Grammar parses for passage 7.2.11
Open translation for this passage
κατὰ τὴν Μυουσίαν χώραν θαλάσσης κόλπος ἐσεῖχεν οὐ μέγας·
The clause means that along the Myousian region there projected inward a bay of the sea, not large; the exact lexical and syntactic nuance of ἐσεῖχεν is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 4 χώραν | case | high | Accusative-governing preposition. |
| 2 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Μυουσίαν | det | high | |
| 3 | Μυουσίαν | Μυουσία | PROPN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώραν | obl | medium | Place-name; governed by κατά and modifying χώραν. |
| 4 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κόλπος | obl | high | Accusative of extent/location with κατά. |
| 5 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κόλπος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κόλπος. |
| 6 | κόλπος | κόλπος | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσεῖχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσεῖχεν. |
| 7 | ἐσεῖχεν | ἐσέχω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect form; lexical analysis as ἐσέχω ('project/extend inward') is context-dependent. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Particle | Polarity=Neg | 9 μέγας | advmod | high | Negates μέγας. |
| 9 | μέγας | μέγας | ADJ | A-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κόλπος | amod | high | Predicative adjective describing κόλπος. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐσεῖχεν | punct | high |
τοῦτον λίμνην ὁ ποταμὸς ἐποίησεν ὁ Μαίανδρος, ἀποτεμόμενος τὸν ἔσπλουν τῇ ἰλύι· ὡς δὲ ἐνόστησε τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ οὐκέτι ἦν θάλασσα, οἱ κώνωπες ἄπειρον πλῆθος ἐγίνοντο ἐκ τῆς λίμνης, ἐς ὃ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἠνάγκασαν ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν.
The passage contains two coordinated finite clauses: the initial ποιέω clause and the later γίγνομαι clause; ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause, and ἐς ὃ introduces a relative/temporal clause whose antecedent is the preceding situation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with ποιέω. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ποταμὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Μαίανδρος | det | high | |
| 7 | Μαίανδρος | Μαίανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | appos | high | Appositional clarification of the river subject. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀποτεμόμενος | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀποτεμόμενος | ἀποτέμνω | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐποίησεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as Μαίανδρος. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἔσπλουν | det | high | |
| 11 | ἔσπλουν | ἔσπλους | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποτεμόμενος | obj | high | |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἰλύι | det | high | |
| 13 | ἰλύι | ἰλύς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποτεμόμενος | obl | medium | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐνόστησε | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ἐγίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἐνόστησε | νοστέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 29 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | high | Temporal clause introduced by ὡς. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 19 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνόστησε | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 21 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D | Polarity=Neg | 22 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 17 ἐνόστησε | conj | high | Coordinated predicate in the ὡς-clause. |
| 23 | θάλασσα | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate noun with εἰμί. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 κώνωπες | det | high | |
| 26 | κώνωπες | κώνωψ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐγίνοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ἄπειρον | ἄπειρος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 πλῆθος | amod | medium | Accusative neuter agreeing with πλῆθος; substantival quantity expression. |
| 28 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐγίνοντο | obj | medium | Quantitative accusative with γίγνομαι, construed as ‘became an immense multitude’; syntax is somewhat marked. |
| 29 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate after the temporal clause; ἐποίησεν is a preceding independent clause. |
| 30 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 32 λίμνης | case | high | |
| 31 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 λίμνης | det | high | |
| 32 | λίμνης | λίμνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐγίνοντο | obl | high | |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἠνάγκασαν | punct | high | |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 35 ὃ | case | high | |
| 35 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 38 ἠνάγκασαν | obl | medium | Relational/temporal relative: ‘until which point’; antecedent is the preceding situation. |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | |
| 37 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἠνάγκασαν | obj | high | |
| 38 | ἠνάγκασαν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 29 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | high | Relative clause predicate; subject is οἱ κώνωπες. |
| 39 | ἐκλιπεῖν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 38 ἠνάγκασαν | xcomp | high | |
| 40 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 41 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 41 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐκλιπεῖν | obj | high | |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high |
ἀπεχώρησαν δὲ ἐς Μίλητον Μυούσιοι τά τε ἄλλα ἀγώγιμα καὶ τῶν θεῶν φερόμενοι τὰ ἀγάλματα,
