	νέος	ADJ	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἐναντιοῦσθαι	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐναντιοῦσθαι.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 ἀνάλγητον	cc	medium	Coordinates the second item after τά τε ἄλλα.
15	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 ἥκιστα	advmod	high
16	ἥκιστα	ἥκιστα	ADV	ADV-SUP	_	21 ἀνάλγητον	advmod	high	Adverbial superlative, ‘not least’.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	19 ἐρῶντας	case	high
18	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐρῶντας	det	high
19	ἐρῶντας	ἐράω	VERB	V-PAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 ἀνάλγητον	obl	high	Substantival participle, ‘those in love’.
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ἀνάλγητον	det	high
21	ἀνάλγητον	ἀνάλγητος	ADJ	A-NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἐναντιοῦσθαι	obj	medium	Substantival articular neuter, coordinated semantically with τά τε ἄλλα.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἕπεται	punct	high
23	ὅπου	ὅπου	ADV	ADV	_	41 ἀπήντησεν	advmod	high	Relative adverb introducing the illustrative clause.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	41 ἀπήντησεν	advmod	high	Focusing ‘also/even’.
25	Μελανίππῳ	Μελανίππη	PROPN	N-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἐθέλουσαν	obl	medium	Dative with ἐθέλουσαν ἄγεσθαι, likely the willing male partner/agent-like participant; name form and gender are textually unusual.
26	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	41 ἀπήντησεν	advmod	high
27	ἐθέλοντι	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAP-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	29 ἄγεσθαι	obl	high	Dative participle agreeing with Μελανίππῳ.
28	ἐθέλουσαν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAP-APS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	29 ἄγεσθαι	advcl	high	Accusative agreeing with Κομαιθώ, complementary circumstance to ἄγεσθαι.
29	ἄγεσθαι	ἄγω	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	41 ἀπήντησεν	ccomp	medium	Infinitive dependent on ἀπήντησεν in the sense of meeting with no favorable response while willing to be led/married.
30	Κομαιθὼ	Κομαιθώ	PROPN	N-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 ἀπήντησεν	nsubj	high
31	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 γονέων	cc	high
32	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	35 γονέων	case	high	With genitive.
33	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 γονέων	det	high
34	ἑαυτοῦ	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	35 γονέων	nmod	medium	Reflexive possessive form; agreement is morphologically masculine singular despite plural parents.
35	γονέων	γονεύς	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	41 ἀπήντησεν	obl	high
36	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	39 Κομαιθοῦς	cc	high
37	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	39 Κομαιθοῦς	case	high	With genitive.
38	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	39 Κομαιθοῦς	det	high
39	Κομαιθοῦς	Κομαιθώ	PROPN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 ἀπήντησεν	nmod	high	Genitive proper name modifying an elided noun, likely ‘Komaithe’s [parents]’.
40	ἥμερον	ἥμερος	ADJ	A-NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	42 οὐδέν	amod	medium	Substantival neuter adjective, ‘something gentle/kind’; coordinated by οὔτε ... οὔτε at the phrase level.
41	ἀπήντησεν	ἀπαντάω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 ἕπεται	parataxis	high	Main verb of the ὅπου clause.
42	οὐδέν	οὐδείς	PRON	P-NNA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	41 ἀπήντησεν	obj	high	Negative pronoun, ‘nothing’; licenses the negative sense of ἥμερον.
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἕπεται	punct	high

← 7.19.1 7.19.3 →