Μυούσιοι is the nominative subject; φερόμενοι is a nominative middle/passive participle agreeing with it, with τὰ ἀγάλματα as its accusative object. τά τε ἄλλα ἀγώγιμα is an additional coordinated accusative object of the implied carrying verb, while τῶν θεῶν is a genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπεχώρησαν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἀπεχώρησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Μίλητον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Μίλητον | Μίλητος | PROPN | Ne----As- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπεχώρησαν | obl | high | Goal of movement. |
| 5 | Μυούσιοι | Μυούσιος | PROPN | Ne----Np- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπεχώρησαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 6 | τά | ὁ | DET | P---Npa- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀγώγιμα | det | medium | Neuter plural article; coordinated phrase is an accusative object, with form syncretic in neuter plural. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---Npa- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀγώγιμα | amod | medium | Neuter plural form syncretic for nominative/accusative. |
| 9 | ἀγώγιμα | ἀγώγιμος | ADJ | A---Npa- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπεχώρησαν | obj | medium | Accusative object despite syncretic neuter plural form; substantival or elliptical with πράγματα. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---Gpm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-G--pm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Possessive/associative genitive modifying ἀγάλματα. |
| 13 | φερόμενοι | φέρω | VERB | V-PPM-Npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Μυούσιοι | acl | medium | Nominative participle agreeing with Μυούσιοι; middle/passive form here has active carrying sense. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---Apa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀγάλματα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-----pa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 φερόμενοι | obj | high | Object of φερόμενοι. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπεχώρησαν | punct | high |
καὶ ἦν κατʼ ἐμὲ οὐδὲν ἐν Μυοῦντι ὅτι μὴ Διονύσου ναὸς λίθου λευκοῦ·
The clause means roughly “and, in my view, there was nothing in Myous except a temple of Dionysus of white stone”; ὅτι μὴ introduces the exceptive phrase, while λίθου λευκοῦ is a genitive material/description dependent on ναός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential imperfect. |
| 3 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἐμὲ | case | high | Elided before ἐμέ. |
| 4 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1SAM | Case=Accusative|Number=Singular|Person=1 | 2 ἦν | obl | high | κατʼ ἐμέ, parenthetic viewpoint expression. |
| 5 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | PASN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 2 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter substantive, existential subject. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Μυοῦντι | case | high | |
| 7 | Μυοῦντι | Μυοῦς | PROPN | NEP | Case=Dative|Number=Singular | 2 ἦν | obl | medium | Place name; lemma and inflection are somewhat irregular. |
| 8 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ναὸς | mark | medium | With μή, forms an exceptive construction (“except that/except for”). |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | PTCL | Polarity=Neg | 8 ὅτι | advmod | high | Negative particle in the exceptive expression. |
| 10 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | NEP | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 ναὸς | nmod | high | Possessive/dedicatory genitive. |
| 11 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | NOMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 οὐδὲν | appos | medium | Appositional exception specifying οὐδέν; elliptical existential structure. |
| 12 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | NMSG | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 ναὸς | nmod | high | Material genitive (“of stone”). |
| 13 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 12 λίθου | amod | high | Agrees with λίθου. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high |
Μυουσίοις δέ γε κατέλαβεν ἐοικότα καὶ Ἀταρνείτας παθεῖν τοὺς ὑπὸ Περγάμῳ.
The clause is syntactically difficult: κατέλαβεν appears to govern a predicative ἐοικότα plus infinitival παθεῖν, with Ἀταρνείτας as the accusative subject of the infinitive; ὑπό + Περγάμῳ is treated as an oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μυουσίοις | Μυσία | PROPN | Nbfsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 κατέλαβεν | iobj | medium | Dative of the Mysians, recipient/affected group. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 4 κατέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | X | _ | 2 δέ | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐοικότα | ἔοικα | VERB | V3srpan--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 κατέλαβεν | xcomp | medium | Perfect participle of ἔοικα, functioning predicatively with the infinitive construction. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 ἐοικότα | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀταρνείτας | Ἀταρνείτης | PROPN | Nbmpa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive παθεῖν. |
| 8 | παθεῖν | πάσχω | VERB | V---ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐοικότα | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complementary to κατέλαβεν; its accusative subject is Ἀταρνείτας. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---apm--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὑπὸ | det | high | |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 8 παθεῖν | obl | high | Introduces the agent/authority associated with παθεῖν. |
| 11 | Περγάμῳ | Πέργαμος | PROPN | Nbfsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπὸ | obl | medium | Dative governed by ὑπό here; place-name interpretation is syntactically possible. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατέλαβεν | punct | high |